Unit 1 Cellular Functions - Weebly
SBI3U - ABBEY PARK
PRACTICE MULTIPLE CHOICE
Unit 1 Cellular Functions
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. The microscope component that moves the tube up and down to focus on a specimen when using the low-power objective is the
|a. |diaphragm. |d. |fine adjustment knob. |
|b. |coarse adjustment knob. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |revolving nosepiece. | |
____ 2. The microscope component that changes the objective lenses is the
|a. |revolving nosepiece. |d. |coarse adjustment knob. |
|b. |diaphragm. |e. |stage. |
|c. |condenser lens. | |
____ 3. If the ocular lens is marked 10× and the high power objective lens is marked 40×, the total magnification is
|a. |4×. |d. |400×. |
|b. |10×. |e. |1/4×. |
|c. |40×. | |
____ 4. The best reason for schools to use light microscopes instead of electron microscopes is
|a. |light microscopes have greater resolution. |
|b. |light microscopes have higher magnification. |
|c. |light microscopes are easier to use. |
|d. |light microscope specimens are safe to handle after preparation. |
|e. |light microscopes do as good a job as electron microscopes. |
____ 5. Which of the following consumer products does not depend on cellular action?
|a. |yogurt |
|b. |leather |
|c. |cheese |
|d. |beer |
|e. |all of these products depend on cellular action |
____ 6. Which of the following statements is not a part of the cell theory?
|a. |New cells arise from cells that already exist. |
|b. |All cells contain a true nucleus. |
|c. |All living things are composed of one or more cells. |
|d. |The cell is the smallest entity that retains the properties of life. |
____ 7. Choose the best description of the nucleus.
|a. |storage centre |d. |excretion centre |
|b. |control centre |e. |transport centre |
|c. |energy centre | |
____ 8. Which of the following compounds is a component of cell membranes?
|a. |nucleic acids |c. |proteins |
|b. |cellulose |d. |water |
____ 9. Which of these cells would not be classified as eukaryotic?
|a. |plant cells |c. |blue-green algae cells |
|b. |fungi cells |d. |animal cells |
____ 10. The cell membrane is best described as
|a. |impermeable. |c. |permeable. |
|b. |selectively permeable. |d. |opaque. |
____ 11. All of the following contain their own DNA except the
|a. |mitochondrion. |c. |nucleus. |
|b. |chloroplast. |d. |ribosome. |
____ 12. Animal cells may contain all of the following organelles except
|a. |ribosomes. |d. |endoplasmic reticulum. |
|b. |mitochondria. |e. |lysosomes. |
|c. |plastids. | |
____ 13. The cytoplasm is the site of
|a. |chemical reactions. |d. |transport of nutrients. |
|b. |nutrient processing. |e. |all of the above. |
|c. |storage of wastes. | |
____ 14. The organelle responsible for ribosome formation is the
|a. |Golgi apparatus. |d. |nucleolus. |
|b. |endoplasmic reticulum. |e. |vesicle. |
|c. |nucleus. | |
____ 15. An error in the production of contractile proteins will most likely affect
|a. |cell energy use. |d. |waste management. |
|b. |cell movement. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |excretion of materials. | |
____ 16. Heavy smoking may impair the body's ability to move debris trapped in mucus out of the lungs by affecting the
|a. |flagella. |d. |cilia. |
|b. |cell membrane. |e. |mitochondria. |
|c. |vesicles. | |
____ 17. Light microscopes are used by biologists to study
|a. |mitochondrial chemistry. |d. |microfilaments. |
|b. |living cells. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |microtubules. | |
