Consultation in School, Family, and Organizational Systems



Consultation in School, Family, and Organizational Systems

CPSE 610

Fall 2009

T 9:00- 10:50 am

168 MCKB

Instructor: Dr. Rachel E. Crook Lyon Family Consultant: Karolyn Peery

340 Q MCKB B_kpeery@

(801) 422-4375

rachel_crooklyon@byu.edu

Textbook: Dougherty, A.M. (2008). Psychological consultation and collaboration in school and community settings, fifth edition. Brooks/Cole.

Additional Readings:

Lucyshyn, J. M., Dunlap, G., & Albin, R. W. (2002). Families and positive behavior supports: Addressing problem behavior in family contexts. Baltimore: Brookes.

O’Neill, R. E., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W., Sprague, J., Storey, K. & Newton, J. S. (1997). Functional assessment and program development for problem behavior. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Consultation has become a major approach for providing counseling and psychology services to children and adolescents. Consultation emphasizes an increase in problem-solving expertise within a triadic relationship (consultant-consultee-child). Consultation is recognized as an indirect service delivery approach whereby services are delivered by a consultant (the school counseling psychologist or special education teacher) to a consultee (teacher, parent or administrator) who, in turn, provides services to a child in the school or community setting. The indirect approach to service delivery generally is regarded as a “best practice” because it allows the counseling psychologist to impact many more children than could be served through a direct approach. Consultation involves a collaborative relationship in which the consultant is viewed as a facilitator. The emphasis is placed on the collaborative problem-solving process, which occurs during a series of interviews and related assessment activities. Throughout this process, the consultant’s role is to elicit a description of the problem, assist in analyzing the problem, devise a plan for intervention, and monitor the program once implemented. School reform efforts across the United States suggest a tremendous need for the involvement and support of individuals highly skilled in problem-solving and in understanding and facilitating organization change. Consultation is an important competency, which directly impacts change at individual and organizational levels.

Also in the midst of the current climate of education reform, numerous research studies have proven beyond dispute the positive connection between parent involvement and student success. Effectively engaging parents and families in the education of their children has the potential to be far more transformational than any other type of education reform. In fact, the overall importance of parent and family involvement may be the foundation for all other education reforms. The Educate America Act: Goals 2000, goal 8 states: Every school will promote partnerships that will increase parental involvement and participation which promotes the social, emotional and academic growth of children.

The competencies and skills you will learn in this class will allow you to function as effective change agents in the lives of children and families and on a larger system or organizational level. Bringing people together to achieve a common goal will allow you to make significant contributions to your school, community and the field. We hope you will find the information and competencies that you gain from this class experience very valuable.

Objectives:

Demonstrate knowledge of change theory & the ethics of implementing activities to promote change

• Demonstrate sensitivity to multicultural, ethical and moral issues relevant to consultation, change and involvement of parents.

• Identify major sources of consultee difficulty and resistance to change, and demonstrate the knowledge to intervene effectively.

Demonstrate knowledge to use consultation to work effectively with families, educators, and others in the community to promote and provide comprehensive services to children and families.

• Describe eight different types of activities or stages that characterize most instances of consultation.

• Learn skills and develop characteristics, which will allow you to initiate and implement collaboration, consultation and coordination of efforts with various school personnel and parents.

• Demonstrate the knowledge to work with a consultee to identify a target behavior.

• Design a feasible plan for collecting baseline data and work collaboratively with a consultee to develop intervention plans and follow up and evaluation of progress, and implementing modifications as needs arise.

• Develop competencies that allow you to contribute appropriately to staffings, conferences, SEOP and IEP meetings.

• Demonstrate knowledge of the principles to effectively facilitate change at a systems level.

Demonstrate knowledge of methods to involves families in education and service delivery

• Demonstrate knowledge of various family systems models and how each theory views family influences on student development, learning and behavior.

