APPENDIX C - ESDAC



APPENDIX K.

PRZM IN FOCUS USER MANUAL

1. Introduction

A modified and improved PRZM code (version 3.22, FOCUS release) is used with the PRZM in FOCUS surface water runoff shell.

The original PESTICIDE ROOT ZONE MODEL executable PRZM31.EXE ran under Microsoft DOS. In order to realise a truly Windows-based version of this model, the program was recoded and compiled with a 32-bit FORTRAN compiler. The new executable, WINPRZM.EXE, is now free of all DOS limitations. A new windows shell, called PFSW.EXE (for PRZM in FOCUS, SURFACE WATER), was built around the new PRZM executable to facilitate the creation of of PRZM input files. The shell is optimized for a screen resolution of 1024x768 pixels and provides the following features:

• User-friendly scenario and parameter definitions in a Microsoft Windows environment

• Pre-defined scenario inputs for four FOCUS European runoff and erosion scenarios

• Modified and enhanced PRZM31 code (Version 3.22, FOCUS release)

Three types of input files are required to run PRZM31.EXE:

• Meteorological files providing the weather data (*.met)

• Scenario files providing the chemical, cropping, agronomic, soil and use data (*.inp)

• Run files providing various PRZM run options (*.run)

When the user selects the desired crop(s) and scenario(s) and enters the required chemical input data, the PFSW shell automatically generates the required input files in a project directory.

After a completed simulation run, the relevant scenario output data are given a set of ASCII files with specific file types:

• hydrologic mass balance files: *.out (for all 20 years of simulation)

*.hyd (for selected 12 month period of simulation) *.hy2 (for application portion of selected 12 month period of simulation)

• chemical mass balance files: *.out (for all 20 years of simulation) *.msb (for selected 12 month period of simulation) *.ms2 (for application portion of selected 12 month period of simulation)

• daily runoff and erosion output files:

*.zts (for all 20 years of simulation – this file is not currently used by FOCUS)

*. p2t (for selected 12 month period of simulation) – this file is read by TOXSWA

• graphical support files:

*.scn files (supports the use of the grapher in the PRZM in FOCUS shell)

When the grapher feature in the PRZM in FOCUS shell is used, the *.scn files are analyzed automatically to provide the user with appropriate result tables and graphs for each parent and metabolite being simulated.

The parameters that are used in the PRZM in FOCUS shell are divided into four categories:

FOCUS DEFINITION: general parameter values agreed upon by the FOCUS working group

FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC: parameter values that have been fixed for each scenario

DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION: parameter values that have been fixed to select model options

USER INPUT: parameter values that are entered by the user, either from experimental data or from a defined list of choices

For Step 3 simulations of runoff and erosion, the values of the parameters listed as FOCUS DEFINITION, FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC and DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION should not be changed by the user of the PRZM in FOCUS shell.

If the user finds it necessary to perform more refined runoff and erosion calculations beyond Step 3, it is possible to manually edit the *.inp files created by the PRZM in FOCUS shell and rerun the various scenarios. If any modifications are made to any of the shell-generated data files, the changes should be clearly described in the resulting modeling report and the results should be referred to as Step 4 simulations.

Customized modifications of the data files beyond Step 3 are appropriate to address such things as:

• Unusual cropping sequences (Step 3 assumes no cropping rotation)

• Effect of landscape mitigation factors such as non-cropped buffer strips

• Simulation of crops not included in the PRZM in FOCUS shell

• Simulation of runoff scenarios not provided in the present PRZM in FOCUS shell

2 Parameter description

|PARAMETER AND DESCRIPTION |VALUE, SOURCE AND COMMENTS |

|Meteorological files | |

|MMDDYY: meteorological month/day/year |The PRZM in FOCUS shell includes 4 non-irrigated location specific |

|PRECIP: precipitation (cm/day) |meteorological files (e.g. R1NOIRR.MET for scenario R1) and 32 irrigated |

|PEVP: pan evaporation (cm/day) |location and crop specific meteorological files (e.g. R1MAIZE.MET for maize in|

|TEMP: temperature (Celsius) |scenario R1). All files cover the period 1 Jan 1975 to 31 Dec 1994 and are in|

