What's in a scientific name? - Mrs. Evans' PC Science



Taxonomy Layered Curriculum GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Complete one "layer" before going on to another layer. No more than three assignments will be checked off, by your teacher, on any one day, in any layer. Each assignment has a point value based on the amount of time and effort necessary to complete that task. You must earn the required number of points in any one layer before moving to the next layer. If the activity has an asterisk (*) the activity is a required assignment. Mastery Learners(ML) Interpersonal Learners (IL) Understanding Learner (UL) Self-Expressive Learners (SEL) Work is due on Friday February 27, 2015Level C: Basic Understanding (50 points)Choose a total of 50 points from the assignments below.____ 1. Watch Crash Course Biology Videos # 22, 23, and 25. Take notes while you watch the three videos. (5 pts)____2. Watch Crash Course Biology Videos # 35, 37, 39. Take notes while you watch the three videos. (5 pts)____3. Classification of Organisms WS (2.5 pts)____4. Construct a poster showing the seven levels of classification with examples (5 pts)____5. Create a set of flashcards for identifying the six kingdoms. (5pts)____6. Compose a song or rap that consists of 3 verses and a chorus for either taxonomy or the kingdoms. (5pts)____7. Vocabulary WS (2.5pts)____8. Read about scientific names and write a short paragraph explaining why common names can cause confusion, while scientific names do not (5pts).____9. Watch the BrainPop video and take the quiz on dichotomous keys. Pass with an 80% or better (5 pts).____10. Answer the questions on page 422 # 1 through 24 (5pts).____11. Using Chapter 12, pages 330-357 create an anticipation guide of 8 true/false questions-sample on page 330b. You may not use any of the statements the book provides(5Pts).____12. Create a one pager of information on classification (5 pts).____13. Create a one pager of information on the six kingdoms (5pts).____14. Make a crossword puzzle using at least 10 vocabulary words (2.5pts).____15. Develop a word search that uses 30 vocabulary words (2.5 pts).Level B: Application of Knowledge (20 points)____ *1. Construct a dichotomous key for identifying 8 teachers at Conyers Middle School (descriptions must be appropriate). (10 pts)____*2. Take the Quiz (you must get 80% or higher) (10 pts)Level A: Critical Thinking and Analysis (30 points)Using 2 resources and citing below, write a 1 page paper exploring one of the questions below.? When answering questions the first paragraph should be an introduction and relate the question to class, the second paragraph should give information (pro and con), and the last paragraph should include your conclusion and opinion on the question posed.? All writing should be in your own words!?____ 1. ?Is the new 3 domain classification system better than the current 6 kingdom classification system? (UL)____2. In a group of 2-3, create and perform a skit about discovering and classifying a new organism. (SEL; IL)____3. Complete the lab: Taxonomist for a Day. (ML)Source I Title:Website:Author:Date of Article:Summary:Source II Title:Website:Author:Date of Article:Summary: What's in a scientific name?Scientific names are informativeEvery recognized species on earth (at least in theory) is given a two-part scientific name. This system is called "binomial nomenclature." These names are important because they allow people throughout the world to communicate unambiguously about animal species. This works because there are sets of international rules about how to name animals and zoologists try to avoid naming the same thing more than once, though this does sometimes happen. These naming rules mean that every scientific name is unique. For example, if bluegill sunfish are given the scientific name Lepomis macrochirus, no other animal species can be given the same name. So, if you are a Russian scientist studying relatives of sunfish and you want to discuss bluegill sunfish with a Canadian researcher, you both use the scientific name and know exactly what the other is talking about.Scientific names are also designed to tell you something about the animal's relationships with other animals. The scientific name of each species is made up of a generic name (generic epithet) and a specific name (specific epithet). In our bluegill sunfish example the generic epithet is Lepomis and the specific epithet is macrochirus. The generic epithet is the name of the genus (singular of genera) to which bluegill sunfish belong, the genus Lepomis. Some genera contain only one species but most genera are made up of many species. There are other species of sunfish in the genus Lepomis, examples are Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish), Lepomis megalotis (longear sunfish), and Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed sunfish). Notice that all of these species share the same generic epithet, this indicates that they are all thought to be more closely related to each other than to any other species of fish. The genus is the first level of taxonomic organization, in a