____ 18. Energy released during cellular respiration is stored in a compound called
|a. |glucose. |d. |DNA. |
|b. |ADP. |e. |RNA. |
|c. |ATP. | |
____ 19. An animal cell is capable of all of the following, except
|a. |respiration. |d. |growth. |
|b. |reproduction. |e. |metabolism. |
|c. |maintaining turgor pressure. | |
____ 20. In which type of cell would you find the fewest mitochondria?
|a. |muscle |
|b. |nerve |
|c. |digestive |
|d. |adipose |
|e. |all cells have the same number of mitochondria |
____ 21. Which organelle has its own DNA and may have been a separate organism in the past?
|a. |mitochondrion |d. |ribosome |
|b. |nucleolus |e. |endoplasmic reticulum |
|c. |Golgi apparatus | |
____ 22. At what organelle are amino acids bonded together?
|a. |endoplasmic reticulum |
|b. |nucleus |
|c. |vacuole |
|d. |ribosome |
|e. |amino acids are not bonded at an organelle |
____ 23. Ribosomes are composed of
|a. |DNA and RNA. |
|b. |rRNA and proteins. |
|c. |DNA and proteins. |
|d. |proteins and lipids. |
|e. |ribosomes are organelles and are not composed of anything. |
____ 24. Cells specialized to secrete protein usually have large numbers of
|a. |rough endoplasmic reticulum. |d. |lysosomes. |
|b. |Golgi apparatus. |e. |vacuoles. |
|c. |smooth endoplasmic reticulum. | |
____ 25. The organelle responsible for storage and packaging of proteins is the
|a. |nucleus. |d. |vesicle. |
|b. |ribosome. |e. |Golgi apparatus. |
|c. |endoplasmic reticulum. | |
____ 26. Small protein-filled sacs in animal cells are known as
|a. |vacuoles. |d. |ribosomes. |
|b. |droplets. |e. |microtubules. |
|c. |vesicles. | |
____ 27. The process by which vesicle contents are released from a cell is
|a. |diffusion. |d. |exocytosis. |
|b. |osmosis. |e. |respiration. |
|c. |endocytosis. | |
____ 28. The main function of vesicles within the cell is
|a. |maintaining turgor. |d. |transport. |
|b. |endocytosis. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |protein synthesis. | |
____ 29. Vesicles are formed during
|a. |protein synthesis. |d. |photosynthesis. |
|b. |endocytosis. |e. |cell division. |
|c. |cellular respiration. | |
____ 30. Lysosomes are formed by the
|a. |Golgi apparatus. |d. |ribosomes. |
|b. |nucleus. |e. |vacuoles. |
|c. |mitochondria. | |
____ 31. Lysosomes contain
|a. |enzymes. |d. |carbohydrates. |
|b. |lipids. |e. |all of the above. |
|c. |nucleic acids. | |
____ 32. Most body cells are continually being replaced as they wear out. The organelle responsible for breaking down worn-out cells is the
|a. |cell membrane. |d. |endoplasmic reticulum. |
|b. |vacuole. |e. |lysosome. |
|c. |vesicle. | |
____ 33. More than 30 different hereditary disorders have been linked to defective digestive enzymes in the
|a. |nucleus. |d. |mitochondria. |
|b. |lysosomes. |e. |cytoplasm. |
|c. |ribosomes. | |
____ 34. Microfilaments
|a. |provide shape and movement for cells. |
|b. |transport materials throughout the cytoplasm. |
|c. |convert chemical energy to electrical energy. |
|d. |are artificial structures produced using nanotechnology. |
|e. |none of the above. |
____ 35. Microtubules
|a. |provide shape and movement for cells. |
|b. |transport materials throughout the cytoplasm. |
|c. |convert chemical energy to electrical energy. |
|d. |are artificial structures produced using nanotechnology. |
|e. |none of the above. |
____ 36. The pressure exerted against the cell membrane and cell wall is known as
|a. |wall pressure. |d. |cell pressure. |
|b. |turgor pressure. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |negative pressure. | |