|WIND: wind speed (cm/sec) |the format required by PRZM. |

|SOLRAD: solar radiation (Langley) | |

|Record 1 | |

|TITLE: label for simulation title |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC |

|Record 2 | |

|HTITLE: label for hydrology information title |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC |

|Record 3 | |

|PFAC: pan factor used to estimate the daily |FOCUS DEFINITION – crop specific values are listed in Table D1. Values are |

|potential evapotranspiration (ET) from daily pan |consistent with FOCUS groundwater report |

|evaporation. | |

| |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 0.20. SFAC is an empirical factor with wide |

|SFAC: snowmelt factor in cm/degrees Celsius above|variation. This value has been set at a minimum value to help ensure |

|freezing |reasonable hydrologic flows in TOXSWA using the FOCUS scenarios. |

| | |

| |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0, indicating that daily pan evaporation data |

|IPEIND: pan factor flag |is read from the meteorological file |

| | |

| |FOCUS DEFINITION – various values. ANETD is location specific and is highly |

|ANETD: minimum depth from which evaporation is |correlated to climatic conditions. Based on the US distribution map and the |

|extracted |relevant 20 year average annual air temperature, the following values have |

| |been set for the FOCUS runoff scenarios: |

| |R1 (Weiherbach) 10.0 oC 15 cm |

| |R2 (Porto) 14.8 oC 25 cm |

| |R3 (Bologna) 13.5 oC 25 cm |

| |R4 (Roujan) 14.0 oC 25 cm |

| |Comment: This value helps determine soil evaporative losses during fallow |

| |periods. When crops are present, evapotranspirative demand occurs from the |

| |surface to the current rooting depth. |

| | |

|INICRP: flag for initial crop |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 1, indicating initial crop |

| | |

|ISCOND: surface condition of initial crop |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 1, indicating fallow |

|Record 6 | |

|ERFLAG: flag to select simulation of erosion |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 4, indicating use of MUSS equation, the soil |

| |loss equation appropriate for small watersheds |

|Record 7 | |

|USLKEK: soil erodibility factor for MUSS |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see scenario-specific soil data in D14, |

|USLELS: topographic factor for MUSS |D15, D16 and D17 |

|USLEP: practice factor for MUSS | |

|AFIELD: field area for MUSS | |

|IREG: SCS rainfall distribution region | |

|SLP: land slope (%) | |

|HL: hydraulic length (m) | |

|Record 8 | |

|NDC: number of different crops in simulation |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 1, only one crop in simulation |

|Record 9 | |

|ICNCN: crop number |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 1 |

|CINTCP: maximum interception storage |FOCUS DEFINITION – see crop-specific data (Table D1) |

|AMXDR: maximum rooting depth of crop |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see crop and scenario-specific data (Tables D3, D6, |

| |D9 and D12) |

|COVMAX: maximum canopy coverage |FOCUS DEFINITION – see crop-specific data (Table D1) |

|ICNAH: surface condition after harvest |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 3 = residue |

|CN: runoff curve numbers for fallow, |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see crop-and-scenario-specific data (Tables D4, D7, |

|cropping and residue |D10 and D13) |

| |(Note: for runoff simulations, CN values are read from Record 9E) |

|WFMAX: maximum dry wt of crop |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0, option not used in FOCUS |

|HTMAX: max canopy at maturation date |FOCUS DEFINITION – see crop-specific data (Table D1) |

|Record 9A | |

|CROPNO: crop number |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 1 |

|NUSLEC: number of sets of erosion factors |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 4 (emergence, maturation, harvest, fallow) |

|Record 9B (four dates) | |

|Dates for each set of erosion factors: |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC - see crop-and-scenario-specific data (Tables|

|EMD, EMM (emergence) |D3, D6, D9 and D12); also see Record 11 for cropping dates |

|MAD, MAM (maturation) |Note: order of dates begins with crop emergence |

|HAD, HAM (harvest) | |

|GDUSLEC / GMUSLEC (fallow) | |

|Record 9C (four values) | |

|USLEC: universal soil loss cover management |FOCUS DEFINITION – see crop-specific data (Table D1) |

|factors |Note: values correspond to dates in Record 9B |

|Record 9D (four values) | |

|MNGN: Manning’s roughness coefficient |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see scenario-specific soill data (Tables D14, D15, |

