The History of Protestantism - Amazing Discoveries

The History of Protestantism

VOLUME THIRD

Books 18-24

.au

BY

Rev. James Aitken Wylie, LL.D

1808-1890

author of "The Papacy," "Daybreak in Spain," &c.

"Protestantism, the sacred cause

of God's Light and Truth

against the

Devil's Falsity and Darkness."

-Carlyle.

Cassell & Company, Limited:

London, Paris & New York.

.

1

Table of Contents

BOOK EIGHTEENTH - HISTORY OF PROTESTANTISM IN

THE NETHERLANDS.

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

2

THE NETHERLANDS AND THEIR INHABITANTS.

Batavia ¡ª Formed by Joint Action of the Rhine and the Sea ¡ª Dismal Territory ¡ª The First

Inhabitants ¡ª Belgium ¡ª Holland ¡ª Their First Struggles with the Ocean ¡ª Their Second

with the Roman Power ¡ª 'they Pass under Charlemagne ¡ª Rise and Greatness of their

Commerce ¡ª Civic Rights and Liberties ¡ª These Threatened by the Austro-Burgundian

Emperors ¡ª A Divine Principle comes to their aid.

INTRODUCTION OF PROTESTANTISM INTO THE NETHERLANDS.

Power of the Church of Rome in the Low Countries in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries

¡ª Ebb in the Fifteenth Century ¡ª Causes ¡ª Forerunners ¡ª Waldenses and Albigenses ¡ª

Romaunt Version of the Scriptures ¡ª Influence of Wicliffe's Writings and Huss's Martyrdom

¡ª Influence of Commerce, etc. ¡ª Charles V. and the Netherlands ¡ª Persecuting Edicts ¡ª

Great Number of Martyrs.

ANTWERP: ITS CONFESSORS AND MARTYRS.

Antwerp ¡ª Its Convent of Augustines ¡ª Jacob Spreng ¡ª Henry of Zutphen ¡ª Convent

Razed ¡ª A Preacher Drowned ¡ª Placards of the Emperor Charles V. ¡ª Well of Life ¡ª Long

and Dreadful Series of Edicts ¡ª Edict of 1540 ¡ª The Inquisition ¡ª Spread of Lutheranism ¡ª

Confessors ¡ª Martyrdom of John de Bakker.

ABDICATION OF CHARLES V. AND ACCESSION OF PHILIP II.

Decrepitude of the Emperor ¡ª Hall of Brabant Palace ¡ª Speech of the Emperor ¡ª Failure of

his Hopes and Labours ¡ª Philip II. ¡ª His Portrait ¡ª Slender Endowments ¡ª Portrait of

William of Orange ¡ª Other Netherland Nobles ¡ª Close of Pageant.

PHILIP ARRANGES THE GOVERNMENT OF THE NETHERLANDS, AND

DEPARTS FOR SPAIN.

Philip II. Renews the Edict of 1535 of his Father ¡ª Other Atrocious Edicts ¡ª Further

Martyrdoms ¡ª Inquisition introduced into the Low Countries ¡ª Indignation and Alarm of the

Netherlanders ¡ª Thirteen New Bishops ¡ª The Spanish Troops to be left in the Country ¡ª

Violations of the Netherland Charters ¡ª Bishop of Arras ¡ª His Craft and Ambition ¡ª Popular

Discontent ¡ª Margaret, Duchess of Parma, appointed Regent ¡ª Three Councils ¡ª Assembly

of the States at Ghent ¡ª The States request the Suppression of the Edicts ¡ª Anger of Philip ¡ª

He sets Sail from Flushing ¡ª Storm ¡ª Arrival in Spain.

STORMS IN THE COUNCIL, AND MARTYRS AT THE STAKE.