• Identify ways to implement and apply the National Standards for Parent/Family Involvement which include:

1. effective home/school communication,

2. promotion and support of parenting skills,

3. involving parents in meaningful ways to promote student learning,

4. fostering effective parent volunteer programs,

5. promoting collaborative school decision making and advocacy, and

6. facilitating collaboration with community resources.

Weekly Reading Assignments and Discussion Topics (subject to change):

Note: We will typically spend part of class time discussing the readings and part on supervision (practical application).

Date Topic Assignment

Week 1 9/01 Review Course Requirements In class--Meyers (2002)

Overview/Definition/History/Context of Consultation

Proclamation to the Family Activity

Training in Consultation

Week 2 9/08 Introduction to Consultation Ch. 1-2

Skills & Characteristics of Effective Consultants

Diversity Issues

Introduction to family project—Dr. Tina Dyches, Autism Speaks DVD

Week 3 9/15 Consultation with Parents & Families Cox (2005), Lucyshyn (2002),

Characteristics of Consultees Athanasiou et al (2002)

Week 4 9/22 Consultation in School Settings Ch. 3,12, Guli (2005)

Entry Stage of Consultation

Week 5 9/29 Behavioral Techniques in Consultation Ch. 4, 10 Freer & Watson 1999

Diagnosis Stage of Consultation

Week 6 10/06 Organizational Consultation, Ethical Issues Ch. 7-8, Rosenfield (1992)

Family Project Collaboration—Teaching parents to collect data 1st visit reflection

Week 7 10/13 Organizational Consultation Ch. 11,

Family Project Collaboration-Functional Behavior Assessment 2nd visit reflection

Week 8 10/20 Special Education Law Guest Lecturer Reading

Guest Lecturer: Dr. Betty Ashbaker 3rd visit reflection

Week 9 10/27 No Class—Release Time for Family Project 4th visit reflection

Week 10 11/03 Stage of consultation: Implementation Ch. 5, Schiappa (2000),

Working Through Resistance Sterling-Turner et al (2002)

5th visit reflection

Week 10 11/10 Stages of consultation: Disengagement Ch. 6, Stenger et al (2002)

Families Project Collaboration-Teaching Behavior Plan 6th visit reflection

Week 11 11/17 Organizational and Family Systems Presentations and

Papers on Systems Analysis

7th visit reflection

Week 13 11/25 Friday Classes, Thanksgiving Break, No Class!

Week 14 12/01 Models of Consultation: Mental Health Consultation Ch. 9, Conwill (2003)

Adlerian Techniques in Consultation 8th visit reflection

Week 15 12/08 Case Examples of Consultation Ch. 13

Evaluation of the Consultation Process-Tina Dyches

Week 16 TBD Final Exam: Presentation of Consultation Case Studies Consultation Case Studies

Assignments and Grading Criteria:

Quizzes = 75 points 500 – 480 A

Family Collaboration = 100 points 479 – 450 A-

Consultation Circles = 75 points 449 – 430 B+

Systems Evaluation Project = 100 points 429 – 415 B

Case Study = 150 points 414 - 400 B-

500 points

Quizzes (75 points): Students are expected to attend class regularly. Promptness, demonstration of effective interpersonal relations, competent communication skills and professional conduct will all be expected. Quizzes will be given on the weekly readings in the first 5 minutes of class. Avoid leaving class early except for emergencies. Avoid having cell phones ringing during class. Quiz #3 will require you to introduce yourself as the school’s new school psychology practicum student and your vision of the consultation process.

Family Collaboration (100 points): You will demonstrate the knowledge and professional expertise to collaborate with families as well as school and community-based professionals by designing, implementing and evaluating an intervention that effectively responds to the educational and mental health needs of one child. This assignment can be fulfilled by participating in the Family Hope Project or by working with a family at your practicum site.

Consultation Circles (75 points): You will meet each week during class to consult and collaborate with your colleagues about your family collaboration and consultation case study. This is an opportunity to provide and receive feedback from your peers.

