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Textbooks are an integral part of each student's life. They take special importance in primary education as they are the only source of official teaching material. The resume for Samacheer Kalvi 6th Class Textbooks is established by the Tamil Nadu State Council of Educational Research and Training (TNSCERT) and published by the Department of Education, Tamil Nadu Government. Students can refer to these books by Samacheer Kalvi Class 6 and review the entire content to pass the final exams. With the introduction of an up-to-date program, the new books of Samacheer kalvi 6th download pdf have a modern design and layout and examples and solved problems include everyday topics. Student finds these samacheer books kalvi 6th more engaging and learning is made more enjoyable. To get the complete books of downloadable kalvi samacheer also refer to CoolGyan? ?S.Download Samacheer Kalvi 6th class Subject Essays LibriMaths TextbookScienza TextbookSocial Science TextbookEnglish TextbookDownload Samacheer Kalvi 6th class Books PDFAll the questions that appear in the intermediate and final exams are taken from solved examples and practice questions from the textbook. Therefore, solving all the problems of practice and making detailed notes to answer all questions of textbooks is very important. Students can get free downloadable pdfs of all textbooks of Samacheer Kalvi 6-10 classes from here. Students can also refer to the sample document of the Tamigi Nadu downloadable by CoolGyan? ?S. Stay tuned and updated! TN School Books for Class 6th to 12th Standards PDF below for free download. Class 6th a 10th Std English, Tamil, Mathematics, Science and Social Sciences Books are listed in Term 1st, 2nd, 3rd Essay. TN Class 11a and 12a Std all the books object Volume 1 and 2 below. All Tamil Nadu textbooks are available for English and Tamil Medium. Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Books 20-2021, available in both Tamil and Middle English. Old Syllabus Textbooks 2019, 2018, 2017 Publication also for all classes below. Samacheer Books is the main source for TNPSC, TRB, and other state government examinations. See the school book Tamil Nadu for class 6th to 12th Samacheer Kalvi Books PDF below: TN Class 6th to 12th Standard Books PDF: Samacheer Kalvi Books for class 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th all topics link given below. 6th to 10th std English, Tamil, Mathematics, Science and Science and Science and Social Sciences Download free PDF . Samacheer Kalvi eleventh and twelfth standard book for all topics volume 1 and volume 2 below. Check the link to see the themed books. 6th Std Books 7th Std Books 8th Std Books 9th Std Books 10th Std Books 11th Std12th Std Books For Tamil Nadu State Syllabus Class 1st to 5th Books Controlla il link? ? ? Samacheer Kalvi 1st to 5th Books. Samacheer Kalvi 6th Books, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Books, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Books. 9th std Samacheer Kalvi Books, Samacheer Kalvi 10th Books. Samacheer Kalvi 11 libri, Samacheer Kalvi 12 libri PDF gratis gratis tn class 6th to 12th std old and new syllabus book available for free download in pdf format. school books available for government exams tnpsc, tet, trb and tamil nadu. check the old and new link of the program given above to download tn books. get? tamilnadu state board books solutions? of the new 2020-2021 program edition by state board of school exams tamilnadu for all classes and subjects in medium and medium tamil on SamacheerKalvi. Guide. We provide step by step tamilnadu state board books answers, solutions guide? for class 12th, 11th, 10th, 9th, 8th, 7th, and 6th, 5th, 4th, 3rd, 2nd, 1st standard? all topics. you can also download the tamilnadu state board textbooks solutions? with a free pdf download option. tn board text books solutions for class 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th std tamilnadu state board new syllabus samacheer kalvi books, maths, science, social science, english pdf free download of book back questions and answers, solutions, chapter w important questions students can also get old and new 2020-2021 tamilnadu samacheer kalvi books? in tamil medium and English medium with free pdf download for classes 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12. 