Three Councils ¡ª These Three but One ¡ª Margaret, Duchess of Parma ¡ª Cardinal Granvelle

¡ª Opposition to the New Bishops-Storms at the Council-board ¡ª Position of Prince of

Orange, and Counts Egmont and Horn ¡ª Their joint Letter to the King ¡ª Smouldering

Discontent ¡ª Persecution ¡ª Peter Titlemann ¡ª Severity of the Edicts ¡ª Father and Son at the

Stake ¡ª Heroism of the Flemish Martyrs ¡ª Execution of a Schoolmaster ¡ª A Skeleton at a

Feast ¡ª Burning of Three Refugees ¡ª Great Number of Flemish Martyrs ¡ª What their

Country Owed them.

RETIREMENT OF GRANVELLE ¡ª BELGIC CONFESSION OF FAITH.

Tumults at Valenciennes ¡ª Rescue of Two Martyrs ¡ª Terrible Revenge ¡ª Rhetoric Clubs ¡ª

The Cardinal Attacked in Plays, Farces, and Lampoons ¡ª A Caricature ¡ª A Meeting of the

States Demanded and Refused ¡ª Orders from Spain for the more Vigorous Prosecution of the

Edicts ¡ª Orange, Egmont, and Horn Retire from the Council ¡ª They Demand the Recall of

Granvelle ¡ª Doublings of Philip II. ¡ª Granvelle under pretense of Visiting his Mother Leaves

the Netherlands ¡ª First Belgic Confession of Faith ¡ª Letter of Flemish Protestants to Philip II.

¡ª Toleration.

THE RISING STORM.

Speech of Prince of Orange at the Council-table ¡ª Egmont sent to Spain-Demand for the

States-General, and the Abolition of the Edicts ¡ª Philip's Reply ¡ª More Martyrs ¡ª New and

More Rigorous Instructions from Philip ¡ª The Nobles and Cities Remonstrate ¡ª Arrogance of

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

3

the Inquisitors ¡ª New Mode of putting Protestants to Death ¡ª Rising Indignation in the Low

Countries ¡ª Rumours of General Massacre ¡ª Dreadful Secret Imparted to Prince of Orange

¡ª Council of Trent ¡ª Programme of Massacre.

THE CONFEDERATES OR "BEGGARS."

League of the Flemish Nobles ¡ª Franciscus Junius ¡ª The "Confederacy " ¡ª Its Object ¡ª

Number of Signatories ¡ª Meeting of the Golden Fleece and States-General ¡ª How shall

Margaret Steer? ¡ª Procession of the Confederates ¡ª Their Petition ¡ª Perplexity of the

Duchess ¡ª Stormy Debate in the Council ¡ª The Confederates first styled "Beggars" ¡ª

Medals Struck in Commemoration of the Name ¡ª Livery of the Beggars ¡ª Answer of the

Duchess ¡ª Promised Moderation of the Edicts ¡ª Martyrdoms Continued ¡ª Four Martyrs at

Lille ¡ª John Cornelius Beheaded.

THE FIELD-PREACHINGS.

The Protestants Resolve to Worship in Public ¡ª First Field-Preaching near Ghent-Herman

Modet ¡ª Seven Thousand Hearers ¡ª The Assembly Attacked, but Stands its Ground ¡ª

Second Field-Preaching ¡ª Arrangements at the Field-Preaching ¡ª Wall of Waggons ¡ª

Sentinels, etc. ¡ª Numbers of the Worshippers ¡ª Singing of the Psalms ¡ª Field-Preaching

near Antwerp ¡ª The Governor Forbids them ¡ª The Magistrates unable to put them down ¡ª

Field-Preaching at Tournay ¡ª Immense Congregations ¡ª Peregrine de la Grange ¡ª Ambrose

Wille ¡ª Field-Preaching in Holland ¡ª Peter Gabriel and John Arentson ¡ª Secret

Consultations ¡ª -First Sermon near Horn ¡ª Enormous Conventicle near Haarlem ¡ª The

Town Gates Locked ¡ª The Imprisoned Multitude Compel their Opening ¡ª Grandeur of the

Conventicle ¡ª Difference between the Field-Preachers and the Confederates ¡ª Preaching at

Delft ¡ª Utrecht ¡ª The Hague ¡ª Arrival of more Preachers.

THE IMAGE-BREAKINGS.