The System Evaluation Project (100 points): You will conduct a systems analysis of an organization by applying Morasky’s (1982) principles to a system (family, organization, school). Include two proposed interventions at different levels of the organization (individual, group, intergroup, total organization). In the role of a consultant, you will prepare a 5 minute oral presentation as well as a 2-3 page write-up of your system evaluation.

The Consultation Case Study (150 Points): You will demonstrate your knowledge of collaboration by conducting and reporting on an intervention that responds to the educational and mental health needs of one child. You may use the Family Hope Project project or you may choose a case from your practicum site. Your study shall address each of the following areas:

1) Provide description of the client and the consultee (age, gender, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, etc)

2) History of the consulting relationship (brief summary of the meetings with the consultee, any challenges)

Problem Identification

3) Provide background and context of the problem

▪ Problem is identified in observable, measurable terms

▪ Present level of performance vs. expected level

▪ There is baseline data

Problem Analysis

4) Provide description and analysis of the problem

▪ Assessment methods used

▪ Discussion of hypothesis generated

Intervention

5) Link problem analysis data with goals for intervention

6) Provide specific description of the intervention (individual, group, organizational) and steps for implementation

Evaluation

7) Discuss collaboration efforts with family, school, and /or community-based individuals

▪ Description of and rationale for such

8) Provide outcome data and a discussion of the results of the intervention

▪ Change in behavior/ skills

▪ Progress towards goals

9) If intervention/consultation was not successful, discuss possible influencing factors and modifications that you could have implemented. If intervention/consultation was successful, discuss possible influencing factors and modifications that you could have implemented.

10) Brief summary paragraph on what you learned from this consultation project

This case study should be submitted in a single-spaced typed format. A maximum length of 10 pages (minimum 10 pt. Print) will be accepted. Scoring and evaluative criteria will be reviewed in class. You will prepare a 10 minute presentation complete with overhead or PowerPoint slides to share your work with your colleagues.

Preventing Sexual Harassment:

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination against any participant in an educational program or activity that receives federal funds. The act is intended to eliminate sex discrimination in education and pertains to admissions, academic and athletic programs, and university-sponsored activities. Title IX also prohibits sexual harassment of students by university employees, other students, and visitors to campus. If you encounter sexual harassment or gender-based discrimination, please talk to your professor; contact the Equal Employment Office at 801-422-5895 or 1-888-238-1062 (24-hours), or ; or contact the Honor Code Office at 801-422-2847.

Students With Disabilities:

Brigham Young University and I personally, are committed to providing a working and learning atmosphere which reasonably accommodates qualified persons with disabilities. If you have any disability which may impair your ability

to complete this course successfully, please contact me at the beginning of the semester. You may also want to contact the Services for Students with Disabilities Office (378-2767). Reasonable academic accommodations are reviewed for all students who have qualified documented disabilities. Services are coordinated with the student and instructor by the SSD Office. If you need assistance or if you feel you have been unlawfully discriminated against on the basis of disability, you may seek resolution through established grievance policy and procedures. You should contact the Equal Employment Office at 378-5895, D-282 ASB.

The Systems Evaluation Project

You will conduct a systems analysis on an organizational system (e.g., the front office of your school) or a family system (e.g., your consultation case family).

I. Organizational system:

1. Conduct a systems analysis by applying Morasky’s (1982) principles to the front office of your school:

a. Conduct a general review of the organization

i. Define geographical and functional boundaries

ii. Identify production processes

iii. Identify products

b. Identify input-output boundaries

c. Identify the goals of the organization--Are the current goals clear? Appropriate?

d. Identify target groups—list target groups in terms of priorities, e.g., teachers, administration, pupils, parents, community, lawmakers

e. Describe external support—list environmental factors that interact with the organization (e.g., laws)

f. Describe production processes

g. Identify feedback mechanisms

i. List external sensing mechanisms

ii. List internal feedback mechanisms

h. What are the major constraints placed on the organization at this time--List external constraints and identify internal constraints by subsystem (e.g., principal and secretary)

2. Identify two proposed interventions (acceptant, catalytic, confrontational, prescriptive, & theory/principle, etc) at any of the different levels of the organization (individual, group, intergroup, total organization).