11 questions and answers samacheer kalvi 10th solutions samacheer kalvi 9th books solutions samacheer kalvi 8th books solutions samacheer kalvi 7 books solutions samacheer kalvi 6th books solutions samacheer kalvi If you have questions about samacheer kalvi books solutions, please leave a comment below and we will reply as soon as possible. you can download samacheer kalvi 6th social science book solutions guide pdf, tamilnadu state board will help you review the full program and get more votes in the exams. tamilnadu samacheer kalvi 6th social science history solutions term 3 chapter 3 The age of empires: guptas e vardhanas samacheer kalvi 6th social science the age of empires: guptas and vardhanas text evaluation i. choose the correct answer: Question 1. _______ was founder or gupta dynasty. (a) chandragupta i (b) sri gupta (e) vishnu gopa (d) vishnugupta reply: (b) application n. 2.Prashasti was composed of: a) Kalidasa (b) Amarasimha AmarasimhaHarisena (d) Dhanvantri Answer: (c) Harisena Question 3. Chandragupta's monolithic iron pillar is at ________ (a) Mehrauli (b) Bhitari (c) Gadhva d) Mathura Answer: Question 4. ...... was the first Indian to explain the surgery process. (a) Charaka (b) Sushruta (c) Dhanvantri (d) Agnivasa Answer: Question 5. _______ was the governor Gauda del Bengala. (a) Sasanka (b) Maitraka (c) Rajavardhana (d) Pulikesin 11 Reply: Sasanka II. Match the statement with the reason and select the appropriate answer: Question 1. (A): Chandragupta 1 was crowned as a monarch of a great kingdom after eliminating various small states in northern India. Reason (R): Chandragupta I married Kumaradevi of the Lichchavi family. a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. b. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A. c. A is correct but R is not correct. D. A is incorrect, but R is correct. Answer: (a) Both A and R are real and R is the correct explanation of A Question 2. Declaration I: Chandragupta II did not have a cordial relationship with the rulers of South India. Declaration II: The divine theory of royalty was practiced by the rulers of the Gupta. a. Declaration I is wrong, but Declaration II is correct. b. Declaration II is wrong, but the statement I have is correct. C. Both statements are correct. Q. Both statements are wrong. Answer: (a) I am wrong, but the statement II is correct. Which of these is arranged in chronological order? a. Srigupta ? Chandragupta I ? Samudragupta ? Vikramaditya b. Chandragupta I ? Vikramaditya ? Srigupta ? Samudragupta c. Srigupta ? Samudragupta ? Vikramaditya ? Chandragupta I d. Vikramaditya ? Srigupta ? Samudragupta (a) Srigupta ? Chandragupta I ? Samudragupta ? Vikramaditya Question 4. Consider the following statements and find out which of the following statements / s) is / are correct loan money at a high interest rate has been practiced. Ceramics and mining were the most flourishing industries. a. 1. is correct b. 2. is correct c. Both 1 and 2 are correct d. Both 1 and 2 are wrong Answer: (a) 1. Question 5 is correct. I'm looking for the weird one. Answer: Samudragupta Reason: Samudragupta was a king. Others don't. 2. Ratnavali, Harshacharita, Nagananda, Priyadharshika. Answer: Harshacharita Reason: Harshacharita was written by Banabhatta. The other three were written by Harsha. III. Fill the blanks: ________ the king of Ceylon was a contemporary of Samudragupta. A Buddhist monk from China ________ visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______ was the main result of the government. The official language of the Guptas fu________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________was defeated by Samudragupta. ______ was the popular king of the Vardhana dynasty. Harsha moved its capital______ to Kanauj. Answer: Sri Meghavarman Fahine Hun Land Tax Sanskrit Vishnugopal Harsha Thaneswar IV. State whether True or False: Dhanvantri was a famous scholar in the field of medicine. Structural temples built during the Gupta period resemble the Indo-Arian style. Sati was not practiced in the Gupta Empire. Harsha belonged to the Hinayana school of thought. Harsha was known for his religious intolerance. Answer: True False False False False False V. Match the following: A a. Mihirakula 1. Astronomy b. Aryabhatta "2. Kumaragupta v. Painting ?" 