Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases of the Intestines
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.121: Gastroenterology, Fall 2005 Instructors: Dr. Jonathan Glickman
Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases of the Intestines
Overview
? Vascular disorders
? Vascular "malformations" ? Vasculitis ? Ischemic disease
? Inflammatory disorders of specific etiology
? Infetious enterocolitis ? "Immune-mediated" enteropathy ? Diverticular disease
? Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
? Crohn's disease ? Ulcerative colitis
Sporadic Vascular Ectasia (Telangiectasia)
? Clusters of tortuous thin-walled small vessels lacking muscle or adventitia located in the mucosa and the submucosa
? The most common type occurs in cecum or ascending colon of individuals over the age of 50 and is commonly known as "angiodysplasia"
? Angiodysplasias account for 40% of all colonic vascular lesions and are the most common cause of lower GI bleeding in individuals over the age of 60
Angiodysplasia
Hereditary Vascular Ectasia
? Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) or OslerWebber-Rendu disease
? Systematic disease primarily involving skin and mucous membranes, and often the GI tract
? Autosomal dominant disease with positive family history in 80% of cases
? After epistaxis which occurs in 80% of individuals, GI bleed is the most frequent presentation and occurs in 10-40% of cases
Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM's)
? Irregular meshwork of structurally abnormal medium to large ectatic vessels
? Unlike small vessel ectasias, AVM's can be distributed in all layers of the bowel wall
? AVM's may present anywhere at any age, although some are thought to be congenital
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