3. In the role of a consultant, prepare a 5 minute oral presentation as well as a 2-3 page written document of your system evaluation and proposal.

II. Family system:

1. Conduct a family systems analysis by applying family systems theory and principles to a family system:

a. Conduct a general review of the family

i. Identify members of the family

ii. Define geographical boundaries (e.g., who lives where? Who shares a room? Where and when do family activities occur?)

b. Compose a family genogram (see attached sheet)

i. Identify closeness, distance, enmeshment, conflict among the family members and extended family.

ii. Identify subsystems in the family—do children assume parental roles or do parents assume children’s roles? Who is the decision maker? Are siblings treated differently and is one favored over another?

c. Identify the goals of the family--Are the current goals clear? Appropriate? What expectations do the parents hold for the child?

d. Communication

i. Is communication clear in the family?

ii. Is it affirming?

e. Describe external support—list environmental factors that interact with the family (e.g., church, school, friends)

f. What are the major constraints placed on the family at this time--List external constraints and identify internal constraints by subsystem (e.g., mother and son collude to exclude father from decision-making)

2. Identify two proposed interventions (acceptant, catalytic, confrontational, prescriptive, & theory/principle, etc) at any of the different levels of the family organization (individual, subsystem, intergroup, total organization).

3. In the role of a consultant, prepare a 5 minute oral presentation as well as a 2-3 page written document of your system evaluation and proposal.

NCSP Case Study Rubric

Section 1: Problem Identification

| |Very Effective |Effective |Needs Development |

| | | | |

| |The student’s behavior is defined in |The student’s behavior is operationally |The student’s behavior is identified |

|1.1 |the context of appropriate grade |defined |but not operationally defined |

| |and/or peer expectations, e.g., local| | |

| |norms | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | |The problem is collaboratively defined |The problem is not collaboratively |

|1.2 | | |defined |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|1.3 |The discrepancy between current and |The behavior is operationally defined or|The behavior is not operationally |

| |desired level of performance is |quantified in terms of both current and |defined in terms of both current and |

| |explained |desired levels of performance |desired levels of performance |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|1.4 |Baseline includes the student |A baseline for the student behavior is |A baseline for the student behavior |

| |behavior and peer/grade norms and |established using sufficient data |is not established or has |

| |expectations with computed trend | |insufficient data |

| |lines | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|1.5 | |The student behavior is identified as a |The student behavior is not |

| | |skill and/or performance deficit |identified as a skill and/or |

| | | |performance deficit |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|1.6 | |Parents/guardians and teachers are |Parents/guardians and teachers are |

| | |involved in the problem-identification |not involved in the |

| | |process |problem-identification process |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Summary | | | |

Section 2: Problem Analysis

| |Very Effective |Effective |Needs Development |

| | | | |

|2.1 |Hypotheses are generated through|One or more hypotheses are developed to |Hypotheses are not developed, hypotheses|

| |collaboration with teacher |identify the functions that the behavior |are developed in only one area and/or |

| |and/or parent |serves and/or the conditions under which |hypotheses are not measurable |

| | |the behavior is occurring or has developed | |

| | |in two or more of the following areas: | |

| | |child factors, curriculum, peers, teacher, | |

| | |classroom, home | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|2.2 |There are multiple sources of |There is evidence that appropriate data are|Appropriate data are not collected to |

| |data that converge on each |collected to confirm or reject the proposed|confirm or reject the hypotheses |

| |proposed hypothesis |hypotheses. Appropriate data include one | |

| | |or more of the following: record review, | |

| | |interview, observation, testing, and self | |

| | |report | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|2.3 | |Hypotheses reflect an awareness of issues |Hypotheses do not reflect an awareness |

| | |of diversity (e.g. physical, social, |of issues related to diversity (e.g. |

| | |linguistic, cultural) |physical, social, linguistic, cultural) |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Summary Comments | | | |