The Confederate Envoys ¡ª Philip's Cruel Purpose ¡ª -The Image-Breakers ¡ª Their Character

¡ª Their Devastations ¡ª Overspread the Low Countries in a Week ¡ª Pillage of 400 Churches

¡ª Antwerp Cathedral ¡ª Its Magnificence ¡ª -Its Pillage ¡ª Pillage of the Rest of the Churches

¡ª The True Iconoclast Hammer-The Preachers and their People take no part in the ImageBreakings ¡ª Image-Breaking in Holland ¡ª Amsterdam and other Towns ¡ª What

Protestantism Teaches concerning Image-Breaking ¡ª The Popular Outbreaks at the

Reformation and at the French Revolution Compared.

REACTION ¡ª SUBMISSION OF THE SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS.

Treaty between the Governor and Nobles ¡ª Liberty given the Reformed to Build Churches ¡ª

Remonstrances of Margaret ¡ª Reply of Orange ¡ª Anger of Philip ¡ª His Cruel Resolve ¡ª

Philip's Treachery ¡ª Letters that Read Two Ways ¡ª the Governor raises Soldiers ¡ª A Great

Treachery Meditated ¡ª Egmont's and Horn's Compliance with the Court, and Severities against

the Reformed ¡ª Horn at Tournay ¡ª Forbids the Reformed to Worship inside the Walls ¡ª

Permitted to erect Churches outside ¡ª Money and Materials ¡ª the Governor Violates the

Accord ¡ª Re-formed Religion Forbidden in Tournay and Valenciennes ¡ª Siege of

Valenciennes by Noircarmes ¡ª Sufferings of the Besieged ¡ª They Surrender-Treachery of

Noircarmes ¡ª Execution of the Two Protestant Ministers ¡ª Terror inspired by the Fall of

Valenciennes ¡ª Abject Submission of the Southern Netherlands.

THE COUNCIL OF BLOOD.

Orange's Penetration of Philip's Mind ¡ª Conference at Dendermonde ¡ª Resolution of Egmont

¡ª William Retires to Nassau in Germany ¡ª Persecution Increased ¡ª The Gallows Full ¡ª

Two Sisters ¡ª Philip resolves to send an Army to the Netherlands ¡ª Its Command given to the

Duke of Alva ¡ª His Character ¡ª His Person ¡ª His Fanaticism and Bloodthirstiness ¡ª

Character of the Soldiers ¡ª An Army of Alvas ¡ª Its March ¡ª Its Morale ¡ª Its Entrance

Unopposed ¡ª Margaret Retires from the Netherlands ¡ª Alva Arrests Egmont and Horn ¡ª

Refugees ¡ª Death of Berghen and Montigny ¡ª The Council of Blood ¡ª Sentence of Death

upon all the Inhabitants of the Netherlands ¡ª Constitution of the Blood Council ¡ª Its Terrible

Work ¡ª Shrove-tide ¡ª A proposed Holocaust ¡ª Sentence of Spanish Inquisition upon the

Netherlands.

WILLIAM UNFURLS HIS STANDARD ¡ª EXECUTION OF EGMONT AND HORN.

William cited by the Blood Council ¡ª His Estates Confiscated ¡ª Solicited to Unfurl the

Standard against Spain ¡ª Funds raised ¡ª Soldiers Enlisted ¡ª The War waged in the King's

Chapter 15

Chapter 16

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

Chapter 19

Chapter 20

4

Name ¡ª Louis of Nassau ¡ª The Invading Host Marches ¡ª Battle at Dam ¡ª Victory of Count

Louis ¡ª Rage of Alva ¡ª Executions ¡ª Condemnation of Counts Egmont and Horn ¡ª

Sentence intimated to them ¡ª Egmont's Conduct on the Scaffold ¡ª Executed ¡ª Death of

Count Horn ¡ª Battle of Gemmingen ¡ª Defeat of Count Louis.

FAILURE OF WILLIAM'S FIRST CAMPAIGN.