| |D16 and D17) |

| |Note: values correspond to dates in Record 9B |

|Record 9E (four values) | |

|CN: runoff curve numbers of antecedent moisture |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see crop-and-scenario specific data (Tables |

|condition II for fallow, cropping and residue |D4, D7, D10 and D13) |

| |Note: values correspond to dates in Record 9B |

|Record 10 | |

|NCPDS: number of cropping periods |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 20 for most crop/scenarios; set to 40 for |

| |leafy vegetables in R1-R4 and for root vegetables in R2 |

|Record 11 | |

|EMD, EMM, IYREM: crop emergence date |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D3, D6, D9 and D12 |

|(month/day/year) | |

|MAD, MAM, IYRMAT: crop maturation date |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D3, D6, D9 and D12 |

|HAD, HAM, IYRHAR: crop harvest date |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D3, D6, D9 and D12 |

|INCROP: crop number associated with NDC |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 1 (only one crop) |

|Record 13 | |

|NAPS: total number of applications occurring at |USER INPUT – user specifies number of applications per year in Pesticide |

|different dates (max: 50) |Application Tool (PAT) in PRZM in FOCUS shell (max: 20/yr) |

|NCHEM: number of chemicals in simulation |USER INPUT |

| |set to 1 = parent only |

| |set to 2 = parent with one metabolite |

| |set to 3 = parent with two metabolites |

|FRMFLG: flag for testing of ideal soil moisture |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (PRZM soil moisture test not used) |

|conditions for application |USER INPUT – set to 0 as default (no biphasic half-life); PRZM in FOCUS shell|

|DKFLG2: flag to allow input of biphasic |also permits option of biphasic half-life (set to 1) |

|degradation half-life | |

|Record 15 | |

|PSTNAM: name of chemical(s) for output file |USER INPUT |

| | |

|Record 16 | |

|AP_DDMMYY: target application dates |USER INPUT – user enters data in Pesticide Application Tool (PAT) in PRZM in |

| |FOCUS shell to select application dates. Required inputs are: |

| |application date (relative to crop emergence) |

|WINDAY: number of days in which to check soil |minimum application window (days) |

|moisture following target date |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (option not used) |

|CAM: flag set to select application method |USER INPUT – selectable chemical application methods (CAM) are: |

| |1 = soil applied, default application depth = 4 cm, linearly decreasing with |

| |depth. This is the DEFAULT for use with FOCUS scenarios; |

| |2 = crop canopy, default soil incorporation depth for non-foliar intercepted |

| |chemical is 4 cm, linearly decreasing w/ depth; |

| |3 = non-linear foliar using exponential filtration, same default soil |

| |incorporation as in CAM=2 (option not used in FOCUS); |

|DEPI: incorporation depth of application (cm) |4 = soil applied, user defined incorporation depth (DEPI), uniform with depth;|

| |5 = soil applied, user defined incorporation depth (DEPI), linearly increasing|

| |with depth; |

| |6 = soil applied, user defined incorporation depth (DEPI), linearly decreasing|

| |with depth; |

| |7 = soil applied, T-band granular application, user defined incorporation |

| |depth; |

| |8 = soil applied, chemical incorporated entirely into depth specified by user.|

| |Notes: to prevent an over-prediction of runoff, a default DEPI value of 4 cm |

| |(linearly decreasing with depth) is used for Step 3 modeling; DEPI > 0 for |

| |CAM 4 to 8; metabolite CAM = 0 |

| |USER INPUT |

| |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 1.0 (conservative assumption within field) |

|TAPP: target application rate (kg as/ha) |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0, drift values used by TOXSWA are calculated |

|APPEFF: application efficiency (fraction) |by drift calculator in SWASH |

|DRFT: spray drift (fraction) | |

|Record 17 | |

|FILTRA: filtration parameter (for CAM 3) |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (option not used in FOCUS) |

|IPSCND: disposition of pesticide after harvest |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 1 (surface applied) |

|UPTKF: plant uptake factor (varies between 0 and | |

|1; describes uptake as a fraction of transpiration|USER INPUT – set to 0.5 for systemic compounds (default); set to 0 for |