____ 37. A plant vacuole serves as a storage space for
|a. |water. |d. |proteins. |
|b. |sugars. |e. |all of the above. |
|c. |minerals. | |
____ 38. Animal cells are not able to produce sugars because they lack
|a. |Golgi apparatus. |d. |amyloplasts. |
|b. |mitochondria. |e. |chromoplasts. |
|c. |chloroplasts. | |
____ 39. Lugol's solution can be used to show the presence of
|a. |endoplasmic reticulum. |d. |chromoplasts. |
|b. |amyloplasts. |e. |vacuoles. |
|c. |nucleolus. | |
____ 40. An onion cell is examined for the presence of chloroplasts. What colour should be seen?
|a. |red |d. |green |
|b. |orange |e. |purple |
|c. |yellow | |
____ 41. Some parts of a plant are unable to convert solar energy to chemical energy. The organelle that is missing is probably the
|a. |chromoplast. |d. |mitochondrion. |
|b. |chloroplast. |e. |nucleus. |
|c. |vacuole. | |
____ 42. Which of the following is not necessary for a plant to perform photosynthesis?
|a. |carbon dioxide |d. |minerals |
|b. |water |e. |sugar |
|c. |sunlight | |
____ 43. The jellylike material that helps hold plant cells together is
|a. |starch. |d. |lamellin. |
|b. |pectin. |e. |sugar. |
|c. |cellulose. | |
____ 44. When fruit is made into jam or jelly, it naturally thickens due to the presence of
|a. |starch. |d. |pectin. |
|b. |sugar. |e. |cellulose. |
|c. |lipids. | |
____ 45. Plant cell walls are primarily composed of
|a. |starch. |d. |cellulose. |
|b. |pectin. |e. |chlorophyll. |
|c. |protein. | |
____ 46. Which of the following are functions of cell walls?
|a. |protect the cell |d. |all of the above |
|b. |support the cell |e. |only a and b |
|c. |regulate passage of materials | |
____ 47. After making a wet mount slide to study a cell, you notice an air bubble under the cover slip. What should be done to remove it?
|a. |squeeze the slide between your thumb and forefinger |
|b. |add gas-line antifreeze to absorb the bubble |
|c. |put a piece of paper towel beside the slide to remove the water |
|d. |tap gently with a pencil eraser |
|e. |nothing can remove bubbles |
____ 48. When using a light microscope to observe a cell nucleus, you should start your observations under
|a. |low power. |d. |any power will do. |
|b. |medium power. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |high power. | |
____ 49. When using the microscope you find that the cell you want to observe is in the upper, righthand area of the field. To centre the cell, move the slide
|a. |down and left. |
|b. |down and right. |
|c. |up and left. |
|d. |up and right. |
|e. |you cannot centre a cell, get a new slide and start over. |
____ 50. Lugol's solution is used on plant cell slides because
|a. |it is nontoxic. |d. |stains starch-containing structures. |
|b. |stains all plant organelles. |e. |all of the above. |
|c. |does not affect cell metabolism. | |
____ 51. After observing plant and animal cells using a light microscope, it can be stated that they
|a. |are identical. |d. |both have a cell wall. |
|b. |are completely different. |e. |both have ribosomes. |
|c. |both have a cell nucleus. | |
____ 52. Animal cells must obtain energy from chemical sources because they do not have
|a. |lysosomes. |d. |chloroplasts. |
|b. |mitochondria. |e. |cell walls. |
|c. |chromoplasts. | |
____ 53. Cells of the digestive system require more mitochondria than fat storage cells because
|a. |mitochondria break down starch to glucose. |
|b. |fat cannot be digested. |
|c. |digestive cells work harder than storage cells. |
|d. |fat contains less energy than other food. |
|e. |both types of cells require the same number of mitochondria. |
____ 54. Many nutrients are a source of energy for the body. Which of these nutrients provides the most energy per gram of material?