3. Skandagupta d. University of Nalanda 4. Caravan Trader and. Sartavaga "5. Bagh (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (b) 2, 4, 1, 2, 5 (c) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 (d) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 Answer: (c) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 B a. Bana ?"10,000 students b. Harsha "2. Prayag v. University of Nalanda 3. Harshacharita d. It's called "Tsang" 4. Ratnavali and. Buddhist Assembly ?" 5 Si-Yu-Ki a) 4,3,2,1,5 b) 5,2,1,3,4 c) 3,5,1,2,4 d) 2,1,3,4,5 Answer: 3,4,1,5,2 VI. Answer in one or two sentences. Question 1. Who was given the title of Kaviraja? Why? Answer: Samudragupta received the title of Kaviraja. Because he was a lover of poetry and music. Question 2. What subjects did they teach at Nalanda University? Answer: Buddhism Yoga Vedic Literature Medicine Question 3. Explains the Divine Theory of Royalty. Answer: The Divine Theory of Royalty was practiced by the Gupta rulers. The king is the representative of God on earth. He answers only to God and not to anyone else. Question 4. Highlight the success of Guptas in metallurgy. Answer: The success of Guptas in metallurgy was the Iron Pillar Mehrauli. King Chandragupta installed him in Delhi. This pillar has lasted through the centuries without rusting. Question 5. Who were the Huns? Answer: The Huns were the nomadic tribes. They were terrorizing Rome and Constantinople. The White Huns arrived in India via Central Asia. They were creating problems for all the border states in India. Question 6. Name the three types of taxes collected during the reign of Harsha. Answer: Question 7. Name the books Harsha wrote. Answer: Ratnavali Nagananda Priyadharshika VII. Briefly answer the following question: Question 1. Write a note about Prashasti. Answer: Prashasti is a Sanskrit word, meaning praise or "in praise of". Court poets flattered their kings by listing their successes. These accounts were then engraved on pillars so that people could read them. The Prayog Prashasti, composed by the court poet of Samudragupta, Harisena, was engraved on the Column of Allahabad. This inscription in the column of Allahabad is the main source of information for the kingdom of Samudragupta. Question 2. Give an account of Samudragupta's military conquests. Answer: Samudragupta was a great general. He defeated Vishnugop, the Pallava ruler in the south. He conquered nine kingdoms in North India. He reduced 12 rulers southern to the status of feudal lords and forced them to pay tributes. He received the homage from the rulersEastern Bengal, Assam, Nepal, the eastern part of Punjab, and various tribes of Rajasthan. Question 3. Describe land classification during the Gupta period. Answer: (i) Land classification during the Gupta period. A. Kshetra ? Farming lands b. Khila ?Land desolata? c. Aprahata ? Wild land or forest d. Vasti ? Eatable land and. Gapata Saraha "Pastoral land" (ii) Land tax was the main revenue for the government. (iii) The condition of the peasants was pathetic. They were required to pay various taxes. They were reduced to the position of servants. Question 4. Write about Sresti and Sarthavaha traders. Answer: The contribution of traders to the development of the Gupta economy was very impressive. There were two types of traders, namely Sresti and Sarthavaha. Sresti traders usually settled in a standard place. Sarthavaha merchants were caravan traders carrying their goods in different places. Commercial articles varied from everyday products to value and luxury goods. The Guptas developed roads connecting different parts of the country. Question 5. Evide the contribution of guptas to architecture. Answer: The Guptas were the first to build temples, which evolved from the previous tradition of sanctuaries carved into the rock. Decorated with towers and elaborate sculptures, these temples were dedicated to all Hindu deities. The most important caves dug into the rock are located in Ajanta and Ellora (Maharashtra), Bagh (Madhya Pradesh) and