RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS OF DISSERTATION
|1. |Name of the Candidate |DR. PRATHAP KUMAR.J |
| |& address |No.2, 3rd Cross, Kasturinagar, NGEF East., |
| | |Bangalore -560 043 |
|2. |Name of the institution |DR.B.R.AMBEDKAR MEDICAL COLLEGE |
|3. |Course of study & Subject |M.D ANATOMY |
| | |Anatomy |
|4. |Date of admission to course |19.06.2009 |
|5. |Title of the topic |A Study of Branching Pattern and Morphometry of Abdominal Aorta |
|6. Brief Resume of the Intended work |
| |
|6.1 Need of the Study |
| |
|The incidence of atherosclerosis in Indian adults is to the extent of 40-43%. So, this entails a necessity for detailed study of branches |
|of Aorta and their terminations along with their anastamosis. |
|The site of ligation of abdominal Aorta for the treatment of aneurysm can be determined exactly by the knowledge of its branching pattern. |
|For doing “Translumbar Aortography” to know the exact site of atherosclerosis, the knowledge of the relations of Aorta & its branching |
|pattern is Important. |
|The present study is also helpful in adopting the correct procedures for treatment of Renal Vascular occlusion and mesentric vascular |
|oclusion, both of the cases may present as an Acute Abdominal Emergency. |
| |
|Hence a study of variation in the branching pattern of Abdominal Aorta and its morphometry has been taken up. |
| |
|6.2 Review of Literature |
| |
|A review of the literature of the branching pattern of the Abdominal Aorta reveals that either the visceral or the parietal branches were |
|studied alone with special emphasis on hepatic, renal and suprarenal circulation. |
|The Abdominal Aorta extends between the lower part of 12th Thoracic vertebra to the body of the 4th Lumbar vertebra.1 |
|The branches of Abdominal Aorta are classified as:1&2 |
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|Abdominal Aorta |
| |
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|Visceral branches |
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|Unpaired (Median) |
|Coeliac artery |
|Superior Mesentric Artery |
|Inferior Mesentric Artery |
| |
| |
| |
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|Paired (lateral) |
|Middle Suprarenal artery |
|Renal artery |
|Gonadal artery |
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|Parietal branches |
|Unpaired |
|Median sacral artery |
| |
| |
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|Paired |
|Inferior Phrenic artery |
|Lumbar artery |
|Common Iliac artery |
| |
| |
|The commonest variation occurs in the branching pattern with regard to the renal arteries. The level of coeliac trunk and superior |
|mesentric arteries showing a variation of not more than the height equal to that of a single vertebra.2 |
| |
|Abdominal Aorta is the direct continuation of the descending thoracic aorta. |
|It begins at the aortic hiatus of diaphragm at the level of intervertebral disc between twelfth thoracic vertebra and first lumbar |
|vertebrae. Ends at about the level of fourth lumbar vertebrae by dividing into two common iliac arteries.3 |
| |
|Abdominal Aorta is extending from the lower part of twelth Thoracic vertebra upto the lower border of fourth lumbar vertebra.4 |
|The branches are classified as 4 |
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|Abdominal aorta |
| |
|Ventral branches |
|Celiac artery |
|Superior mesenteric artery |
|Inferior mesenteric artery |
| |
| |
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|Lateral branches |
|Inferior Phrenic artery |
|Middle Suprarenal artery |
|Renal artery |
|Gonadal artery |
| |
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|Dorsal branches |
|Lumber artery |
|Median sacral artery |
| |
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|Terminal branches |
|Common iliac artery |
| |
| |
|The branches of abdominal Aorta fall into three main groups:5 |
|Ventral Midline branches |
|Paired Lateral branches |
|Paired Visceral branches |
|The incidence of Abdominal aortic aneurysms among Rochester, Minnesota residents increased seven folds between 1951 and 1980. While |
|incidence of thoracic aorta aneurysm declined. Incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm increases with age and were greater among men. Overall|
|incidence in 1971—1980 was 36.5per 1,00,000 person years.6 |
|A retrospective study of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm was carried out between 1990 and 1997, that 233 patients |
|were studied in Bradford. Asian population comprises 14% of total population of Bradford and 28 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm were |
|expected per year. All cases occurred in Caucasian population.7 |
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|6.3 Objectives of the study |
| |
|6.3 (i): |
|The branching pattern of the arteries from the very small area of abdominal aorta. |
|Atherosclerosis, involving this part can lead to multiple organ ischemia. |
|To determine the common origin, if any of the described branches. |
|To determine the vertebral level of the origin of the branches. |
|To determine the vertebral level of termination of the abdominal aorta. |
| |
|6.3 (ii) |
|The incidence and prevalence can be calculated by frequency table: |
| |
|7. Materials & Methods |
|The material and methods consists of male and Female human cadavers, which are of south Indian origin. Measurements will be taken using |
|Vernier calipers. |
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|7.1 Source of Data |
| |
|Prospective study over a period of two years: |
|The specimens are obtained from the Cadavers allotted for dissection to the I MBBS students of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Medical College. The |
|vertebral levels of the origin of the branches of the abdominal aorta are observed and recorded. Similarly, the vertebral level of |
|termination of the aorta is also noted |
|The internal diameter of the aorta will be measured after dissection. |
|7.2 Method of collection |
| |
|The specimens are collected from the cadavers allotted for dissection to the first year MBBS students of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Medical College, by|
|dissection method. |
|All cadavers available for dissection at Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Medical College, Department of Anatomy allotted for first year MBBS students. |
|Present study will be carried out for two years. |
|Specimen will be numbered serially and photographed. |
|Readings obtained will be recorded and tabulated. |
|Results obtained will be correlated statistically analyzed. |
|Inclusion criteria: |
|(i)Cadavers belonging to different age groups and both sexes have been included. |
|(ii)All cadavers available for dissection, which are allotted to undergraduate students at Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Medical College, Anatomy |
|Department. |
|Exclusion criteria: |
|The specimens which are damaged are excluded. |
|7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patient, other human or animals, if so please describe |
|briefly. |
| |
|------NO----- |
|7.4 Has Ethical clearance been obtained from your institution? |
| |
|-------YES----- |
|8. List of References : |
|1. G.J.Romanes, Cunningham’s textbook of Anatomy,12th edition;1987,oxford publisher P:923-929 |
|2. Henry Hollinshed. W, Anatomy for surgeons, 3rd edition; 1982; Harper Row; P:590-595 |
|3. Keith.L.Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy,1980; Williams & Wilkins P:269-275 |
|4. Peter.L.Williams, RogerWarwick, Gray’s Anatomy, Elsiever Churchill and Livingstone, 36th edition, P:710-719 |
|5. R.M.H.McMinn, Lasts Anatomy, Regional and Applied, 8th edition,1990, Churchill Livingstone P:362-363 |
|6. Joseph Melton et al, American Journal of Epidemology,1984, Vol:120, No.3, P:379-386 |
|7. J.I.Spark, Epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms in the Asian community, British Journal of Surgery, 2002, Vol: 88,(3), P:382-384. |
|9. |Signature of the candidate | |
| | | |
|10. |Remarks of the Guide | |
| | | |
| | | |
|11.1 |Name & Designation of the Guide | |
| |(In Block letters) |Prof Dr.B.R.RAMESH |
|11.2 |Signature | |
|11.3 |Co-Guide if any | |
|11.4 |Head of the Department | |
| | |Prof Dr.B.R.RAMESH |
|11.5 |Signature | |
|12.1 |Remarks by the Chairman & Principal | |
| | | |
|12.2 |Signature | |
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