|a. |carbohydrates |d. |vitamins |
|b. |lipids |e. |all provide the same amount of energy |
|c. |proteins | |
____ 55. Which nutrient is the important source of energy?
|a. |carbohydrates |d. |vitamins |
|b. |lipids |e. |minerals |
|c. |proteins | |
____ 56. Which nutrient should make up the largest component of a healthy diet?
|a. |carbohydrates |d. |minerals |
|b. |lipids |e. |vitamins |
|c. |proteins | |
____ 57. Which of the following atoms is not found in carbohydrates?
|a. |carbon |d. |nitrogen |
|b. |hydrogen |e. |all of these are found in carbohydrates |
|c. |oxygen | |
____ 58. Which of the following sugars is not a monosaccharide?
|a. |glucose |d. |galactose |
|b. |fructose |e. |all are monosaccharides |
|c. |sucrose | |
____ 59. [pic] is the chemical formula for
|a. |glucose. |d. |all of the above. |
|b. |fructose. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |galactose. | |
____ 60. When two monosaccharides are bonded to form a disaccharide, what else is produced?
|a. |water |d. |starch |
|b. |carbon dioxide |e. |nothing else is produced |
|c. |oxygen | |
____ 61. In which of the following would you not expect to find polysaccharides?
|a. |potatoes |d. |insect exoskeletons |
|b. |tree bark |e. |all of these have polysaccharides |
|c. |animal livers | |
____ 62. Which of the following is not an example of a lipid?
|a. |bacon fat |d. |cholesterol |
|b. |corn oil |e. |all of these are lipids |
|c. |beeswax | |
____ 63. Which of these is incorrect? Lipids
|a. |store energy. |
|b. |aid in mineral absorption. |
|c. |insulate the body. |
|d. |protect delicate organs. |
|e. |act as a raw material for synthesis of hormones. |
____ 64. Energy is stored in the body as
|a. |sugar and starch. |d. |glycogen and lipids. |
|b. |protein and lipids. |e. |proteins and starch. |
|c. |glycogen and proteins. | |
____ 65. An organic compound having a molecular formula of [pic] is most likely a
|a. |protein. |d. |mineral. |
|b. |fatty acid. |e. |vitamin. |
|c. |carbohydrate. | |
____ 66. If a lipid is isolated from a plant, it is most likely
|a. |a liquid at room temperature. |d. |all of the above. |
|b. |polyunsaturated. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |an oil. | |
____ 67. If a lipid is isolated from an animal, it is most likely
|a. |saturated. |d. |all of the above. |
|b. |solid at room temperature. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |a fat. | |
____ 68. Many people prefer a margarine that spreads like butter. What chemical process is used commercially to make the plant lipids more solid?
|a. |dehydration synthesis |d. |dehydration |
|b. |hydrogenation |e. |freezing |
|c. |dehydrogenation | |
____ 69. To produce a soap, a strong base is reacted with a
|a. |carbohydrate. |d. |nucleic acid. |
|b. |lipid. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |protein. | |
____ 70. Testosterone and estrogen are chemically related as
|a. |carbohydrates. |d. |vitamins. |
|b. |lipids. |e. |minerals. |
|c. |proteins. | |
____ 71. The dietary nutrient that has been linked with heart disease when in excess is the
|a. |carbohydrate. |d. |vitamin. |
|b. |lipid. |e. |mineral. |
|c. |protein. | |
____ 72. If your doctor has informed you that you have plaque deposits in your blood vessels and could be at risk of a stroke or heart attack in the future, what should you decrease in your diet?
|a. |all lipids |
|b. |proteins |
|c. |cholesterol |
|d. |carbohydrates |
|e. |none of these; diet has no link to this problem |
____ 73. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
|a. |nitrogen. |d. |nitrogen and sometimes chlorine. |
|b. |nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. |e. |sulfur and sometimes sodium. |
|c. |sulfur. | |
____ 74. How many different amino acids are available for the assembling of proteins?
|a. |100 |d. |8 |
|b. |40 |e. |an infinite number |
|c. |20 | |
____ 75. Essential amino acids are those the body cannot synthesize. How many are there?
|a. |20 |d. |8 |
|b. |12 |e. |4 |
|c. |10 | |
____ 76. What dietary material must be consumed to obtain essential amino acids?
|a. |meat |d. |any of the above |
|b. |vegetables |e. |a or c |
|c. |a combination of grains and beans | |
____ 77. The following statements describe protein synthesis, but they are not in order.
1. tRNA brought into position
2. mRNA built by transcription
3. amino acids brought into position in chain
4. pattern coded in DNA
What is the correct order?
