TOPIC 14 – MOTIONS OF EARTH, MOON, SUN
Topic 4 – Review Book
Motions of Earth, Moon and Sun
Define the Vocabulary
1. Coriolis Effect ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. eclipse_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Foucault pendulum ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. geocentric model_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. heliocentric model______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions based on the reading:
Apparent Motions of Celestial Objects
1. What is an apparent motion?__________________________________
2. What is causing the apparent motion of stars moving across the sky from east to west? ______________________________________________
Daily Motion of Stars – Figure 4.1
3. How do most celestial (heavenly) objects appear to move across the sky?
_________________________________________________________
4. How do some of the stars near the North Star or Polaris appear to move?
_________________________________________________________
5. What is an arc? __________________________________________
a. Look at Figure 4.1 – This is a very important diagram that you need to understand. Looking east, south and west are all parts of an arc.
6. What is the constant rate of all DAILY (24 hour period) motion of celestial objects? ___________________________________________
Apparent Motion of the Planets Figure 4.2
7. Due to the complicated motion of Earth and the other planets revolving around the sun in different orbits and at different speeds, when the planets are viewed from earth what do the appear to do? ____________________
_________________________________________________________
Apparent Motions of Earth’s Moon
8. Does the moon follow the daily east-to-west motion of the stars? _____
9. How many minutes does the moon appear to rise later each day? _______
Apparent Sun Motions in Northern Mid-latitudes – Figure 4-3
10. What shape is the sun’s apparent path? ________________________
11. What are the changes in sun’s path with the seasons? ______________
_________________________________________________________
12. What happens to the number of daylight hours as the length of the sun’s path increases? What season has the greatest number of daylight hours?
_________________________________________________________
13. Where does the sun rise and set in the spring and fall? _____________
_________________________________________________________
14. Where does the sun rise and set in the summer? _________________
15. Where does the sun rise and set in the winter? __________________
Changes in the altitude of the sun at noon – Figure 4-4
Altitude – the angle in degrees of a celestial object above the horizon
16. What time of day does the sun reach the highest position in the sky? __
_________________________________________________________
17. What 2 factors determine the altitude of the sun at noon?__________
_________________________________________________________
18. Between what 2 latitudes is the sun directly overhead (90°) at noon?
_______________________________________________________
19. Why isn’t the sun ever directly overhead anywhere in the continental U.S.? (Hint: Key West, Florida has a latitude of 24.5°N) ______________
_________________________________________________________
20. According to Figure 4-4, at what latitude is the sun directly overhead on September 23 (Fall Equinox) and March 23 (Spring Equinox)? ___________
21. The Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) on what date (Summer Solstice)? ______________________________________
22. The Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S) on what date (Winter Solstice)? __________________________________
MODELS THAT HELP EXPLAIN APPARENT CELESTIAL MOTIONS
Geocentric Models Figures 4-5 and 4-6
23. Why did most early cultures believe in the geocentric model?________ _________________________________________________________
24. Figure 4-5 – what does it say the earth is not doing in the geocentric model?____________________________________________________
25. What 2 motions of earth are explained in a heliocentric model? ______
_________________________________________________________
ACTUAL EARTH MOTIONS
Rotation of Earth
26. What is earth’s rotation?___________________________________
27. What is its axis? _________________________________________
28. How many degrees is earth’s axis tilted from a line perpendicular to the plane of its orbit? ___________________________________________
29. The tilt of our axis never changes -the north end of the axis is directly below what star? ____________________________________________
30. How long does it take earth to rotate 360° from WEST TO EAST?___
Evidence of Earth’s Rotation
Hard to prove rotation before satellites because we cannot feel it
The Foucault pendulum (pronounced FOO-koh)
31. When a Foucault pendulum was observed in 1851, how did it appear to change? __________________________________________________
32. How is this proof of rotation? _______________________________
_________________________________________________________
Figure 4-8
33. The path of the Foucault pendulum only appears to change. What is actually happening? __________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