Execution of Widow van Dieman ¡ª Herman Schinkel ¡ª Martyrdoms at Ghent ¡ª at Bois-leDuc ¡ª Peter van Kulen and his Maid-servant ¡ª A New Gag Invented ¡ª William Approaches

with his Army ¡ª His Manifesto ¡ª -His Avowal of his Faith ¡ª William Crosses the Rhine ¡ª

Alva Declines Battle ¡ª William's Supplies Fail ¡ª Flanders Refuses to Rise ¡ª William Retires

¡ª Alva's Elation ¡ª Erects a Statue to himself ¡ª Its Inscription ¡ª The Pope sends him

Congratulations, etc. ¡ª Synod of the Church of the Netherlands ¡ª Presbyterian Church

Government Established.

THE "BEGGARS OF THE SEA," AND SECOND CAMPAIGN OF ORANGE.

Brabant Inactive ¡ª Trials of the Blood Council ¡ª John Hassels ¡ª Executions at Valenciennes

¡ª The Year 1568 ¡ª More Edicts ¡ª Individual Martyrdoms ¡ª A Martyr Saving the Life of

his Persecutor ¡ª Burning of Four Converted Priests at the Hague-William enters on his Second

Campaign ¡ª His Appeal for Funds ¡ª The Refugees ¡ª The "Beggars of the Sea" ¡ª Discipline

of the Privateer Fleet ¡ª Plan for Collecting Funds ¡ª Elizabeth ¡ª De la Marck ¡ª Capture of

Brill by the Sea Beggars ¡ª Foundations laid of the Dutch Republic ¡ª Alva's Fury ¡ª Bossu

Fails to Retake Brill ¡ª Dort and Flushing declare against Spain ¡ª Holland and Zealand

declare for William ¡ª Louis of Nassau takes Mons ¡ª Alva Besieges it ¡ª The Tenth Penny ¡ª

Meeting of the States of Holland ¡ª Speech of St. Aldegonde ¡ª Toleration ¡ª William of

Orange declared Stadtholder of Holland.

WILLIAM'S SECOND CAMPAIGN, AND SUBMISSION OF BRABANT AND

FLANDERS.

William's New Levies ¡ª He crosses the Rhine ¡ª Welcome from Flemish Cities ¡ª Sinews of

War ¡ª Hopes in France ¡ª Disappointed by the St. Bartholomew Massacre ¡ª Reverses ¡ª

Mutiny ¡ª William Disbands his Army ¡ª Alva takes Revenge on the Cities of Brabant ¡ª

Cruelties in Mons ¡ª Mechlin Pillaged ¡ª Terrible Fate of Zutphen and Naarden ¡ª Submission

of the Cities of Brabant ¡ª Holland Prepares for Defence ¡ª Meeting of Estates at Haarlem ¡ª

Heroic Resolution ¡ª Civil and Ecclesiastical Reorganisation of Holland ¡ª Novel Battle on the

Ice ¡ª Preparations for the Siege of Haarlem.

THE SIEGE OF HAARLEM.

Haarlem ¡ª Its Situation ¡ª Its Defences ¡ª Army of Amazons ¡ª Haze on the Lake ¡ª Defeat

of a Provisioning Party ¡ª Commencement of the Cannonade ¡ª A Breach ¡ª Assault ¡ª

Repulse of the Foe ¡ª Haarlem Reinforced by William ¡ª Reciprocal Barbarities ¡ª The Siege

Renewed ¡ª Mining and Countermining-Battles below the Earth ¡ª New Breach ¡ª Second

Repulse of the Besiegers ¡ª Toledo contemplates Raising the Siege ¡ª Alva Forbids him to do

so ¡ª The City more Closely Blockaded ¡ª Famine ¡ª Dreadful Misery in the City ¡ª Final

Effort of William for its Deliverance ¡ª It Fails ¡ª Citizens offer to Capitulate ¡ª Toledo's

Terms of Surrender ¡ª Accepted ¡ª The Surrender ¡ª Dismal Appearance of the City ¡ª

Toledo's Treachery ¡ª Executions and Massacres ¡ª Moral Victory to the Protestant Cause ¡ª

William's Inspiriting Address to the States.