Udaygiri (Odisha). The structural temples built in this period recall the characteristics of the dravid style. Two remarkable examples of metal sculpture Gupta are a copper image of Buddha about 18 feet tall in Nalanda. Sultanganj Buddha, seven and a half feet tall. The paintings of Gupta are on the fresco of the caves of Ajanta and the cave of Bagh in Gwalior. Question 6. Names Kalidasa's works. Answer: Works of Kalidasa: Drama: Sakunthala, Malavikagnimitra, and Vikramaoorvashiyam. Other works are Meghaduta, Raghuvamsa, Kumarasambava and Ritusamhara. Question 7. Harshvardhana value as a poet and playwright. Answer: Harsha, himself a poet and a playwright, gathered around him the best poets and artists. Harsha's popular works are Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyadharshika. His royal court was adorned by Banabhatta, Mayura, Hardatta and Jayasena. VIII. Question 1. The gold coins issued by the kings Gupta indicate __________ a. the availability of gold mines in the kingdom b. the ability of the people to work with gold c. the prosperity of the kingdom d. the extravagant nature of kings Answer: c. the prosperity of the kingdom Question 2. The famous ancient paintings of Ajanta were painted on walls of the caves (b) temple ceilings (c) rocks (d) papyrus Answer: (a) cave walls Question 3. The period of Gupta is remembered for _________ a.in literature and art b. expeditions in southern India. c. Invasion of Unni d. religious tolerance Answer: a. rebirth in literature andQuestion 4. What did Indian scientists achieve in astronomy and mathematics during the Gupta period? Answer: The invention of Zero and the subsequent evolution of the decimal system in the modern world. Aryabhatta explained the true causes of solar and lunar eclipses. He was the first Indian astronomer to declare that the Earth rotates on its axis. IX. Student Activity Question 1. Compare and compare the company of Guptas with that of Mauryas. Maurian Society: According to Megastenes, the Greek historian, the ancient Maurian society comprised seven divisions, that is, philosophers, peasants, soldiers, shepherds, artisans, magistrates and advisers, which were called castes. In ancient Mauritanian society, farmers formed the largest group and became the center of agriculture in society. The caste system was widespread. Women were also engaged in a variety of activities such as archers, royal bodyguards, spies and executioners. But women were mostly dominated by their male colleagues. Wisdom had a very honorable place in society. Offenses against women were dealt with severely. An urban lifestyle developed. Education became quite widespread. Slavery in India was beginning to make its appearance. Gupta Society: The company has joined the four-vama system. According to the laws of Manu, which was in force, women should be under the protection of their father, husband or eldest son. Polygamy was widely prevalent. Kings and feudal lords often had more than one wife. The inscriptions refer to Kubernaga and Dhruvasvamini as the queens of Chandragupta II. Sati was practiced during the Gupta rule. X. Life Skills: Question 1. Collect information on the contributions of Aryabhatta, Varahamihira and Brahmagupta to astronomy. Answer: Aryabhatta: Aryabhatta (476-550 AD) was the first of the leading mathematicians and astronomers of the classical Indian mathematics and astronomy. His main work, Aryabhatiya, is a compendium of mathematics and astronomy. Aryabhatiya covers several branches of mathematics such as algebra, arithmetic, and plane and spherical trigonometry. Aryabhatta discovered the position of nine planets and expressed that they too revolve around the sun. He also provided the circumference and measurement of the Earth and the radius of the orbits of 9 planets. Aryabhatta declared that the moon has no light of its own. He concluded that the earth is round. He also said it rotates on its axis, which is why we have days and nights. He focused on some geometric and trigonometric parts of the celestial sphere still used to study stars. In his old age, Aryabhatta composed another treatise "Aryabahatta" Siddhanta. It is the booklet for the daily astronomical calculation for the execution of