Section 3: Intervention

| |Very Effective |Effective |Needs Development |

| | | | |

|3.1 | |Intervention is linked to observable, |Intervention is not linked to |

| | |measurable goal statement(s) |observable, measurable goal statement |

| | | |(s) |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|3.2 | |Intervention(s) selection is based on data |Intervention(s) selection is not based |

| | |from problem analysis and hypothesis |on data from problem analysis and |

| | |testing |hypothesis testing |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|3.3 | |Intervention(s) is evidence-based (e.g. |Intervention(s) is not evidence-based |

| | |research literature, functional analysis, |(e.g. research literature, functional |

| | |single case design analysis) |analysis, single case design analysis) |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|3.4 | |Intervention(s) is developed |Intervention(s) is not developed |

| | |collaboratively |collaboratively |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|3.5 | |Intervention (s) reflects sensitivity to |Intervention(s) does not reflect |

| | |individual differences, resources, |sensitivity to individual differences, |

| | |classroom practices, and other system |resources, classroom practices, and |

| | |issues. Acceptability of intervention is |other system issues. Acceptability of |

| | |verified |intervention is not verified |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|3.6 | |Logistics of setting, time, resources and |Logistics of setting, time, resources |

| | |personnel are included in the intervention |and personnel are not included in the |

| | |plan |intervention plan |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|3.7 | |Intervention selection considers unintended|Intervention selection does not consider|

| | |outcomes or limitations |unintended outcomes of limitations |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|3.8 | |Intervention is monitored and data are |Treatment integrity is not monitored |

| | |provided to ensure that it is implemented | |

| | |as designed | |

| | | | |

|Summary | | | |

Section 4: Evaluation

| |Very Effective |Effective |Needs Development |

| | | | |

|4.1 |Charting includes student |Progress monitoring data are demonstrated |Progress monitoring data are not |

| |performance trend lines, and/or |on a chart |demonstrated on a chart |

| |goal lines | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|4.2 |Progress monitoring data are |Progress monitoring data are demonstrated |Intervention is not demonstrated to be |

| |demonstrated to be effective when|to be effective when compared to baseline |effective through data comparison |

| |compared to data generated from |data | |

| |multiple sources/settings | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|4.3 |Response to intervention data are|Data are used to inform further problem |Data are not used to inform further |

| |used to inform problem solving |solving and decision making (i.e., |problem solving and decision making |

| |and decision making. Single case|continuation of intervention, modification| |

| |design was specified |of intervention, maintenance of | |

| | |intervention) | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|4.4 |Strategies for |Strategies for transfer/generalizing |Strategies for transfer/generalizing |

| |transfer/generalizing outcomes to|outcomes to other settings are addressed |outcomes to other settings are not |

| |other settings are documented as | |addressed |

| |effective | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|4.5 |Modifications for future |Effectiveness of intervention is shared |Effectiveness of intervention is not |

| |interventions are considered |through collaboration with parents, |shared or communicated |

| |based upon collaborative |teachers, and other personnel | |

| |examination of effectiveness data| | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|4.6 |Strategies for follow-up are |Suggestions for follow-up are developed |Suggestions for follow-up are not |

| |developed and implemented |(e.g., continued progress monitoring, |developed |

| | |transition planning) | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Summary | | | |