|* dissolved phase concentration |compounds which are not systemic (no uptake) |

|Record 18 | |

|(Only if CAM = 2 or 3, repeat for NCHEM) | |

|PLVKRT: pesticide volatilization rate on foliage |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (parameter not used) |

|(days-1) | |

|PLDKRT: pesticide dissipation rate of foliage |USER INPUT – set to sum of volatilization and degradation rate (implies |

|(days-1) |degradation products not specified or tracked) |

|FEXTRC: foliar washoff coefficient (cm-1) |USER INPUT – set to 0.1 (default); other values can be used based on |

| |experimental data |

|Record 18A | |

|Only if CAM=2 or 3 and NCHEM > 1 | |

|PTRAN12: foliar transformation rate for chemical |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set = 0; tracking of foliar transformation to |

|1 to 2 |specific metabolites not included in FOCUS scenarios |

|PTRAN13: foliar transformation rate for chemical |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set = 0; tracking of foliar transformation to |

|1 to 3 |specific metabolites not included in FOCUS scenarios |

|PTRAN23: foliar transformation rate for chemical |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set = 0; tracking of foliar transformation to |

|2 to 3 |specific metabolites not included in FOCUS scenarios |

|Record 19 | |

|STITLE: label for soil properties title |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC |

|Record 20 | |

|CORED: total depth of soil core (cm) |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – set to 100-300 cm (see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17)|

| |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0, bulk density directly entered |

|BDFLAG: bulk density flag |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0, soil moisture defined for each scenario |

|THFLAG: field capacity & wilt point flag |USER INPUT - set to 0, 2 or 3 (option 1 not used) |

| |0 = linear sorption |

|KDFLAG: soil adsorption flag (use of KD or Koc, |If KDFLAG = 0 and KD is entered in the PRZM in FOCUS shell, a uniform value of|

|use of linear sorption, Freundlich sorption with |KD is assigned to the entire soil profile and entered on Record 37 |

|Cref = 1 mg/L and/or aged sorption) |If KDFLAG = 0 and Koc is entered in the PRZM in FOCUS shell, a layer specific |

| |KD is calculated based on Koc and OC and the value is entered on Record 37 |

| |2 = normalised Freundlich equation |

| |If KDFLAG = 2 and KD is entered, a uniform value of KD is assigned to the |

| |entire soil profile and entered on Record 37; Freundlich 1/n is entered in |

| |Record 30b |

| |If KDFLAG = 2 and Koc is entered, a layer specific KD is calculated based on |

| |Koc and OC and the value is entered on Record 37; Freundlich 1/n value(s) are|

| |entered on Record 30b |

| |3 = aged sorption |

| |compound specific ageing factors are defined in Record 30c and applied to |

| |calculate aged sorption on a daily basis. Normalised Freundlich equation is |

| |used in the same way as described for 2. |

| |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (free drainage assumed) |

| |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (MOC not used) |

| |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (no irrigation simulated) Necessary |

|HSWZT: drainage flag |irrigation is added to rainfall data |

|MOC: method of characteristics flag |USER INPUT – 0 = temperature and moisture correction off (field degradation |

|IRFLAG: irrigation flag |data used); 1 = option not used; 2 = temperature and correction on (lab |

| |degradation data used) |

|ITFLAG: soil temperature simulation flag |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 1 (model simulates temperature profile using |

|(0 = off; 1 or 2 = on) |default thermal conductivity and heat capacity) |

| |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (microbial population degradation algorithms|

|IDFLAG: therm cond & heat capacity flag |not used) |

| | |

|BIOFLG: biodegradation flag | |

|Record 26 | |

|DAIR: molecular diffusion coefficient for the |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 4300 cm2/day for parent and metabolites |

|pesticide(s) in air | |

|HENRYK: normalised Henry’s law constant of the |USER INPUT – values for vapor pressure, molecular weight and water solubility |

|pesticide(s) – dimensionless |are required; HENRYK = P * M * 1000 / (C * R * T) where |

| |P = vapor pressure (mPa) |

| |M = molecular weight (g/mol) |

| |C = water solubility (mg/L) |

| |R = gas constant = 8.314 J / (mol K) = 8.314 x 10-3 L mPa/ (mol K) |

| |T = absolute temperature (K) |

|ENPY: enthalpy of vaporisation of the |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 22.7 kcal/mol (agrees with FOCUS gw and TOXSWA) |

