Fungi - Florida State College at Jacksonville
Cell structure
Bacteria have very simple cells called “prokaryotic” cells. All other organisms ( plants, fungi, animals, protists ) have more complicated “eukaryotic” cells.
Web site name: The Biology Project
Web URL:
Read “Eukaryotics”
1). What is the glycocalyx? _________________________________________
2). What is the function of ribosomes? _________________________________
3). What are two functions of the Golgi body? __________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
4). What are two functions of lysosomes? ______________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
5). What is the function of mitochondria? ______________________________
6). What are “cristae”? ___________________________________________
7). What are two unusual features of chloroplasts and mitochondria? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8). What does this suggest about the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A) Web site name: Economist magazine (Note: you will need to Sign up with your name and Email address to read the whole article. Signing up is free. Do NOT click on “Subscribe”)
Web URL:
Read “Cell free biotech will make for better products”.
9). What is a ribosome’s job? ________________________________________
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10). What “useful chemicals” can be engineered from ribosomes and proteins?
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11). What is one advantage of getting rid of the cells? _____________________
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12). Which gut bacteria is used in this system? __________________________
13). What is the name of the enzymes that eat up the fragmented DNA? _____________________________
14). Which energy-carrying molecule powers the process of making proteins? ______________________
15). How many proteins can be processed in parallel? ________________
16). What do tubes which flash brightly indicate? ______________________
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17). Which disease will STRO-001 treat? ___________________________
18). Why does GreenLight want to make an undigestible analogue of ribose? ______________________________________________
19). How long ago was beer invented? _____________________________
B) Web site name: Cells Alive (Nucleus)
Web URL:
Click on “Start the Animation” then “Animal Cell”, then click on “Nucleus”
20). What is the nucleus surrounded by? ________________________________
21). How does the nucleus communicate? _____________________________________________________________
22). Why is a liver cell different from a muscle cell? _____________________________________________________________
Click on “Nucleolus”
23). What does the nucleolus produce? ____________________________________________________________
C) Web site name: Cells Alive (Animation)
Web URL:
Click on “Start the Animation” then “Animal Cell”, then “Mitochondria”
24). What is the function of mitochondria? _____________________________
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25). What is one similarity between the mitochondria and nucleus? _____________________________________________________________
26). Why are the cristae folded? _______________________________________
27). What is the primary energy source for the cell? ______________________
Click on “Cell membrane”
28). What does “hydrophilic” mean? __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
29). What color are the proteins in the diagram? _________________________
30). Which ions move through the proteins? _____________________________ _____________________________________________________________
Click on “Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum”
31). The ER is a continuation of ___________________ __________________
32). What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells? _____________________________________________________________
33). What is the function of smooth ER in liver cells? ____________________________________________________________
Click on “Cytoskeleton”
34) What is the primary importance of the cytoskeleton?
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35) What color are the stress fibers stained in the photograph? _____________
Click on one more organelle listed near the bottom of the screen.
36) Which organelle did you click on? ________________________________
37) Summarize the information about this organelle:
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D) Web site name: Economist magazine (Note: if it says you have reached your article limit, just clear your browser cache)
Web URL:
Read “Towards a body on a chip”
38) How would the test for a new drug “normally” be carried out?
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39) Apart from the “liver-on-a-chip” which two other organs are currently being produced by groups from Harvard University and the University of California?
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40) How many “tiny livers” does each liver chip contain? __________________
41) How does the lung-on-a-chip stretch and relax the cells, to mimic breathing?
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42) Do see any ethical concerns with having human heart cells “beating on their own at 55 – 80 beats per minute”? ______________________________________
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43) Why is the military interested in having 10 organs on a body chip?
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44) What are a couple of hurdles that still need to be overcome? ______________
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