Commercial Status of the PV Industry in 2004 ...
August 2004 ? NREL/CP-520-36681
The Commercial Status of the PV Industry in 2004--Identifying Important and Unimportant Factors
Preprint
Bolko von Roedern
To be presented at the 14th Workshop on Crystalline
Silicon Solar Cells and Modules
Winter Park, Colorado
August 8-11, 2004
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 ? Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute ? Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337
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The Commercial Status of the PV Industry in 2004 ? Identifying Important and Unimportant Factors
Bolko von Roedern
NREL, NCPV, Thin Film Partnership, Golden, CO 80401-3393
This Paper reviews the current status of the commercial PV Industry. It assesses the current status of commercially available modules, most of which use silicon wafers or ribbons. My analysis will show that the choice of Si wafers or substrates, once deemed to be the most important aspect, ended up making only negligible differences for commercial products, as long as cells are prepared by diffusion and screen printing. I will also address the prospects and requirements for both next generation thin-film modules and super-high (>20%) efficient commercial crystalline Si cells. It is shown that traditional recombination loss analyses provide a poor tool for understanding limitations of cell and module performance, because those analytical schemes ignore dominating interactions between different loss mechanisms (e.g., of surface and bulk recombination).
1. Results used for Discussion
A survey was conducted using PV module manufacturer's product specifications on their corporate websites. Table 1 gives the results of the survey as of May 2004. The ranking by efficiency was calculated as module power divided by total module area.
Eff. Module (%)
16.9 SunPower SPR210
T.coeff. comments (%P/oC)
na (`low') Rear contact cells, FZ wafers
16.1 Sanyo HIP190BA2
-0.33
"HIT"heterojunction cell, n-type CZ wafers
14.2 Sharp NT-185-U1
na
CZ wafers, diffused cells
13.5 BP4170
-0.5
Laser-grooved buried contacts, CZ wafers
13.1 Kyocera KC167G
VOC=-0.12 Cast multi-Si wafers
13.0 RWESchott ASE-300- -0.47
EFG ribbon
DGF/315
12.8 Sharp ND-167-U1
na
Cast multi-Si wafers
12.7 BP3160
-0.5
Cast multi-Si wafers ("Solarex")
12.1 Shell SQ160-C
-0.52
CZ wafers ("semisquare, CA Siemens Solar")
11.6 Evergreen Solar EC115 11.5 GEPV-165M
-0.4
"String ribbon" Si
(up to)-0.5 Reclaimed semiconductor wafers ("AstroPower")
11.1 Shell S115-C
-0.45
Cast multi-Si wafers (German cells)
11.0 W?rthSolar WS31050/80 -0.36
"CIGS" thin-film
9.4 Shell Solar ST-40
-0.6
"CIGSS" thin-film
7.6 First Solar FS55 6.4 Mitsubishi Heavy MA100 6.3 Uni-Solar US-64
-0.25
-0.2 ( ................
................
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