way, because all species that are thought to be most closely related, are placed together in a genus.Scientific names are often descriptive also, suggesting something about the animal. For instance, longear sunfishes have long and conspicuous operculum flaps (a hardened structure extending from the gill flap), making them look like they have long ears. The specific name, megalotis, means "big ears." Another example is yellow-headed blackbirds, whose scientific name is Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, which literally means "yellow-headed, yellow head." Scientific names also sometimes bear the names of people who were instrumental in discovering or describing the species. Myotis keenii, "Keen's mouse-eared bat", is named after a gentleman named Keen (Myotis means "mouse-eared"). They may also contain references to regions where the species are found, such as southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, which translates to "southern true-baleen." Finally, some scientific names reflect the common names given to these animals by native peoples, such as Oncifelis guigna, a small, South American cat species called guigna by people of Chile and mon names can be misleadingUnlike scientific names, common names are not unique. As a result, common name usage can lead to confusion about what animal is being referred to and what their relationships are to other animals. An example are "badgers." There are various animals worldwide that are superficially similar, honey badgers (Mellivora capensis), North American badgers (Taxidea taxus), Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), stink badgers (Mydaus javanensis), and ferret badgers (Melogale personata). Although they are all called "badgers" and they are all members of the same mammalian family, they are not each other's closest relatives.There are many examples of confusing and redundant common names, just remember that you can't rely on the common name to tell you anything about the animal's evolutionary history.Scientific names are sometimes changedTaxonomy, the science and process of naming living organisms, is a field that is constantly changing. When our scientific understanding of animal species and their relationships changes, it may mean that scientific names change as well. For example, all small cat species were once included in the genus Felis. They have since been split into multiple genera in order to better represent important evolutionary differences among them. Bobcats were once known by the scientific name, Felis rufus, this name has since been changed to Lynx rufus. Unfortunately, older scientific literature on bobcats will still be found under Felis rufus and some sources may not recognize the name change right away.Some species have come to be known by multiple scientific names. In such cases one name is chosen for the species and the other names are referred to as "synonyms" of the species name. For example, all bats in the genus Lasiurus were once also known by the generic name Nycteris. So Lasiurus borealis would have also been known as Nycteris borealis. The valid, currently recognized name is Lasiurus borealis and Nycteris borealis is considered a synonym.Scientific Names of Plants and AnimalsScientists throughout the world use a common system for naming organisms, this system is known as the binomial nomenclature.?In this system two words are used to name the organisms that represents its generic name and the other its specific epithet. Biological classification is necessary as the number of living things are enormous. New forms of species keep adding on every year. The organisms vary greatly in their form, structure and their mode of life. The organisms needs to be divided into groups and subgroups in a definite plan, so that the study of living things becomes easy.Advantages of using scientific names for an organism are as follows:The scientific name remains the same worldwide and hence is?easily recognizable.The possibility of confusion due multiple names given to the same organism in different parts of the world is eliminated by scientifically naming the organism.?A relationship between different species of organisms in a particular genus can be deduced by scientific names.?It also helps in recognizing or identifying any new organisms discovered.39204901143000Any incorrect name to a particular organism can be corrected.?The scientific names provided are often descriptive and also indicate?some important characteristics of the organisms.The scientific names consists of two terms, the genus name and the species name. The genus name always starts with a capital letter and the species name always starts with a small letter. This process of naming organisms scientifically is known as 'taxonomy'.?Assigning scientific names to organism was first developed by a Swedish scientist 'Carlous Linnaeus'.Anticipation GuideBeforeTrue FalseAfterTrue False___________Evidence___________Evidence___________Evidence___________Evidence___________Evidence___________Evidence___________Evidence___________Evidence ................
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