6.4 Building Block of Life
[Pages:2]6.4 Building Block of Life
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 6.4
Carbon
? building block of life ? can form up to 4 covalent bonds ? 3 fundamental structures
straight chain branched ring
Just like this Brick wall is made from several
small Bricks, a Polymer is made from several small monomers.
Monomer & Polymers
? monomer ("bricks") - 1 subunit
? polymer ("brick walls") - a molecule that contains
many monomers covalently bonded together
a.k.a. macromolecules
Monomers
Polymers
monosaccharides (sugar)
polysaccharides (carbs)
amino acids
proteins
fatty acids
lipids (fats)
nucleotides
nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
? elements - C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio
ex. glucose C6H12O6
? monomer - monosaccharide (simple sugar) ? drawing -
glucose structure
Carbohydrates - Cont.
? examples monosaccharides - (simple sugars)
glucose, fructose, galactose
disaccharides - (2 sugars)
sucrose (table sugar)
polysaccharides - (many sugars)
starch (plants), glycogen (animals)
? purpose (function)
a. short term energy (sugars/starch) b. energy storage (starch/glycogen) c. structure (cellulose)
6.4 Building Block of Life
Proteins
? elements - C, H, N, O ? monomer - amino acid
a. amino group (-NH2) b. carboxyl groups (-COOH) c. "R" group (unique to each amino acid)
? drawing -
? example -
Proteins
a. peptide bonds - covalent bonds between amino acids b. dipeptide - 2 a.a. linked together c. polypeptide - many a.a. linked together d. a protein is 1 or more polypeptides
? purpose (function)
a. transportation b. speed up chemical reactions c. structure and support d. make hormones
? extra information
when pH drops or temp increases, proteins tend to unfold and lose their unique 3D shape making them useless
Lipids
? elements - C, H, O ? monomer - fatty acid chains
a. saturated - C chains are saturated with H atoms b. unsaturated - C chains contain double/triple bonds
and fewer H atoms
? drawing -
triglyceride structure
? examples-
Lipids
a. fats, oils, wax, cholesterol
b. triglycerides - 3 fatty acids and glycerol
c. phospholipids - 2 fatty acids, glycerol, and a
phosphate group
d. steroids - cholesterol and hormones
? purposes (functions)
a. store energy b. provide barriers
Nucleic Acids
? elements - C, H, O, N, P
? monomer - nucleotide
a. 5-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) b. nitrogen base c. phosphate group
? drawing -
? examples -
Nucleic Acids
a. DNA - deoxyribose nucleic acid
b. RNA - ribose nucleic acid c. ATP - adenosine triphosphate
? purposes (function)
a. store and communicate
genetic info b. carry instructions for
making proteins
(over 200,000 in the
human body)
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