3.9 List of Mathematical Symbols
3.9 List of Mathematical Symbols
45
3.9 List of Mathematical Symbols
In the following tables you find all the symbols normally accessible from math mode.
To use the symbols listed in Tables 3.12?3.165, the package amssymb must be loaded in the preamble of the document and the AMS math fonts must be installed on the system. If the AMS package and fonts are not installed, on your system, have a look at CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/packages/amslatex
a^ \hat{a} a` \grave{a} a? \bar{a}
Table 3.1: Math Mode Accents
a \check{a} a \dot{a} a \vec{a}
a~ \tilde{a} a? \ddot{a} A \widehat{A}
a? \acute{a} a \breve{a} A \widetilde{A}
Table 3.2: Lowercase Greek Letters
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta
\epsilon \varepsilon \zeta \eta
\theta \vartheta \iota \kappa \lambda ? \mu \nu \xi
oo \pi
\varpi \rho
\varrho \sigma \varsigma \tau
\upsilon \phi \varphi \chi \psi \omega
Table 3.3: Uppercase Greek Letters
\Gamma \Delta \Theta
\Lambda \Xi \Pi
\Sigma \Upsilon \Phi
\Psi \Omega
5These tables were derived from symbols.tex by David Carlisle and subsequently changed extensively as suggested by Josef Tkadlec
46
Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Table 3.4: Binary Relations
You can produce corresponding negations by adding a \not command as prefix to the following symbols.
> \geq or \ge
\gg \succ \succeq \supset \supseteq ? \sqsupset a \sqsupseteq \ni , \owns \dashv \parallel \frown / \notin
== \equiv =. \doteq \sim
\simeq \approx = \cong ? \Join a
\bowtie \propto |= \models \perp
\asymp = \neq or \ne
aUse the latexsym package to access this symbol
Table 3.5: Binary Operators
++
? \pm
? \cdot
? \times
\cup
\sqcup
\vee , \lor
\oplus
\odot
\otimes
\bigtriangleup
?
\lhd a
? \unlhd a
--
\mp
? \div
\ \setminus
\cap
\sqcap
\wedge , \land
\ominus
\oslash
\bigcirc
\bigtriangledown
?
\rhd a
? \unrhd a
\triangleleft \triangleright \star \ast \circ ? \bullet \diamond \uplus \amalg \dagger \ddagger \wr
3.9 List of Mathematical Symbols
47
\sum \prod \coprod \int
Table 3.6: BIG Operators
\bigcup \bigcap \bigsqcup \oint
\bigvee \bigwedge
\bigoplus \bigotimes \bigodot \biguplus
Table 3.7: Arrows
\leftarrow or \gets - \longleftarrow
\uparrow
\rightarrow or \to - \longrightarrow
\downarrow
\leftrightarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\updownarrow
\Leftarrow
= \Longleftarrow
\Uparrow
\Rightarrow
= \Longrightarrow
\Downarrow
\Leftrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\Updownarrow
\mapsto
- \longmapsto
\nearrow
\hookleftarrow
\hookrightarrow
\searrow
\leftharpoonup
\rightharpoonup
\swarrow
\leftharpoondown
\rightharpoondown
\rightleftharpoons \iff (bigger spaces)
\nwarrow \leadsto a
?
aUse the latexsym package to access this symbol
Table 3.8: Delimiters
((
))
\uparrow
\Uparrow
[ [ or \lbrack ] ] or \rbrack \downarrow
\Downarrow
{ \{ or \lbrace } \} or \rbrace
\updownarrow
\Updownarrow
\langle
\rangle
| | or \vert
\| or \Vert
\lfloor
\rfloor
\lceil
\rceil
//
\ \backslash
. (dual. empty)
Table 3.9: Large Delimiters
\lgroup
\rgroup
\lmoustache \rmoustache
| \arrowvert
\Arrowvert \bracevert
48
Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Table 3.10: Miscellaneous Symbols
. . . \dots \hbar \Re
\forall '
\nabla \bot \diamondsuit ? \neg or \lnot
? ? ? \cdots i \imath
\Im \exists
\prime \triangle \top \heartsuit \flat
... \vdots \jmath \aleph
\mho a
?
\emptyset \Box a
?
\angle
?
\clubsuit \natural
aUse the latexsym package to access this symbol
. . . \ddots
\ell
\wp
\partial
\infty
?
\Diamond a
\surd
\spadesuit
\sharp
Table 3.11: Non-Mathematical Symbols
These symbols can also be used in text mode. \dag ? \S c \copyright \ddag ? \P ? \pounds
Table 3.12: AMS Delimiters
? \ulcorner
\urcorner
\llcorner
\lrcorner
?
?
?
Table 3.13: AMS Greek and Hebrew
? \digamma
\varkappa
\beth
\daleth
\gimel
3.9 List of Mathematical Symbols
49
Table 3.14: AMS Binary Relations
? \lessdot
? ?
\leqslant \eqslantless
\leqq \lll or \llless
\lesssim
! \lessapprox
$ \lessgtr
' \lesseqgtr
0 3
\lesseqqgtr \preccurlyeq
6 \curlyeqprec
9 \precsim
B \precapprox
E
\subseteqq \Subset
? \gtrdot ? \geqslant ? \eqslantgtr \geqq \ggg or \gggtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox " \gtrless % \gtreqless ( \gtreqqless
1 \succcurlyeq 4 \curlyeqsucc 7 \succsim @ \succapprox C \supseteqq F \Supset
? \doteqdot or \Doteq ? \risingdotseq ? \fallingdotseq \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq
\bumpeq
# \Bumpeq & \thicksim ) \thickapprox 2 \approxeq 5 \backsim 8 \backsimeq A \vDash D \Vdash G \Vvdash
\sqsubset
? \sqsupset
H \backepsilon
I \therefore
P \because
Q \varpropto
R \shortmid
S \shortparallel
T \between
U \smallsmile
V \smallfrown
W \pitchfork
X a
\vartriangleleft Y \trianglelefteq b
\vartriangleright ` \trianglerighteq c
\blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleright
Table 3.15: AMS Arrows
dfege r
u
\dashleftarrow \leftleftarrows
x
\leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow
ehepi \dashrightarrow
q
s \rightrightarrows t
v \rightleftarrows
w
y \Rrightarrow
\twoheadleftarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\leftarrowtail
\leftrightharpoons
\Lsh
\looparrowleft
\rightarrowtail
\rightleftharpoons
\Rsh
\looparrowright
\curvearrowleft
\circlearrowleft
\curvearrowright \circlearrowright
\multimap \upuparrows \downdownarrows \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow
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