The Coriolis Effect
34. In the Northern Hemisphere, which direction is the deflection? ______
35. In the Southern Hemisphere, which direction is the deflection? ______
36. Why does this deflection occur? _____________________________
_________________________________________________________
37. What are some examples of matter deflected with respect to Earth’s surface? __________________________________________________
38. Sum it up - Why is the Coriolis Effect a proof of Earth’s rotation? ____
_________________________________________________________
Evidence of Earth’s Revolution Around the Sun
39. How long does it take the Earth to revolve around the sun? _________
40. Earth’s orbit is a slightly eccentric ellipse. Eccentricity means the degree of flatness of an ellipse or how far it is from being a circle. Does our slightly elliptical orbit cause the seasons? _________________________
41. Seasonal changes are evidence for revolution because as earth travels in its orbit around the sun due to earth’s tilt different parts of earth receive the direct rays of the sun. If we did not revolve, what would be the effect on seasons?________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
42. Why are having different constellations associated with each of the 4 season’s proof of revolution? ___________________________________
_________________________________________________________
43. Figure 4-9 When are the constellations visible on Earth? ___________
_________________________________________________________
44. What happens to the sun’s apparent diameter as Earth revolves in its slightly elliptical orbit? (this happens because of the changing distance from the sun) __________________________________________________
Earth and Moon Motions and Time
45. What is the concept of the month based on? ____________________
46. What is a day based on? ___________________________________
47. What is a year based on? __________________________________
Local Time – this should be a review
48. What is time based on? ____________________________________
49. What is true about time at all locations on the same north-south line, meridians of longitude? _______________________________________
Time Zone or Standard Time
50. How many time zones are there? _____________________________
51. How wide apart and what is the difference in time between time zones? _________________________________________________________
Actual Motions of Earth’s Moon Figure 4-12
52. What common events are the results of the revolution of the moon around Earth as Earth revolves around the sun? _____________________
_________________________________________________________
53. What is the tilt and period of the moon’s revolution? ______________
54. Why do we see only one side of the moon from Earth? _____________
_________________________________________________________
Moon Phases
55. Except during lunar eclipses, how much of the moon is always receiving light from the sun? __________________________________________
56. Why does an observer on Earth see varying amounts of this lighted half as the moon moves in its orbit? _________________________________
_________________________________________________________
57. What type of change are the phases of the moon? ________________
58. The period from one full moon to the next is how many days? ________
59. Moon’s period of revolution is only how many days? ________________
(As the moon revolves around Earth, Earth is moving in its orbit around the sun. Therefore, it takes longer (approximately 2 days) for the moon to complete its full cycle from full moon to full moon)
Tides Figure 4-15
60. What causes the tides? ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
61. The tidal effect is caused primarily by what? ____________________
62. Why? _________________________________________________
63. Few ocean shores experience an ideal cycle of tides but normally how many high tides and low tides are there in a 24 hour cycle? _____________
64. When the moon, earth and sun are in a straight line you get higher high tides and lower low tides. What is the result? ______________________
65. When the moon is a quarter phase, the sun is at a 90° angle to moon’s force resulting in lower high tides and higher low tides. What is the result?
_________________________________________________________
Eclipses
Lunar Eclipse
66. What is a lunar eclipse? ___________________________________
_________________________________________________________
67. This ONLY happens during what moon phase? ___________________
68. Why doesn’t this happen every month? ________________________
_________________________________________________________
Solar Eclipse
69. What is a solar eclipse and during what moon phase can it happen? ____
_________________________________________________________
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- sun earth moon model
- earth moon and sun answers
- earth moon and sun pdf
- earth moon sun simulator
- earth moon and sun system
- sun earth moon quiz
- earth moon sun orbit animation
- earth moon sun activity printable
- sun earth moon relationship animation
- earth moon sun rotation animation
- sun earth moon animation
- earth moon sun activity