01 - Denton Independent School District



Section 4: Transcription

Study Guide A

Key Concept

TRANSCRIPTION CONVERTS A GENE INTO A SINGLE-STRANDED RNA MOLECULE.

Vocabulary

|CENTRAL DOGMA |MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) |

|RNA |RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA) |

|TRANSCRIPTION |TRANSFER RNA (TRNA) |

|RNA POLYMERASE | |

MAIN IDEA: RNA CARRIES DNA’S INSTRUCTIONS.

LABEL THE DIAGRAM BELOW WITH EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PROCESSES: TRANSLATION, TRANSCRIPTION, AND REPLICATION.

FOR EACH PROCESS, WRITE DOWN WHETHER IT TAKES PLACE IN THE NUCLEUS OR IN THE CYTOPLASM OF A EUKARYOTIC CELL.

Place the following words and letters into the table below to contrast DNA

and RNA.

|ribose |deoxyribose |double |single |U |T |

|DNA |RNA |

|4. Contains the sugar ____________ |Contains the sugar ____________ |

|5. Has the bases A, C, G, and ________ |Has the bases A, C, G, and ________ |

|6. Typically __________-stranded |Typically __________-stranded |

Study Guide A continued

Main Idea: Transcription makes three types of RNA.

FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE WORD OR PHRASE THAT BEST COMPLETES THE SENTENCE.

7. The enzyme that helps a cell to make a strand of RNA is called ________________________.

8. The following sentences summarize the three key steps of transcription.

Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,

i. A large transcription complex, including RNA polymerase and other proteins, assembles at the start of a gene / nucleus and begins to unwind

the DNA / RNA.

ii. Using one strand of the DNA as a template, DNA polymerase / RNA polymerase strings together a complementary strand of RNA.

iii. The RNA strand attaches to / detaches from the DNA as it is transcribed, and the DNA zips back together.

9. Identify which type of RNA (mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA) performs each of the following functions.

__________ brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein.

__________ forms part of ribosomes.

__________ is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein.

Main Idea: The transcription process is similar to replication.

10. CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOXES TO IDENTIFY WHETHER EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PROCESSES IS TRUE OF TRANSCRIPTION, TRUE OF REPLICATION, OR TRUE OF BOTH TRANSCRIPTION AND REPLICATION.

| |Transcription |Replication |Both |

| i. is catalyzed by large enzymes | | | |

| ii. is highly regulated by the cell | | | |

|iii. involves complementary base pairing of the DNA | | | |

|strand | | | |

|iv. involves unwinding of the DNA double helix | | | |

| v. occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells | | | |

Study Guide A continued

11. Check the appropriate boxes to identify whether each of the following end results is true of transcription, true of replication, or true of both transcription and replication.

| |Transcription |Replication |Both |

| i. makes a double-stranded copy of all the DNA in a cell | | | |

| ii. makes a single-stranded complement of only a particular | | | |

|DNA sequence. | | | |

|iii. occurs only once during each round of the cell cycle | | | |

|iv. occurs repeatedly throughout the cell cycle to make | | | |

|proteins, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as needed by a cell | | | |

Vocabulary Check

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

12. The name of each type of RNA tells what it does.

mRNA is a form of the DNA message that tells the cell what type of ________________ to make.

rRNA is a key component of ______________________.

tRNA transfers, or carries, _____________________ from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.

13. Transcription is the process of copying a sequence of __________ to produce a complementary strand of ________.

-----------------------

1. _______________

DNA

RNA

Proteins

3. _______________

_______________ ____________

2. _______________

_______________

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