Test Scores, Norms, and Score Interpretation
Test Scores, Norms, and Score Interpretation
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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What We Will Cover in This Section.
? Test scores ? Norms
? Types of interpretation
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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Raw Score
Count or sum of the number of items endorsed
or number of items correctly answered.
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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1
Norms
Norm Norms Norming
Behavior that is usual or typical for members of a group.
Reference scores against which an individual's scores are compared.
Process of establishing norms for a test.
Norman
A fat guy who drinks beer in Cheers.
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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Establishing Norms
1. Target population. 2. Standardization sample. 3. Norm Group.
- Size. - Geographic representation. - Socioeconomic level. - Ethnic composition.
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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2
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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Types of Norms
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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Reference Groups
? National norms. ? Regional norms. ? Local norms. ? Sub-group norms.
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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3
Valid
Missing Total
Table 2. Word, raw score: Total Sample
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total System
Frequency 1 9
24 31 40 12 19 15
1 1 153 11 164
Percent .6
5.5 14.6 18.9 24.4
7.3 11.6
9.1 .6 .6
93.3 6.7
100.0
Valid Percent .7
5.9 15.7 20.3 26.1
7.8 12.4
9.8 .7 .7
100.0
Cumulative Percent .7 6.5 22.2 42.5 68.6 76.5 88.9 98.7 99.3 100.0
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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Valid
Table 6. Word, raw score: Undergraduate Students
6 7 8 9 11 12 Total
Frequency 3
14 11
7 1 1 37
Percent 8.1
37.8 29.7 18.9
2.7 2.7 100.0
Valid Percent 8.1
37.8 29.7 18.9
2.7 2.7 100.0
Cumulative Percent 8.1 45.9 75.7 94.6 97.3 100.0
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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Valid
Table 9. Word, raw score: Graduate Students
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total
Frequency 1 6
10 20 33 12 18 14
1 1 116
Percent .9
5.2 8.6 17.2 28.4 10.3 15.5 12.1
.9 .9 100.0
Valid Percent .9
5.2 8.6 17.2 28.4 10.3 15.5 12.1
.9 .9 100.0
Cumulative Percent .9 6.0 14.7 31.9 60.3 70.7 86.2 98.3 99.1 100.0
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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4
Developmental: Age Norms
? Uses.
? Initially for establishing `mental age'.
? BASAL AGE highest age at and below which all tests are passed.
? Issues.
? Mental age units are not constant with chronological age.
? Rapid growth spurts.
? Not an interval scale.
? Cannot be interpreted as overall performance.
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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Developmental: Grade Norms
? Uses.
? Educational achievement tests.
? May be expressed in years and months.
? Issues.
? Instructional content varies from school to school.
? Not really relevant at high school level.
? Interpretation.
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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Developmental: Ordinal Scales
? Uses.
? Behavioral and cognitive development.
? Piaget. ? Gesell.
? Issues.
? Assume one level is prerequisite to the next.
PSY 721 Scores and Norms
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5
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