|pesticide(s) (kcal/mole) | |

|Record 30 (only if KDFLAG=2, 3) | |

|FRNDCF: Freundlich exponent 1/n (dimensionless) |USER INPUT |

| |The reference concentration Cref is fixed in the PRZM code to 1 mg/L. The use|

| |of the Freundlich isotherm is limited to dissolved phase concentrations higher|

| |than 0.01 ug/L. |

|Record 30c (only if KDFLAG=3) | |

|Five pairs of time points (BAKD, VADK) are used to|USER INPUT - FOCUS default = not used |

|define aged sorption, with units of (days, |Aged sorption is not to be used in the FOCUS scenarios unless experimental |

|relative sorption value) |data is available. |

| |Comment: Aged sorption is described with a dimensionless time-dependent |

|BAKD = ageing time (days after application) |ageing factor > 1. An ageing effect is often relevant for the pehavior of |

|VADK = KDaged / KDinitial (relative sorption |pesticides in soil and may be calculated from standard adsorption/desorption |

|factor, dimensionless) |studies as specifed from the OECD (1997). PRZM calculates the ageing factor |

| |on a daily basis by linear interpolation of the specified data and is limited |

| |to the last of the five VADK numbers. After each application period, the |

| |ageing period is reset to zero to prevent overprediction of the effect of |

| |ageing. |

|Record 31 (only if ITFLAG =1, 2) | |

|ALBEDO: monthly values of soil surface albedo – |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 12 monthly values of 0.18 (average for a range of |

|12 values required |normal field conditions); agrees with FOCUS gw |

|EMMISS: reflectivity of soil surface to longwave |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 0.96 (average for natural surfaces at normal |

|radiation (fraction) |temperatures); agrees with FOCUS gw |

|ZWIND: height of wind speed measurement above the|FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 10 m; agrees with FOCUS gw |

|soil surface (m) | |

|Record 32 (only if ITFLAG = 1, 2) | |

|BBT: average monthly values of bottom boundary |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – annual average air temperature used as constant |

|soil temperatures in degrees Celsius (12 values) |bottom boundary condition: |

| |R1: 10.0 oC R3: 13.5 oC |

| |R2: 14.8 oC R4: 14.0 oC |

|Record 32a (only if ITFLAG = 2) | |

|QFAC: Q10-factor for determining degradation rate|FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 2.2 (corresponding to activation energy of 54 |

|increase when temperature increases by 10 oC |kJ/mole, the mean value endorsed by FOCUS) |

|TBASE: reference temperature for degradation data| |

| | |

| |USER INPUT |

|Record 32b (only if ITFLAG = 2) | |

|ABSREL: flag for type of reference soil moisture |USER INPUT – 1 = reference soil moisture entered in absolute terms; 2 = |

|data |reference soil moisture entered relative to field capacity |

|B-VALUE: exponent for moisture correction |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 0.7 as default |

|REFMOIST: reference moisture correction for |USER INPUT – if ABSREL = 1, enter value as V/V %; if ABSREL = 2, enter value |

|degradation data |as percent of field capacity |

|Record 33 | |

|NHORIZ: total number of horizons |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 |

|Record 34 (repeat Records 34-38 up to NHORIZ) | |

|HORIZN: horizon number in | |

|THKNS: thickness of the horizon |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC |

|BD: soil dry bulk density (g/cm3) |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 FOCUS SCENARIO |

|THETO: initial soil water content (cm3/ cm3) |SPECIFIC – see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – set to |

| |field capacity for scenario and horizon; see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 |

|AD: soil drainage parameter (day-1) |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (option not used) |

|DISP: pesticide(s) hydrodynamic dispersion |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (parameter not used) |

|coefficient (cm2/day) | |

|ADL: lateral soil drainage parameter (day-1) |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (option not used) |

|Record 36 (for DKFLG2 = 0) | |

|DWRATE: dissolved phase pesticide(s) degradation |USER INPUT – pesticide degradation half-life entered by user; PRZM in FOCUS |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |shell calculates DWRATi = DSRATi = ln (2) / pesticide degradation half-life; |

| |DGRATi is set to 0 |

|DSRATE: adsorbed phase pesticide(s) degradation | |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |Note: These degradation rates represent the degradation rate of the parent |