DOMAIN I: Data-Based Decision-Making and Accountability

Development Rating: 0 - Not Seen; 1 - Emerging; 2 - Established; 3 - Integrated

Evaluation Rating: 1 - Concern; 2 - Satisfactory; 3 - Commendable

|Data-Based Decision-Making and Accountability |Self-Evaluation |Supervisor’s Evaluation |

|COMPETENCIES |Develop |Evaluation |Develop |Evaluation |

|Demonstrates knowledge and use of varied models and methods of assessment | | | | |

|Demonstrates ability to translate assessment results into empirically-based services | | | | |

|Demonstrates ability to evaluate the outcomes of services | | | | |

|Demonstrates knowledge and use of effective data-based problem solving processes | | | | |

DOMAIN II: Consultation and Collaboration

Development Rating: 0 - Not Seen; 1 - Emerging; 2 - Established; 3 - Integrated

Evaluation Rating: 1 - Concern; 2 - Satisfactory; 3 - Commendable

|Consultation and Collaboration |Self-Evaluation |Supervisor’s Evaluation |

|COMPETENCIES |Develop |Evaluation |Develop |Evaluation |

|Demonstrates knowledge and application of various consultation models | | | | |

|Collaborates with others in planning and decision-making processes at the individual, | | | | |

|group, and system levels | | | | |

|Demonstrates use of effective collaboration skills with individuals of diverse | | | | |

|backgrounds and characteristics | | | | |

|Employs positive interpersonal skills and effective listening | | | | |

|Demonstrates flexibility, tolerance of opposing viewpoints, and patience in difficult | | | | |

|situations | | | | |

DOMAIN VIII: Home/School/Community Collaboration

Development Rating: 0 - Not Seen; 1 - Emerging; 2 - Established; 3 - Integrated

Evaluation Rating: 1 - Concern; 2 - Satisfactory; 3 - Commendable

|Home/School/Community Collaboration |Self-Evaluation |Supervisor’s Evaluation |

|COMPETENCIES |Develop |Evaluation |Develop |Evaluation |

|Demonstrates knowledge of family systems, including family strengths and influences on | | | | |

|student development, learning, and behavior | | | | |

|Demonstrates knowledge and application of methods to involve families in education and | | | | |

|service delivery | | | | |

|Demonstrates knowledge of cultural issues that impact home-school collaboration | | | | |

|Demonstrates knowledge of other family, home, and community factors that work to support| | | | |

|learning and achievement in school | | | | |

|Demonstrates ability to apply this knowledge to design, implement, and evaluate programs| | | | |

|that promote school, family, and/or community partnerships and enhance academic and | | | | |

|behavioral goals for students | | | | |

|Provides support and assistance for parents when participating in school functions or | | | | |

|activities to help them become comfortable, active, effective participants | | | | |

|Demonstrates knowledge about school and community resources; helps create links between | | | | |

|schools, families, and community agencies; and helps coordinate services when | | | | |

|programming for children, including multiple agencies | | | | |

Oral Presentation Grading Scale

Speaker _________________________ Topic: _________________________ Grade _____

Delivery Superior Adequate Poor

|Dress and Grooming | | | | | |

|Voice (volume, pitch, pace, clarity) | | | | | |

|Poise, naturalness, confidence | | | | | |

|Eye Contact | | | | | |

|Knowledge of subject | | | | | |

|Adaptation of subject to audience | | | | | |

Organization

|Interesting opening | | | | | |

|Clear purpose | | | | | |

|Clear plan of development | | | | | |

|Limited number of points | | | | | |

|Appropriate emphasis on each point | | | | | |

|Adequate examples, details, or reasons | | | | | |

|Smooth transitions | | | | | |

|Effective ending (clear, sense of closure) | | | | | |

Resources

|Report adapted well to setting | | | | | |

|A/V aids augment spoken message | | | | | |

|A/V aids clearly audible/visible | | | | | |

|A/V aids simple | | | | | |

|A/V aids handled smoothly | | | | | |

|Time used well (5 points off for every minute speech goes over | | | | | |

|allotted time) | | | | | |

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