|a. |4, 3, 2, 1 |d. |3, 4, 2, 1 |
|b. |4, 3, 1, 2 |e. |1, 2, 3, 4 |
|c. |4, 2, 1, 3 | |
____ 78. What reagent is commonly used to test for the presence of monosaccharides?
|a. |Lugol's |d. |Sudan IV |
|b. |Benedict's |e. |brown paper |
|c. |Biuret | |
____ 79. What reagent is commonly used to test for the presence of starch?
|a. |Lugol's |d. |Sudan IV |
|b. |Benedict's |e. |brown paper |
|c. |Biuret | |
____ 80. What reagent is commonly used to test for the presence of protein?
|a. |Lugol's |d. |Sudan IV |
|b. |Benedict's |e. |brown paper |
|c. |Biuret | |
____ 81. What chemical reagent is commonly used to test for the presence of lipids?
|a. |Lugol's |d. |Sudan IV |
|b. |Benedict's |e. |brown paper |
|c. |Biuret | |
____ 82. Which of the nucleotides below is found in RNA but not in DNA?
|a. |adenine |d. |thymine |
|b. |cytosine |e. |uracil |
|c. |guanine | |
____ 83. According to present theory, how many nucleotides are needed to code for a given amino acid?
|a. |1 |d. |4 |
|b. |2 |e. |none of the above |
|c. |3 | |
____ 84. If a protein insulin is made up of 51 amino acids, how many DNA bases are needed to code for the protein? Disregard any other codes, such as "stop."
|a. |51 |d. |204 |
|b. |102 |e. |none of the above |
|c. |153 | |
____ 85. Nucleotide pairings are important to the DNA double helix. Which of these pairings is correct for a DNA strand?
|a. |cytosine - thymine |d. |guanine - adenine |
|b. |cytosine - guanine |e. |adenine - uracil |
|c. |thymine - guanine | |
____ 86. Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is correct?
|a. |Both ends of the phospholipid are hydrophilic. |
|b. |Both ends of the phospholipid are hydrophobic. |
|c. |There is one type of protein embedded in the bilayer. |
|d. |A variety of proteins are embedded in the bilayer. |
|e. |None of these statements is correct. |
____ 87. What is the function of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?
|a. |active transport |d. |cell identification |
|b. |passive transport |e. |all of the above |
|c. |hormone receptors | |
____ 88. The proteins embedded in the cell membrane are involved in
|a. |cell identification. |d. |a and c only. |
|b. |selective absorption. |e. |a, b and c. |
|c. |hormone reception. | |
____ 89. The movement of materials across a cell membrane without the expenditure of cell energy is called
|a. |passive transport. |d. |diffusion. |
|b. |active transport. |e. |endocytosis. |
|c. |Brownian motion. | |
____ 90. If a perfume bottle is broken, the scent will spread to all parts of the room. This is a result of
|a. |active transport. |d. |facilitated diffusion. |
|b. |diffusion. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |osmosis. | |
____ 91. When the city recreation department pours chlorine into a wading pool to keep it clean, what process is spreading the chlorine throughout the pool?