|DGRATE: adsorbed phase pesticide(s) degradation |compound. For an explanation of how the degradation rates of metabolites is |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |handled, see Record 39. |

|Record 36 (for DKFLG2 = 1) | |

|DWRAT1: dissolved phase pesticide(s) degradation |USER INPUT – pesticide degradation half-life entered by user; PRZM in FOCUS |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |shell calculates DWRAT1 = DSRAT1 = ln (2) / pesticide degradation half-life; |

|DSRAT1: adsorbed phase pesticide(s) degradation |DGRAT1 is set to 0 |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |Note: These degradation rates represent the degradation rate of the parent |

|DGRAT1: adsorbed phase pesticide(s) degradation |compound. For an explanation of how the degradation rates of metabolites is |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |handled, see Record 39. |

|Record 36a (for DKFLG2 = 1) | |

|DWRAT2: dissolved phase pesticide(s) degradation |USER INPUT – pesticide degradation half-life entered by user; PRZM in FOCUS |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |shell calculates DWRAT2 = DSRAT2 = ln (2) / pesticide degradation half-life; |

|DSRAT2: adsorbed phase pesticide(s) degradation |DGRAT2 is set to 0 |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |Note: These degradation rates represent the degradation rate of the parent |

|DGRAT2: adsorbed phase pesticide(s) degradation |compound. For an explanation of how the degradation rates of metabolites is |

|rate for first phase of bi-phase reaction (day-1) |handled, see Record 39. |

|Record 37 For each horizon, | |

|DPN: thickness of compartments (cm) |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 0.1 cm for 0-10 cm depth; set to 5 cm for > 10 cm |

| |depth |

|THEFC: field capacity (cm3/ cm3) |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 |

|THEWP: wilting point (cm3/ cm3) |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 |

|OC: organic carbon (percent) |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 |

|KD: layer-specific partition coefficient for each|USER INPUT – determined from KDFLAG and user input values |

|NCHEM (L/kg) | |

|Record 38 (only if ITFLAG = 1, 2) | |

|For each horizon, | |

|SPT: initial temperature (Celsius) |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – set to BBT (see Record 32) |

|SAND: sand content (percent) |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 |

|CLAY: clay content (percent) |FOCUS SCENARIO SPECIFIC – see Tables D14, D15, D16 and D17 |

|THCOND: thermal conductivity |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0; default values used (IDFLAG = 1) |

|(cal/ cm day oC) |DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0; defaults value used (IDFLAG = 1) |

|VHTCAP: heat capacity per unit volume | |

|(cal/ cm3 oC) | |

|Record 39 (Only if NCHEM > 1 and DKFLG2 = 0) | |

|DKRW12: Degradation conversion factor for | |

|chemical 1 to 2 in solution phase |USER INPUT – for each chemical species, the user enters the molecular weight; |

|DKRW13: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|for each reaction, the user enters the degradation half-life and molar |

|1 to 3 in solution phase |conversion factor (C factor) for the reaction; The PRZM in FOCUS shell |

|DKRW23: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|calculates a degradation conversion factor for each reaction and enters the |

|2 to 3 in solution phase |results on Record 39. |

|DKRS12: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|Example: |

|1 to 2 in sorbed phase |For the reaction of chemical 1 (MW 300) to chemical 2 (MW 286), the molar |

|DKRS13: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|conversion factor is 60% (i.e. 60% of the moles of chemical 1 degrade to form |

|1 to 3 in sorbed phase |chemical 2, 40% forms other chemicals): |

|DKRS23: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|DKRW12 = DKRS12 = (60/100) * 286 / 300 = 0.572 |

|2 to 3 in sorbed phase |Note: “Maximum percent formed” values are not equivalent to molar conversion |

| |factors. See the help screens of PEARL for additional clarification |

|Record 39 (Only if NCHEM > 1 and DKFLG2 = 1) | |

|DKW112: Degradation conversion factor for |Values for first phase of degradation |

|chemical 1 to 2 in solution phase |USER INPUT – for each chemical species, the user enters the molecular weight; |

|DKW113: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|for each reaction, the user enters the degradation half-life for the first |

|1 to 3 in solution phase |phase of reaction, the time when the reaction rate changes and the molar |