rituals. Even today, the astronomical data provided in this text are used for the preparation of panchangs (Indian calendars). first Indian satellite Aryabhatta was appointedAbout him. Varahamihira: Varahamihira was an Indian astronomer, mathematician and astrologer originally from Ujjain. Varahamihira is considered one of the Nine Gems (Navarathnas) of the court of the ancient ruler Yashodarman. His knowledge of Western astrology was extensive, but he was also very interested in astrology and the horoscope.His father was a worshiper of the Sun God and he taught astrology. Varahamihira was a scientist. He declared that the earth was spherical. He was the first to argue that a "force" could hold bodies attached to Earth. This force is now called gravity. He proposed that the moon and planets are luminous not because of their own light but because of the sunlight. His book Panchasiddhantika on mathematical astronomy is one of the most important sources for the history of Indian astronomy. His 106-chapter Brihat-Samhita encyclopedia includes planetary movements, eclipses, rainfall, clouds, crop growth, various rituals. Brahmagupta (598-668 CE): Brahmagupta was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He wrote some important works on both mathematics and astronomy. His most famous work is "Brahmasphutasiddanta". Brahmagupta explained how to find the cube and cuberoot. He was the first mathematician known to treat zero as a number in its own right. He devoted a substantial part of his work to geometry and trigonometry.Since the Moon is closer to the Earth than the Sun, the degree of the illuminated part of the Moon depends on the relative position of the Sun and the Moon. This can be calculated from the size of the angle between the bodies. In his treatise, Khandakhadyaka explored the longitudes of planets, diurnal rotation, lunar and solar eclipses, ascent and sunset, etc. Question 2. Visit a nearby ISRO centre to learn more about the satellite launch. Answer: ISRO: The Indian Space Research Organization is the Indian government's space agency. Its headquarters is in the city of Bangalore. It was established in 1969. He built the first Indian satellite "Aryabhatta" in 1975. Satellite Launch: Usually, the word "Satellite" refers to a machine launched into space and moving around the Earth or another body in space. The Moon is an example of a natural satellite. Thousands of artificial or artificial satellites orbit the Earth. India has two operational carriers: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle (GSLV). XI. Grid Answer: Who was Toromana? Ans: Head of the Huns Appoint the top officials of the Gupta Empire. Answer: Dandanayakas and Mahadanayakas Name the Gupta kings who performed the Asvamedha yagna. Answer: Samudra Gupta Kumaragupta I Name of the book explaining the causes of lunar and solar eclipses. Answers: Surya Siddhanta Appoint the first Gupta king to find a place on coins. Answer: Sri Guptha Who Was main source of information about the kingdom of Samudragupta? Ans: pillar Allahabad AllahabadHarsha was the lover in the beginning. Answer: Lord Shiva University reached its fame during the Harsha period. Answers: Nalanda Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science The Age Of Empires: Guptas And Vardhanas Additional questions I. Choose the correct answer: Question 1. Devichandraguptam was written by _______ (a) Visakhadatta (b) Harisena (c) Bana (d) Harsha Answer: (a) Visakhadatta Question no. 2. "Nitisara" emphasizes the importance of "Agriculture" (d) Treasury Answer: (d) Treasury Question 3. Vishnugopa was the ruler of _________ (a) Cheras (b) Pandyas (c) Pallava (d) Cholas Answer: (c) Pallava Question 4. Gupta coins were known as Dinara: (a) Copper (b) Silver (c) Bronze (d) Gold Answer: (d) Gold Question 5. Srimeghavarman was a contemporary of _________ (a) Chandragupta I (b) Sri Gupta (c) Samudragupta (d) Narasimhagupta Answer: (c) Samudragupta Question 6. Nitisara was written by _______ (a) Kalidasa (b) Visakhadatha (c) Kamandaka (d) Harisena Answer: (c) Kamandaka Question 7. Hinayana and Mahayana were the two sects of (a) Vaishnavism (b) Saivism (c) Buddhism (d) Jainism Answer: (c) II Buddhism. Match the statement with the reasoning and mark the appropriate answer: Question 1. Assertion (A): The contribution of traders to the development of Gupta?s economy has been very impressive. Reason (R): The Guptas have developed roads connecting different parts of the country. A. Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A. b. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. c. A is correct, but R is not correct. d. A is not correct, but R is correct. Answer: (b) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A Question 2. Statement I: Kumaragupta built the famous University of Nalanda. Statement II: Fahien spent many years studying Buddhism at Nalanda University. A. Declaration I is wrong, but declaration II is correct. b. Declaration II is wrong, but declaration I is correct. c. Both statements are wrong. d. Both statements are correct. Answer: (b) Declaration II is incorrect, but Declaration I is correct Question 3. Consider the following statements and find out which of the following statements is correct. Lichchhavi was the old gana-sanga. Srigupta was given the title of ?"Kaviraja?" to. 1 is correct b. 2 is correct c. Both 1 and 2 are correct. d. Both 1 and 2 are wrong Answer: a. 1 is correct Question 4. Look for the odd one. Question 1. Kshetra, Vasti, Nitisara, Khila. Answer: Nitisara Reason: Nitisara is a book, while the other three were the classification of lands in the Gupta period. Question 2. Pataliputra, Benaras, Magadha, Mathura Answer: Magadha Reason: Magadha was an ancient kingdom, while the other three were the famous malls. Third. Fill the blanks: Hiuen Tsang author _________ Fahien visited the _ The last of the great Gupta was _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The last recognized king of the Gupta Empire was ________ The espionage system ofGupta was known as __________ The Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled by _______ Harsha moved its capital from Thaneswar to __________ Sasanka of Bengal hostile to _______ Harsha met the Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang at _______ Harsha built the charity institution to take care of the ________________________ Answer: Si-Yu-Ki Chandragupta II Baiaditya /Narasimha Gupta I Vishnugupta Dutakas Thaneswar Channel Harsha Kajangala Sick and Poor IV. True or False: The surname Devaraja of which Vikramaditya. Chandragupta II built the University of Nalanda. Aprahata meant jungle or forest land. The traders of Sresti were traders of caravans. Asvamedha Yagna means sacrificial rite of the horse. Answer: True False True False True V. Game: A Kalidasa ?" 1. Architect Sanku 2. Doctor Varahamihira ?"3. Sanskrit poet Dhanvantri ?"4. Wizard Vittalbhatta ?"5. Astronomer a) 1,3,2,4,5 b) 3,5,1,2,4 c) 3,1,5,2,4 d) 4,2,3,1,5 Answer: c) 3,1,5,2,4 B Amarasimha ?" 1. Grammar Kahapanaka "2. Sanskrit poet Varauchi ?"3. Lexicographer Harisena ?" 4. Hinayana Buddhism 5. Astrologer a) 1,2,3,4,5 b) 3,5,1,2,4 c) 4,5,3,1,2 d) 5,3,2,4,1 Answer: b) 3,5,1,2,4 VI. Answer in one or two sentences Question 1. Who was Srigupta? Answer: Srigupta is considered the founder of the Gupta dynasty. He is believed to have ruled over parts of present-day Bengal and Bihar. He was the first Gupta Governor to appear on the coins. He was succeeded by his son Ghatotkacha. Question 2. What do you know about Kaviraja? Answer: On one of the gold coins issued by Samudragupta, he is depicted playing the harp (Veena). He was a lover of poetry and music and for this he earned the title of ?"Kaviraja7. Question 3. Mention the surnames of Chandragupta II. The surnames of Chandragupta II were Vikramaditya, Narendrachandra, SimhachandraJ Narendrasimha, Vikrama Devaraja, Devagupta and Devasri. Question 4. What do the seals and inscriptions reveal about the military administration of Gupta? Answer: The seals and inscriptions mention military denominations such as baladhikrita and mahabaladhikrita (Commander of Infantry and Cavalry respectively). The espionage system included spies known as dutaka. Question 5. What were the metals used by the Gupta? Answer: Guptas used iron, gold, copper, tin, lead, brass, bronze, metal bell, mica, manganese, and red plaster. Question 6. Was there the development of Sanskrit grammar during the Gupta