|a. |diffusion |d. |active transport |
|b. |osmosis |e. |phagocytosis |
|c. |passive transport | |
____ 92. If a solution is described as hypotonic compared to a cell, the solution has
|a. |a higher concentration of solutes than the cell. |
|b. |a lower concentration of solutes than the cell. |
|c. |the same concentration of solutes as the cell. |
|d. |a lower water concentration than the cell. |
|e. |no solvent. |
____ 93. If a solution is described as hypertonic compared to a cell, the solution has
|a. |a lower concentration of solutes than the cell. |
|b. |a higher concentration of solutes than the cell. |
|c. |the same concentration of solutes as the cell. |
|d. |the same concentration of water as the cell. |
|e. |no solvent. |
____ 94. Some substances, such as glucose, diffuse into the cell faster than other materials. The most likely explanation for this involves
|a. |large holes in the cell membrane. |
|b. |glucose is more energetic than other materials. |
|c. |phospholipid assistance. |
|d. |protein carrier molecules. |
|e. |glycoproteins. |
____ 95. The wilting of a plant exposed to excess fertilizer can be explained by
|a. |absorbing an over-dose of fertilizer. |d. |both b and c. |
|b. |osmosis. |e. |a, b and c. |
|c. |loss of turgor pressure. | |
____ 96. Meat and fish are often preserved by salting. This method prevents spoilage by applying knowledge of
|a. |osmosis. |
|b. |the poisonous nature of chlorine in salt. |
|c. |active transport. |
|d. |hypotonic solutions. |
|e. |facilitated diffusion. |
____ 97. How can a cell move materials across a membrane against a concentration gradient?
|a. |osmosis |
|b. |facilitated diffusion |
|c. |passive transport |
|d. |active transport |
|e. |the cell cannot move materials against a gradient |
____ 98. Amoeba, like some white blood cells, engulf particles that can not be absorbed otherwise by using
|a. |diffusion. |d. |phagocytosis. |
|b. |carrier molecules. |e. |exocytosis. |
|c. |pinocytosis. | |
____ 99. After food has been engulfed by Amoeba, how is it digested?
|a. |It is not digested; it can be used immediately. |
|b. |The Amoeba's stomach acts on the food. |
|c. |Enzymes in the cytoplasm digest the food. |
|d. |A lysosome fuses with the food vacuole. |
|e. |The food is ejected because it is not digested. |
____ 100. Which organelle indirectly makes use of exocytosis?
|a. |nucleus |d. |mitochondria |
|b. |Golgi apparatus |e. |all organelles use exocytosis |
|c. |ribosome | |
____ 101. What would be observed if an animal cell was placed in a hypotonic solution?
|a. |nothing |
|b. |Water could be seen flowing into the cell. |
|c. |Water could be seen flowing out of a cell. |
|d. |The cell would get smaller. |
|e. |The cell would get larger and could burst. |
____ 102. What would be observed if a plant cell was placed in a hypertonic solution?
|a. |nothing |
|b. |The cell would get larger and could burst. |
|c. |Water could be seen flowing out of the cell. |
|d. |The cell would shrink away from the cell wall. |
|e. |The whole cell would shrink. |
____ 103. Which of the following statements best describes life on the planet Earth?
|a. |Energy and matter are both recycled. |
|b. |Energy flows through, but matter is recycled. |
|c. |Matter flows through, but energy is recycled. |
|d. |Both matter and energy flow through and are not recycled. |
|e. |Matter and energy have nothing to do with life on Earth. |
____ 104. In what form does most of the energy used by organisms enter the system?
|a. |chemical energy |d. |solar energy |
|b. |potential energy |e. |mechanical energy |
|c. |geothermal energy | |
____ 105. Organisms that use solar energy to make their own food from inorganic compounds are known as
|a. |autotrophs. |
|b. |heterotrophs. |
|c. |plants. |
|d. |animals. |
|e. |food can not be made from inorganic compounds. |
____ 106. The process of using sunlight to convert low-energy compounds into higher-energy compounds is known as
|a. |fermentation. |d. |chemosynthesis. |
|b. |respiration. |e. |phosphorylation. |
|c. |photosynthesis. | |
____ 107. If a tanker carrying weed killer were to sink into the ocean, algae could be wiped out. What gas would be expected to build up in the environment?
|a. |nitrogen |d. |hydrogen |
|b. |oxygen |e. |all of these gases would build up |
|c. |carbon dioxide | |
____ 108. Humans are clearing vast areas of forest for agriculture. It has been predicted that if this is not stopped, we are in danger of running out of an atmospheric gas. Which gas is provided by forests?
