Adapted from Grammar for Writing, “Complements”
Parts of a Sentence: Complements
Adapted from Grammar for Writing, “Complements”
Complements – words or word groups that follow the verb and complete its meaning. There are four types of complements: direct objects, objective complements, indirect objects, and subject complements.
Direct Objects – a noun or pronoun that tells who or what receives the action of a verb. (verb what? or verb who?)
Winnie loves bacon.
Verb = loves
Subject = Winnie
Winnie loves what?
Bacon
Direct Object = bacon
Indirect Objects – nouns or pronouns that tell to or for whom or what the action of the verb is done? (to what? to whom?)
Lola gave Winnie a cookie.
Verb = gave
Subject = Lola
Lola gave what?
Cookie
Direct Object = cookie
To whom or what did she give the cookie?
Winnie
Indirect Object = Winnie
AN INDIRECT OBJECT CAN NEVER FOLLOW A PREPOSITION
(OF, WITH, TO, FOR, BY, AT, ON, IN, AROUND, ETC.)
Lola gave the cookie to Winnie.
Verb = gave
Subject = Lola
Direct Object = cookie
Indirect Object = NONE
Objective Complements – a noun or adjective that follow the direct object and identifies or describes it. Only certain verbs and their synonyms can be followed by objective complements. Verbs that signal objective complements: appoint, choose, elect, keep, name, call, consider, find, make, think.
I consider Winnie beautiful.
Verb = consider
Subject = I
Who do I consider?
Winnie
Direct Object = Winnie
Who or what does beautiful describe, the subject or the object?
Object (Winnie)
Objective Compliment = beautiful
Subject Complements - follows a linking verb and identifies or describes the subject. (linking verbs: be, is, are, was, were, am, feel, seem, consider, smell, sound, taste)
There are two types of subject complements: predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives.
Predicate Nominative – a noun used as a subject complement
Winnie is a pug.
Verb = is
Subject = Winnie
Predicate Nominative = pug
(a noun giving more information about the subject (Winnie))
Predicate Adjective – an adjective used as a subject complement.
The pug is playful.
Verb = is
Subject = pug
Predicate Adjective = playful
(an adjective describing the subject (pug))
Steps for identifying the parts of a sentence:
1. What is the verb (action or linking verb)?
2. What is the subject (who or what is performing the action)?
3. What is the direct object (who or what is receiving the action)?
4. What is the indirect object (to/for whom/what is the action being performed)?
5. Is there more information about the object? This noun or adjective is the objective complement.
6. Is there a linking verb? Is it followed by a noun? This is the predicate nominative? Is it followed by an adjective? This is the predicate adjective.
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