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Weekly Overview

Week Two

Overview

The recognition and understanding of behavioral/mental disorders has changed over time and across cultures. In many cases, there is no single accepted or consistent cause of mental disorders. Mental disorders have been found to be common, with more than one-third of people in most countries reporting sufficient criteria at some point in their life. Services for mental disorders may be based in hospitals or in the community. Behavioral health professionals diagnose and treat individuals using different methodologies, which will be discussed.

A STRONG COMPONENT OF THE HEALTH PROMOTION AND WELLNESS STRATEGY INCLUDES COMMUNITY EDUCATION AND SUPPORT GROUPS THAT TARGET MANY OF THE MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIORAL CONDITIONS. PROGRAMS AND ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS, AL-ANON, AND NARCOTICS ANONYMOUS WILL BE IDENTIFIED AS RESOURCES NECESSARY TO OPTIMIZE RECOVERY.

WHAT YOU WILL COVER

Mental and Behavioral Health

1. Behavioral Health

a. Examine common behavioral and mental health diseases and their treatment modalities.

1) Developmental Mental Health Disorders

a) Autism

b) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2) Substance-related mental addictions

a) Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, sedatives, depressants, amphetamines, hallucinogens, narcotics, and inhalants

1) Leading to an ultimate change in behavior

3) Organic mental disorders

a) Dementia

b) Delirium

c) Alzheimer’s

4) Psychosis

a) Schizophrenia – split mind

b) Delusional disorders

5) Mood or affective disorders

a) Depression

b) Seasonal Affective Disorder

c) Bi-Polar Disorders

6) Eating disorders

a) Anorexia Nervosa

b) Bulimia

1) Orthorexia

c) Pica

7) Common mental health treatments

a) Prevention

1) “Maintain your Brain” –Alzheimer’s foundation

2) Proper diet

3) Staying alert

4) Practicing new skills

b) Psychotherapy

1) The main treatment for many mental disorders is psychotherapy.

1) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) – Widely used, patterns of thoughts and behavior associated with disorder are modified

2) Psychoanalysis – patient addresses repressed emotions and experiences.

3) Systemic therapy or family therapy – Addresses the interactions of an individual and significant members of the family unit.

c) Medication

1) The main treatment option for many mental disorders is psychiatric medication.

1) Antidepressants – used for patients with moderate to severe depression, anxiety and clinical depression

2) Anxiolytics – used for anxiety disorders

3) Mood stabilizers – used in bipolar disorder treatment to prevent high and low episodes (Lithium and Lamictal are most common)

4) Antipsychotics – used for psychotic disorders (i.e. schizophrenia)

5) Stimulants: – commonly used for ADHD

d) Other treatments

1) Psychoeducation information given to patients to help them understand and manage their problems.

e) Alternative/Complementary Treatments/Integrative Healthcare

1) Creative therapies:

1) music therapy

2) art therapy

3) drama therapy

2) Lifestyle adjustments and supportive measures,

1) Peer support

2) Self-help groups for mental health

3) Supported housing or supported employment

b. Discuss the effects of cultural beliefs and practices on disease manifestation and management.

1) Varied religious and cultural beliefs and superstitions

2) Values

3) Traditions

4) Societal norms – the stigma involved in mental illness

5) Class

6) Cultural barriers include multiplicity of languages

7) Economic barriers include poverty

8) Education

9) Health risks

10) Dietary habits

11) Compliancy based on cultural views/expectations

12) Cultural differences in symptom management

c. Identify community health promotion and wellness strategies.

1) Community education on mental illness

2) Counseling

3) Support groups

a) Work support groups

b) Meetings targeting addiction

1) Alcoholics Anonymous

2) Al-Anon – the generations that can effectively change and deal with the behavior

3) Narcotics Anonymous

4) Gamblers Anonymous

4) Psychiatrists and psychologists

a) Health insurance

b) Employee assistance programs

c) Work support groups

d. Identify the impact of mental and behavioral health diseases on health care resources.

1) Impact on Patient

a) Compromised education; less likely to attend and graduate from school

b) Lowered productivity and poverty

c) Social problems

d) Vulnerability to abuse

2) Impact on Caregivers

a) Economic struggles- generally cannot work full time

b) Increased stress

c) Disruption of household

d) Increase emotional issues

3) Impact on Workforce

a) Lowered individual productivity due to unemployment,

b) Increased time missed at work

c) Increase poverty risk

1) Reduced earnings

2) Employment potential decrease

d) Missed work or reduced productivity at work.

4) Impact on Health Care

a) Increased risk to other health issues

i) Decreased adherence to medical treatment plans

ii) Low quality providers accessed for care

1) Abuse and human rights violations

2) Social stigma ramifications

5) Statistics

a) WHO estimates that 1 in 4 families have a member that have a mental or behavioral health disorder.

6) Costs

a) Developed nations spend between three and four % of Gross National Product. WHO (2001)

b) Mental illness in the United States has cost:

1) more than 4 million workdays and

2) 20 million “work cutback days” due to mental illness. Harvard Medical School (1997)

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