Rosaura Garci



Congenital Heart DiseaseDefinition: a defect of the heart flow of oxygenated blood that most commonly occur at birthNormal deoxygenated blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, sending deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The oxygenated blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle, which transfers oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.Etiology:Genetics Environmental Combination of both. But yet the cause is UNKNOWNSymptoms & Diagnosing General signs of congenital heart disease:Shortness of breath Chest painA reduced ability to exercise Easily fatiguedDiagnosing:Pulse Oximeter EchocardiogramElectrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)Chest x-raysThere’s 4 types of defects: Ventricular septal defectPatent ductus arteriosisAtrial septal defectPulmonary stenosisThe 2 most common are the ventricular septal defect and patent septal defectVentricular Septal DefectDefinition: a hole in the part of the septum that separates the ventriclesOxygenated blood from the left ventricle passes through the hole of the right ventricle to the lungs instead of going to the bodyPatent Ductus ArteriosusDefinition: occurs at birth where abnormal blood flow occurs between the aorta and the pulmonary arteryIn order to compensate for the lack of oxygenated blood to the body the heart pumps harder and becomes overworkedOccurrence 1%?of the population in U.S or 40,000 births per yearMore than 1 million adults are living with congenital hearts defectsTreatment: Surgical corrections, catheters procedures, or heart transplantMedications: depends on the severity and diagnosedDiuretics DigoxinVasodilators Antiarrhthmics Prostaglandin and prostaglandin inhibitors Dental ConcernsIndicationsTo maintain good oral health because patients with CHD are more susceptible to infective endocarditis leading to periodontal disease and dental caries Contraindications AnxietiesHypertensive episodesInfective endocarditisConsult with a physician Oral Health Implications:Xerostomia CariesPeriodontal diseaseInfective Endocarditis Periodontal managementReview medical and dental history at each appointment The American Heart Association’s Recommendation for pre-meds is to consult the patient’s physician prior to the dental procedure since antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer a requirementPatient must consult with cardiologist as some may still recommend prophylaxisDental Hygiene CarePre-med: antibiotics prophylaxis, but it depends on the severity Patient positioning: Semi-supine or supine Appointment length: short and morning if they are at risk for hypertension or anxiety No contraindication for ultrasonic has been found for this conditionRecall intervals: 3-4 monthsMitral Valve ProlapseDefinition: When the heart pumps, part of one or both flaps collapse backward into the left atrium. In some cases, the prolapsed valve lets a small amount of blood leak backward through the valve, which may cause a heart murmurMost common disorder of the valve that causes regurgitationEtiology: Stretchy valve leaflets myxomatous valve diseaseGeneticsUnknownSymptomsMost patients with mitral valve prolapse are without symptoms but when MVP does cause signs and symptoms it includes:PalpationShortness of breathCoughFatigue, dizziness, or anxietyMigraine headachesChest discomfort Occurrence and PopulationIt affects 2% of the populationMostly commonly occurs in young women People can be born with a genetic risk of developing MVP or it can be cause by other health problems such as connective tissue disease, based on American Heart Association of 2017TreatmentUsually no treatment needed, but need a valve replacement may be possible if symptoms gets worse, such as if the left ventricle gets enlarge or if the heart function gets worseRecommendations: ExercisePain relief, if necessary Relaxation and stress reduction techniquesAvoid caffeine and other stimulants Medications: beta-blockers if patient experiencing tachycardia Dental ConcernsIndicationsTo maintain good oral health because they are susceptible to infective endocarditis leading to periodontal disease and dental caries ContraindicationsHigh risk of infective endocarditis Consult with physician Periodontal Management: Good oral hygieneDental Hygiene CarePre-med:? American Heart Association no longer recommends antibiotics prophylaxis during dental treatment Patient positioning: Semi-supine or supine depending on the severity Appointment Length: short and morning appointmentsNo contraindication for ultrasonic has been found for this conditionRecall Intervals:?varies depending on the severity QUESTIONSWhat are the 2 most common congenital heart defects?Ventricular Septal Deft & Patent Ductus ArteriosisAccording to the American Heart Association, antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended prior to dental treatment.True/FalseWhen the heart pumps, part of one or both flaps collapse backward into the left atrium. This will not cause a heart murmurBoth statement is trueBoth statement is falseFirst statement is true; second statement is falseFirst statement is false; second statement is true ................
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