Final Background Document for Sulfuric Acid - EPA

[Note: with the publication of the Fifth Edition of AP-42, the Chapter and Section number for Sulfuric Acid was changed to 8.10.]

BACKGROUND REPORT AP-42 SECTION 5.17

SULFURIC ACID

Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

OAQPS/TSD/EIB Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

December 3, 1992

Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Post Office Box 12077

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2077 919/941-0333 i

1-96 AP-42 Background Report TECHNICAL SUPPORT DIVISION

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 ii

This report has been reviewed by the Technical Support Division of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products is not intended to constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report are available through the Library Services Office (MD-15), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.0 INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.1

GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.2

PROCESS DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.3

EMISSIONS AND CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.4

REVIEW OF SPECIFIC DATA SETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.5

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.0 GENERAL EMISSION DATA REVIEW AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURES . . . . . . . 13

3.1

LITERATURE SEARCH AND SCREENING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.2

EMISSION DATA QUALITY RATING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3.3

EMISSION FACTOR QUALITY RATING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.4

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4.0 POLLUTANT EMISSION FACTOR DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4.1

REVIEW OF SPECIFIC DATA SETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4.2

CRITERIA POLLUTANT EMISSIONS DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.3

NONCRITERIA POLLUTANT EMISSIONS

DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.4 DATA GAP ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4.5

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

APPENDIX A. AP-42 SECTION 5.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 4.2-1 (METRIC UNITS) SULFUR DIOXIDE SOURCE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 TABLE 4.2-1 (ENGLISH UNITS) SULFUR DIOXIDE SOURCE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 TABLE 4.3-1 (METRIC UNITS) GLOBAL WARMING GASES:

CARBON DIOXIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 TABLE 4.3-1 (ENGLISH UNITS) GLOBAL WARMING GASES:

CARBON DIOXIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 TABLE 4.3-2 (METRIC UNITS) SULFURIC ACID MIST

SOURCE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 TABLE 4.3-2 (ENGLISH UNITS) SULFURIC ACID MIST SOURCE

TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 TABLE 4.3-3 (METRIC UNITS) SULFUR TRIOXIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 TABLE 4.3-3 (ENGLISH UNITS) SULFUR TRIOXIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 TABLE 4.5-1 LIST OF CONVERSION FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Figure 2.2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Figure 2.3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

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