Diagnosing Diseases - NAAE Communities of Practice



Diagnosing DiseasesName of Disease West Nile VirusDescription of DiseaseEncephalitis and/or meningitisSymptomsUncordinated walking, weakness, lethargy, abnormal head posture, brain swelling, headaches, feverSpecies AffectedBirds-crows, bluebirds, and ravens; humans, horses, white tail deer, squirrels, reptilian and amphibiansTransmission RoutesThrough mosquitos & birdsTreatmentNo vaccine is currently available, best method is mosquito controls, cure symptoms not virus: mostly preventionName of Disease: Anthrax Description of Disease:A disease caused by the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Produces extremely potent toxins which are responsible for the ill effects, causing a high mortality rate. A disease of ruminants and humans.SymptomsRuminant animals are often found dead with no indications of illness. Sometimes found with a high fever, muscle tremors and difficult breathing right before the animal collapses and dies. Symptoms may last up to four days.Species AffectedRuminants and HumansTransmission RoutesDoes not spread from animal to animal. The bacteria produce spores on contact with oxygen. If ingested or inhaled by an animal or entered through skin germs can be spread. TreatmentAntibiotic therapy and immunization can control the spread of the disease, but so can:The disposal of dead animals Carcass should not be opened Clean any open wounds. Name of Disease: Erysipelas (The Diamond Skin Disease)Description Caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae(syn, insidiosa). Most common in the dry sow but the organism itself is carried by wild birds. One the bacteria enters the bloodstream is when the disease takes a turn for the worst. SymptomsBlisters.Diamond Shaped lesionsFever, shaking, and chills.Painful, very red, swollen, and warm skin underneath the sore.Skin sore with a raised border.Sores on the cheeks and bridge of the nose.Loss of appetiteCan cause arthritis Can cause abortionsSpecies AffectedSwine, sheep, poultry - From Wild BirdsTransmission RoutesThrough water, bacteria TreatmentpenicillinWhere a large number of sows are involved water medication with amoxycillin or phenoxy-methyl penicillin should be carried out. In prolonged outbreaks in-feed medication using 200-300g/tonne of phenoxymethyl penicillin for two weeks should control disease. Name of Disease Newcastle Disease Description of DiseaseAcute infectious viral fever; contagious disease affecting most domestic and wild avian species and can be transmittable to humans SymptomsNasal discharge, bloody feces, depression, balance problems, tremorsExposure of humans to infected birds (for example in poultry processing plants) can cause mildSpecies Affectedbirds Transmission RoutesTransmission occurs by exposure to faecal and other excretions from infected birds, and through contact with contaminated food, water, equipment, and clothing.NDV is spread primarily through direct contact between healthy birds and the bodily discharges of infected birds.Virus-bearing material can be picked up on shoes and clothing and carried from an infected flock to a healthy one. Treatmentnone Name of Disease BordetellaBordetella (Kennel Cough)Description of DiseaseRespiratory infection. SymptomsDog is hacking, or appears to be choking. Very noticeable respiratory problems. Also a runny nose or eye discharge. Species AffectedHumans (whooping cough), dogs (kennel cough), pigs (atrophic rhinitis) Transmission RoutesDirect contact, or via respiratory aerosol droplets, or formites (something capable to carrying infectious organisms such as skin cells or hair)TreatmentSeparate and seclude the animal. There are commercial treatments available. Keep the animal in a well humidified area and try to minimize strain that could increase respiration rate. ................
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