SIEGE OF ALKMAAR, AND RECALL OF ALVA.

Alkmaar ¡ª Its Situation ¡ª Its Siege ¡ª Sonoy's Dismay ¡ª Courageous Letter of the Prince ¡ª

Savage Threats of Alva ¡ª Alkmaar Cannonaded ¡ª Breach ¡ª Stormed ¡ª Fury of the Attack

¡ª Heroism of the Repulse ¡ª What Ensign Solis saw within the Walls ¡ª The Spaniards

Refuse to Storm the Town a Second Time ¡ª The Dutch Threaten to Cut the Dykes, and Drown

the Spanish Camp ¡ª The Siege Raised ¡ª Amsterdam ¡ª Battle of Dutch and Spanish Fleets

before it ¡ª Defeat of the Spaniards ¡ª Admiral Bossu taken Prisoner ¡ª Alva Recalled ¡ª His

Manner of Leaving ¡ª Number Executed during his Government ¡ª Medina Coeli appointed

Governor ¡ª He Resigns -Requesens appointed ¡ª -Assumes the Guise of Moderation ¡ª Plain

Warning of William ¡ª Question of Toleration of Roman Worship ¡ª Reasonings ¡ª The States

at Leyden Forbid its Public Celebration ¡ª Opinions of William of Orange.

THIRD CAMPAIGN OF WILLIAM, AND DEATH OF COUNT LOUIS OF NASSAU.

Middelburg ¡ª Its Siege ¡ª Capture by the Sea Beggars-Destruction of One-half of the Spanish

Chapter 21

Chapter 22

Chapter 23

Chapter 24

Chapter 25

Chapter 26

5

Fleet ¡ª Sea-board of Zealand and Holland in the hands of the Dutch ¡ª William's Preparations

for a Third Campaign ¡ª Funds ¡ª France gives Promises, but no Money ¡ª Louis's Army ¡ª

Battle of Mook ¡ª Defeat and Death of Louis ¡ª William's Misfortunes ¡ª His Magnanimity

and Devotion ¡ª His Greatness of the First Rank ¡ª He Retires into Holland ¡ª Mutiny in

Avila's Army ¡ª The Mutineers Spoil Antwerp ¡ª Final Destruction of Spanish Fleet ¡ª

Opening of the Siege of Leyden ¡ª Situation of that Town ¡ª Importance of the Siege ¡ª

Stratagem of Philip ¡ª Spirit of the Citizens.

THE SIEGE OF LEYDEN.

Leyden ¡ª Provisions Fail ¡ª William's Sickness ¡ª His Plan of Letting in the Sea ¡ª The

Dykes Cut ¡ª The Waters do not Rise ¡ª The Flotilla cannot be Floated ¡ª Dismay in Leyden

¡ª Terrors of the Famine ¡ª Pestilence ¡ª Deaths ¡ª Unabated Resolution of the Citizens ¡ª A

Mighty Fiat goes forth ¡ª The Wind Shifts ¡ª The Ocean Overflows the Dykes ¡ª The Flotilla,

Approaches ¡ª Fights on the Dykes ¡ª The Fort Lammen ¡ª Stops the Flotilla ¡ª Midnight

Noise ¡ª Fort Lainmen Abandoned ¡ª Leyden Relieved ¡ª Public Solemn Thanksgiving ¡ª

Another Prodigy ¡ª The Sea Rolled Back.

MARCH OF THE SPANISH ARMY THROUGH THE SEA ¡ª SACK OF ANTWERP.

The Darkest Hour Passed ¡ª A University Founded in Leyden ¡ª Its Subsequent Eminence ¡ª

Mediation ¡ª Philip Demands the Absolute Dominancy of the Popish Worship-The Peace

Negotiations Broken off ¡ª The Islands of Zealand ¡ª The Spaniards March through the Sea ¡ª

The Islands Occupied ¡ª The Hopes that Philip builds on this ¡ª These Hopes Dashed ¡ª Death

of Governor Requesens ¡ª Mutiny of Spanish Troops ¡ª They Seize on Alost ¡ª Pillage the

Country around ¡ª The Spanish Army Join the Mutiny-Antwerp Sacked ¡ª Terrors of the Sack

¡ª Massacre, Rape, Burning ¡ª The "Antwerp Fury" ¡ª Retribution.

