Microbiology Study Guide - Winston-Salem/Forsyth County ...



Microbiology Study Guide-Answers

1. What is the difference between pandemic and epidemic?

A pandemic is worldwide while an epidemic is regional.

2. Is medicine related to biotechnology? Construction? Agriculture? Electricity generation? Explain.

Yes because we create new medicines through technology. Construction- no because it is not related to biology. Agriculture- yes because we have GM crops. Electricity Generation- no because it is not related to biology.

3. Who benefits more from biotechnology, a farmer or a cook? Why?

A farmer because of GM crops and pesticides, herbicides, etc. A cook can indirectly benefit because GM crops limit food shortages which in turn makes costs decrease. (not affected as much though)

4. Tell whether the following are a virus, bacteria, fungi, or parasite:

a. Influenza- virus

b. Polio- virus

c. Strep Throat- bacteria

d. AIDS- virus

e. Chicken Pox- virus

f. Rabies- bacteria

g. Malaria- parasite

5. How do bacteria reproduce?

USUALLY asexually through the splitting of themselves.

6. How do we treat bacterial infections? Viral infections?

Bacterial- antibiotics; viral- vaccines

7. Where do you find parasites?

Contaminated food and water; stagnant water

8. How do viruses reproduce?

They need a living host cell in order to reproduce. They inject their DNA into the host cell who in turn creates more viruses. Then the cell bursts open and releases the viruses to start the process again.

9. What is Penicillum? Why do you use it?

Penicillum is an antibiotic that is used to get rid of bacterial infections like strep throat.

10. H1N1 began in Asia in 2009. Then it spread to Mexico and the U.S. later that year. Describe the progression of the outbreak through the year using your knowledge of pandemic and epidemic.

H1N1 started out as an epidemic in Asia because it started in a specific region. Then it spread worldwide and soon became a pandemic.

11. Give an example of a vector and carrier.

Vector (not affected by the disease itself)- mosquito transmitting malaria, tick spreading lyme disease

Carrier (is affected by the disease)- someone with AIDS/HIV, a person with influenza

12. What causes antimicrobrial resistance?

Overuse; creations of new varieties of vaccinations and medications

13. What is the role of the host cell/organism?

To be the energy for a virus to reproduce in or provide nutrients for a fungus

14. What are things we can do every day to prevent the spread of viruses?

Wash our hands, use hand sanitizer, bathe often, sneeze in our arm, stay home when we are ill

15. Why are pandemics a new phenomenon?

Increased global travel, increased population

16. How do you usually get parasites?

Through insect bites or protists

17. How do infectious diseases spread?

Not being clean, people not getting vaccinated, overcrowding, areas with lots of death

18. Give examples of fields of study that you would need to study biotechnology.

Engineering, farming, biology, any science field

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