|a. |nitrogen |d. |hydrogen |
|b. |oxygen |e. |the forest provides all of these gases |
|c. |carbon dioxide | |
____ 109. Identify the products of photosynthesis
|a. |carbon dioxide and water. |d. |water and sunlight. |
|b. |glucose and oxygen. |e. |carbon dioxide and oxygen. |
|c. |glucose and carbon dioxide. | |
____ 110. What name is given to organisms that cannot convert low-energy inorganic compounds into food?
|a. |phototrophs |d. |parasites |
|b. |heterotrophs |e. |primary fermenters |
|c. |autotrophs | |
____ 111. How is energy stored by photosynthetic organisms?
|a. |heat energy |d. |chemical bond energy |
|b. |light energy |e. |these organisms can not store energy |
|c. |kinetic energy | |
____ 112. How much energy is released for every mole of glucose that is used for aerobic respiration?
|a. |1 ATP |
|b. |6 ATP |
|c. |36 ATP |
|d. |18 ATP |
|e. |Energy is not released; it is used immediately. |
____ 113. Many of the body's chemicals can be used as fuel for cellular respiration, but they follow a priority order. In which order are the following used as energy sources?
|a. |glycogen, lipids, glucose, proteins |d. |glucose, glycogen, lipids, proteins |
|b. |glucose, glycogen, proteins, lipids |e. |glycogen, glucose, lipids, proteins |
|c. |lipids, glucose, glycogen, proteins | |
____ 114. It has been estimated that some of the energy stored in glucose is lost during cellular respiration. What percentage of the glucose energy is stored as ATP?
|a. |50% |d. |18% |
|b. |36% |e. |7% |
|c. |64% | |
____ 115. Which of the equations shown best illustrates phosphorylation?
|a. |[pic] |d. |[pic] |
|b. |[pic] |e. |[pic] |
|c. |[pic] | |
____ 116. In cellular respiration, some of the energy stored in glucose is lost. What form does this "lost" energy take?
|a. |chemical energy |d. |light energy |
|b. |mechanical energy |e. |kinetic energy |
|c. |thermal energy | |
____ 117. What is the purpose of the electron transport system?
|a. |Energy is released in smaller, usable amounts. |
|b. |Heat does not damage cells. |
|c. |Electrons can be moved from one part of a cell to another. |
|d. |All of the above are true. |
|e. |Only a and b are true. |
____ 118. If sufficient oxygen is not available for aerobic respiration to occur, what is produced in the cell's fermentation reaction?
|a. |carbon dioxide |
|b. |lactic acid |
|c. |alcohol |
|d. |All of these can be produced. |
|e. |If cells do not have oxygen they can not use energy. |
____ 119. What are the disadvantages of anaerobic respiration in the human body?
|a. |Less energy is released from glucose. |
|b. |The product of the reaction is potentially harmful. |
|c. |Both a and b are disadvantages. |
|d. |There are no disadvantages. |
|e. |Anaerobic respiration is advantageous because oxygen is not needed. |
____ 120. What percentage of the available energy is released during alcoholic fermentation?
|a. |100% |d. |2% |
|b. |36% |e. |97% |
|c. |18% | |
Unit 2 Genetic Continuity
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which of the following events is not characteristic of interphase?
|a. |The cell is inactive. |
|b. |Proteins are synthesized for the next mitotic division. |
|c. |Proteins are synthesized for cell growth and metabolism |
|d. |The genetic material duplicates in preparation for mitosis. |
|e. |The genetic material is referred to as chromatin. |
____ 2. The series of events that takes place from the formation of a cell until it divides again is called
|a. |mitosis. |d. |the cell cycle. |
|b. |meiosis. |e. |fertilization. |
|c. |cell growth. | |
____ 3. If one of two newly formed daughter cells has one extra chromosome, and the other daughter cell has one less, the problem in the preceding mitotic division probably occurred in