THE "PACIFICATION OF GHENT," AND TOLERATION.

William of Orange more than King of Holland ¡ª The "Father of the Country" ¡ª Policy of the

European Powers ¡ª Elizabeth ¡ª France ¡ª Germany ¡ª Coldness of Lutheranism ¡ª Causes

¡ª Hatred of German Lutherans to Dutch Calvinists ¡ª . Instances ¡ª William's New Project ¡ª

His Appeal to all the Provinces to Unite against the Spaniards ¡ª The "Pacification of Ghent "

¡ª Its Articles ¡ª Toleration ¡ª Services to Toleration of John Calvin and William the Silent.

ADMINISTRATION OF DON JOHN, AND FIRST SYNOD OF DORT.

Little and Great Countries ¡ª Their respective Services to Religion and Liberty ¡ª The

Pacification of Ghent brings with it an Element of Weakness ¡ª Divided Counsels and Aims ¡ª

Union of Utrecht ¡ª The new Governor Don John of Austria ¡ª Asked to Ratify the

Pacification of Ghent ¡ª Refuses ¡ª At last Consents ¡ª " The Perpetual Edict" ¡ª Perfidy

meditated ¡ª A Martyr ¡ª Don John Seizes the Castle of Namur ¡ª Intercepted Letters ¡ª

William made Governor of Brabant ¡ª His Triumphal Progress to Brussels ¡ª Splendid

Opportunity of achieving Independence ¡ª Roman Catholicism a Dissolvent ¡ª Prince Matthias

¡ª his Character-Defeat of the Army of the Netherlands ¡ª Bull of the Pope ¡ª Amsterdam ¡ª

Joins the Protestant Side ¡ª Civic Revolution ¡ª Progress of Protestantism in Antwerp, Ghent,

etc. ¡ª First National Synod ¡ª Their Sentiments on Toleration ¡ª " Peace of Religion " ¡ª The

Provinces Disunite ¡ª A Great Opportunity Lost ¡ª Death of Don John.

ABJURATION OF PHILIP, AND RISE OF THE SEVEN UNITED PROVINCES.

Alexander, Duke of Parma ¡ª His Character ¡ª Divisions in the Provinces ¡ª Siege of

Maestricht ¡ª Defection of the Walloons ¡ª Union of Utrecht ¡ª Bases of Union ¡ª Germ of

the United Provinces ¡ª Their Motto ¡ª Peace Congress at Cologne ¡ª Its Grandeur ¡ª Philip

makes Impossible Demands ¡ª Failure of Congress ¡ª Attempts to Bribe William ¡ª His

Incorruptibility ¡ª Ban Fulminated against him ¡ª His "Apology " ¡ª Arraignment of Philip ¡ª

The Netherlands Abjure Philip II. as King ¡ª Holland and Zealand confer their Sovereignty on

William ¡ª Greatness of the Revolution-Its Place in the History of Protestantism.

ASSASSINATION OF WILLIAM THE SILENT.

What the United Provinces are to become ¡ª The Walloons Return to Philip ¡ª William's

Sovereignty ¡ª Brabant and the Duke of Anjou ¡ª His Entry into the Netherlands ¡ª His

Administration a Failure ¡ª Matthias Departs ¡ª The Netherlands offer their Sovereignty to

William ¡ª He Declines ¡ª Defection of Flanders ¡ª Attempt on William's Life ¡ª Anastro, the

Spanish Banker ¡ª The Assassin ¡ª He Wounds the Prince ¡ª Alarm of the Provinces ¡ª

Recovery of William ¡ª Death of his Wife ¡ª Another Attempt on William's Life ¡ª Balthazar

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download