Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Student Workbook

To the Student

The Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, and You Reading Essentials and Study Guide is designed to help you use recognized reading strategies to improve your reading-for-information skills. For each section of the student textbook, you are alerted to key terms, asked to draw from prior knowledge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and then follow a process to read and understand the text. The Reading Essentials and Study Guide was prepared to help you get more from your textbook by reading with a purpose.

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, and You. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission from the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240 ISBN 0-07-860532-6 Printed in the United States of America 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 047 09 08 07 06 05 04 03

Contents

Chapter 1

Section 1: Government of the People, by the People, for the People ...................1 Section 2: The Path to Citizenship ...................................................................6 Section 3: The Diversity of Americans..............................................................9

Chapter 2

Section 1: Our English Heritage ....................................................................13 Section 2: The Birth of a Democratic Nation ...................................................17 Section 3: The Nation's First Governments .....................................................21

Chapter 3

Section 1: The Road to the Constitution .........................................................25 Section 2: Creating and Ratifying the Constitution...........................................28 Section 3: The Structure of the Constitution ...................................................32 Section 4: Principles Underlying the Constitution ............................................36

Chapter 4

Section 1: The First Amendment ...................................................................41 Section 2: Other Guarantees in the Bill of Rights ............................................44 Section 3: Extending the Bill of Rights ...........................................................48 Section 4: The Civil Rights Struggle ...............................................................51

Chapter 5

Section 1: The Duties and Responsibilities of Citizenship .................................54 Section 2: Volunteering in Your Community ...................................................58

Chapter 6

Section 1: How Congress Is Organized ...........................................................62 Section 2: The Powers of Congress................................................................67 Section 3: Representing the People ...............................................................71 Section 4: How a Bill Becomes a Law ............................................................75

Chapter 7

Section 1: The President and Vice President ...................................................79 Section 2: The President's Job ......................................................................83 Section 3: Making Foreign Policy ..................................................................86 Section 4: Presidential Advisers and Executive Agencies ..................................89

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Chapter 8

Section 1: The Federal Court System..............................................................94 Section 2: How Federal Courts Are Organized ................................................97 Section 3: The United States Supreme Court.................................................101 Section 4: Deciding Cases at the Supreme Court ...........................................105

Chapter 9

Section 1: Development of American Political Parties ....................................109 Section 2: Organization of American Political Parties ....................................114 Section 3: Role of Political Parties Today .....................................................117

Chapter 10

Section 1: Who Can Vote? ..........................................................................121 Section 2: Election Campaigns ....................................................................125 Section 3: Paying for Election Campaigns.....................................................128

Chapter 11

Section 1: Public Opinion ...........................................................................132 Section 2: The Mass Media.........................................................................136 Section 3: Interest Groups ..........................................................................140

Chapter 12

Section 1: The Federal System ....................................................................145 Section 2: The State Legislative Branch ........................................................149 Section 3: The State Executive Branch..........................................................153 Section 4: The State Judicial Branch ............................................................156

Chapter 13

Section 1: City Government ........................................................................159 Section 2: County Governments ..................................................................164 Section 3: Towns, Townships, and Villages ...................................................167

Chapter 14

Section 1: How a Community Handles Issues................................................170 Section 2: Education and Social Issues .........................................................173 Section 3: Environmental Issues..................................................................178

Chapter 15

Section 1: The Sources of Our Laws.............................................................182 Section 2: Types of Laws ............................................................................185 Section 3: The American Legal System .........................................................188

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Chapter 16

Section 1: Civil Cases.................................................................................193 Section 2: Criminal Cases ...........................................................................197 Section 3: Young People and the Courts.......................................................202

Chapter 17

Section 1: Civic Participation ......................................................................206 Section 2: Challenges for Democracy ...........................................................209 Section 3: Regulating the Internet ...............................................................212

Chapter 18

Section 1: The Fundamental Economic Problem ............................................216 Section 2: Making Economic Decisions.........................................................219 Section 3: Being an Economically Smart Citizen ............................................223

Chapter 19

Section 1: Economic Resources ...................................................................226 Section 2: Economic Activity and Productivity...............................................229 Section 3: Capitalism and Free Enterprise ....................................................232 Section 4: The Economy and You ................................................................236

Chapter 20

Section 1: What Is Demand?.......................................................................240 Section 2: Factors Affecting Demand............................................................243

Chapter 21

Section 1: What Is Supply? .........................................................................247 Section 2: Factors Affecting Supply..............................................................250 Section 3: Markets and Prices.....................................................................253

Chapter 22

Section 1: Types of Businesses....................................................................256 Section 2: Labor Unions .............................................................................261 Section 3: Businesses in Our Economy.........................................................265

Chapter 23

Section 1: The Role of Government .............................................................268 Section 2: Measuring the Economy..............................................................272 Section 3: Government, the Economy, and You .............................................277

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