period? Answer: The Gupta period saw the development of Sanskrit grammar based on the grammar of Panini and Patanjali, who wrote Ashtadhyayi and Mahabhashya respectively. Question 7. Why did Harsha embrace Buddhism? Harsha embraced Buddhism under the influence of his sister Rajyashri and the Buddhist monk and traveler Hiuen Tsang. Question 8. As a Buddhist, what are Harsha's contributions? Answer: Harsha belonged to the Mahayana school of thought. Harsha treated Vedic scholars and Buddhist monks at way and distributed Charity equally to them. He was the last Buddhist ruler in India. In the quality of Buddhist, Harsha stopped killing animals for food. VII. Answer to the following: Question 1. Write a note about Chandragupta II. Answer: Chandragupta II was the son of Samudragupta. He was also known as Vikramaditya. He conquered West Malwa and Gujarat by defeating the Saka rulers. He maintained a friendly relationship with the rulers of South India. The iron column near Qutub Minar is believed to have been built by Vikramaditya. Fahien, a Buddhist scholar from China, visited India during his region. Vikramaditya is said to have gathered the greatest writers and artists [Navaratna (Nine Jewels) ] in his court. He was succeeded by Kumaragupta Question 2. What do you know about society during the Gupta government? Answer: The society that adhered to the four vama system was patriarchal. "Manu" was in force. Women should be under the protection of their father, husband or eldest son. Polygamy was widely prevalent. Kings and feudal lords often had more than one wife. The sati was practiced during the Gupta domain. Question 3. Write a note about the University of Nalanda. Answer: The University of Nalanda flourished under the patronage of the Gupta Empire in the 5th and 6th centuries and later under Emperor Harsha of Kanauj. In Nalanda, Buddhism was the main subject of study. Other subjects such as Yoga, Vedic literature and medicine were taught. Hiuen Tsang spent many years studying Buddhism at the University. Eight Mahapatashalas and three large libraries were located on campus. Nalanda was devastated and destroyed by the Turkish Muslims. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Question 4. Explain Gupta's monetary system under Samudra Gupta. Answer: Samundragupta introduced the Gupta monetary system. The Kushana coins provided inspiration to Samudragupta. The Gupta coins were known as Dinara. Gupta?s issued many gold coins but relatively fewer silver and copper coins. However, the post-Gupta period saw a decline in the circulation of gold coins, indicating the decline of the Empire's prosperity. Question 5. Write about the conquests of Harshavardhana. Answer: The most popular king of the Vardhana dynasty was Harshavardhana. He ruled for 41 years. Its feudal lords included those of Jalandhar, Kashmir, Nepal and Valabhi. Sasanka of Bengal remained hostile to him. It was Harsha who unified most of northern India. He maintained a cordial relationship with the rulers of Iran and China. But the extension of his authority in the south was controlled by Chalukya King Pulikesin II. The kingdom of Harsha rapidly disintegrated into small states after his death in 648 AD Question 6. Who was Hiuen Tsang? Answer: Hiuen Tsang, the Chinese traveler, known as the "Prince of Pilgrims", visited India during the reign of Harsha. His book "Si-yu-ki" provides detailed information on the conditions economic, religious and cultural life of India during the Harsha period. Hiuen Tsang tells us how Harsha, although a Buddhist, went to participate in the great held at Prayag. Question 7. Mention of the significance of meetings held at a) Kanauj b) Prayag. Answer: a. Assembly held in Kanauj: The assembly in Kanauj was attended by 20 kings. A large number of Buddhist, Jain and Vedic scholars attended the assembly. The golden Buddha statue was consecrated in the monastery and a small three-legged Buddha statue was carried in procession. b. Assembly in Prayag: At the Prayag assembly, Harsha distributed his wealth among Buddhists, Vedic scholars and the poor. Harsha offered fabulous gifts to the Buddhist monks on all four days of the assembly

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