|DKW123: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|conversion factor (C factor) for the reaction; The PRZM in FOCUS shell |

|2 to 3 in solution phase |calculates a degradation conversion factor for each reaction and enters the |

|DKS112: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|results on Record 39. |

|1 to 2 in sorbed phase | |

|DKS113: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|See discussion in Record 39 above. |

|1 to 3 in sorbed phase | |

|DKS123: Degradation conversion factor for chemical| |

|2 to 3 in sorbed phase | |

|Record 39a (Only if NCHEM > 1 and DKFLG2 = 1) | |

|DKW212: Degradation conversion factor for |Values for second phase of degradation |

|chemical 1 to 2 in solution phase |USER INPUT – for each chemical species, the user enters the molecular weight; |

|DKW213: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|for each reaction, the user enters the degradation half-life for the first |

|1 to 3 in solution phase |phase of reaction, the time when the reaction rate changes and the molar |

|DKW223: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|conversion factor (C factor) for the reaction; The PRZM in FOCUS shell |

|2 to 3 in solution phase |calculates a degradation conversion factor for each reaction and enters the |

|DKS212: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|results on Record 39. |

|1 to 2 in sorbed phase | |

|DKS213: Degradation conversion factor for chemical|See discussion in Record 39 above. |

|1 to 3 in sorbed phase | |

|DKS223: Degradation conversion factor for chemical| |

|2 to 3 in sorbed phase | |

|Record 40 | |

|ILP: flag for initial pesticide concentrations in|DEVELOPMENT DEFINITION – set to 0 (no initial pesticide concentration in soil |

|soil before start of simulation |profile) |

|Record 42 | |

|Output options |FOCUS DEFINITION – specific output options have been selected to provide |

| |hydrologic, pesticide flux and pesticide concentration output files that can |

| |be reviewed by the user. The selected output files are: |

| |(scenario filename).hyd – hydrologic output file |

| |(scenario filename).msb – pesticide mass balance output file |

| |(scenario filename).cnc – pesticide concentration output file |

|Record 45 | |

|NPLOTS: number of time series plots |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to 6 (1 chem), 8 (2 chem), 10 (3 chem) |

|STEP4: output time step |FOCUS DEFINITION – set to DAY. |

| |These values create the daily time series output file (scenario filename.zts) |

| |for all 20 years of simulation which is postprocessed by the PRZM in FOCUS |

| |shell to create the selected 12 month (scenario filename.p2t) file which is |

| |read by TOXSWA |

|Record 46 | |

|RUNF: runoff (mm) |FOCUS DEFINITION – use conv factor of 10 to convert cm to mm |

|ESLS: erosion (kg) |FOCUS DEFINITION – use conv factor of 1000 to convert tonne to kg FOCUS |

|PRCP: daily precipitation (mm) |DEFINITION – use conv factor of 10 to convert cm to mm FOCUS DEFINITION – use |

|INFL: daily infiltration below 1m depth (mm) |conv factor of 10 to convert cm to mm FOCUS DEFINITION –use conv factor of 107|

|RFLX1: runoff flux for chem 1 (mg/m2) |to convert g/cm2 to mg/m2 FOCUS DEFINITION –use conv factor of 107 to convert |

|EFLX1: erosion flux for chem 1 (mg/m2) |g/cm2 to mg/m2 FOCUS DEFINITION –use conv factor of 107 to convert g/cm2 to |

|RFLX2: runoff flux for chem 2 (mg/m2) |mg/m2 FOCUS DEFINITION –use conv factor of 107 to convert g/cm2 to mg/m2 FOCUS|

|EFLX2: erosion flux for chem 2 (mg/m2) |DEFINITION –use conv factor of 107 to convert g/cm2 to mg/m2 FOCUS DEFINITION |

|RFLX3: runoff flux for chem 3 (mg/m2) |–use conv factor of 107 to convert g/cm2 to mg/m2 |

|EFLX3: erosion flux for chem 3 (mg/m2) | |

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Please Note:

This user manual was published together with all available documentation on 15 May 2003.

Therefore, it may not contain the most recent information as the models and the shells may have changed with time.

Make sure that you always have the most recent version available, which may be obtained from the web site of JRC, Ispra, Italy:



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