|a. |prophase. |d. |telophase. |
|b. |metaphase. |e. |cytokinesis. |
|c. |anaphase. | |
____ 4. The proper sequence of mitosis is
|a. |prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase |
|b. |prophase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase. |
|c. |metaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase |
|d. |telophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase |
|e. |prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
____ 5. What is the correct sequence of the following events that occur in mitosis?
1. The cytoplasm and organelles are divided between the daughter cells.
2. The nucleolus and nuclear envelope reappear.
3. The centromere splits.
4. The chromosomes condense and the nucleolus disappears.
5. The chromosomes are pulled to the poles of the cell.
6. The chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane.
|a. |2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4 |d. |4, 6, 3, 5, 2, 1 |
|b. |1, 4, 3, 5, 6, 2 |e. |4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1 |
|c. |4, 3, 6, 5, 1, 2 | |
____ 6. Which of the following structures disappears in prophase and reappears in telophase?
|a. |centromeres |d. |spindle fibres |
|b. |cell membrane |e. |nuclear membrane |
|c. |chromosomes | |
____ 7. During anaphase of mitosis
|a. |centrioles divide. |
|b. |chromosomes migrate toward poles. |
|c. |asters and spindle form. |
|d. |nuclear membranes reform. |
|e. |chromosomes attach to spindle fibres |
____ 8. Select the answer which gives the correct sequence of events in the mitosis of onion root tip cells.
1. cell plate formation
2. appearance of spindle fibers
3. movement to centre of the cell
4. separation of chromatids
5. chromatin condenses
|a. |5, 2, 3, 4, 1 |d. |5, 3, 2, 4, 1 |
|b. |1, 4, 2, 5, 3 |e. |5, 3, 4, 2, 1 |
|c. |3, 2, 5, 4, 1 | |
____ 9. If a cell with 36 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, each daughter cell will have
|a. |36 chromosomes. |d. |9 chromosomes. |
|b. |72 chromosomes. |e. |6 chromosomes. |
|c. |18 chromosomes. | |
____ 10. If the centromere in one of your 46 chromosomes does not split until telophase, it would result in
|a. |two cells, each with 46 chromosomes. |
|b. |two cells, each with 23 chromosomes. |
|c. |two cells, one with 45 chromosomes and one with 47 chromosomes. |
|d. |two cells, one with 23 chromosomes and one with 46 chromosomes. |
|e. |two cells, one with 40 and chromosomes and one with 52 chromosomes. |
____ 11. A certain cell undergoes mitosis every 20 min. The number of cells produced from one original cell after 1 h 20 min. would be
|a. |2. |d. |80. |
|b. |16. |e. |8. |
|c. |32. | |
____ 12. Which cells in the human body have a diploid number of 46 chromosomes in their nuclei?
|a. |all cells |
|b. |only the reproductive cells |
|c. |only cells that are produced by meiosis |
|d. |only zygotes |
|e. |only cells that are produced by mitosis |
____ 13. An important feature of meiosis is that it
|a. |results in the production of a fertilized egg cell. |
|b. |minimizes the number of genetically different gametes. |
|c. |doubles the chromosome number between successive generations. |
|d. |maintains the same number of chromosomes in the organism between generations. |
|e. |reduces the number of chromosomes in the organism between generations. |
____ 14. A cell in a human testis is undergoing meiosis. What is the sequence of the following events?
1. A cell division occurs without the duplication of chromosomes.
2. The chromosomes replicate in interphase.
3. Haploid cells are formed.
4. Without separation of the centromere, the chromosomes move to the poles of the cell.
5. The centromere splits and the chromosomes move to the poles of the cell.
|a. |2, 4, 5, 1, 3 |d. |2, 5, 1, 4, 3 |
|b. |1, 5, 4, 3, 2 |e. |2, 1, 5, 4, 3 |
|c. |4, 1, 5, 2, 3 | |
____ 15. Which statement does not describe the interphase between telophase I and prophase II of meiosis?
|a. |Replication of DNA occurs. |
|b. |In most cells, the chromosomes have uncoiled. |
|c. |If present, centrioles migrate to opposite poles. |
|d. |In most cells, a nuclear membrane surrounds the chromosomes. |
|e. |The cells contain chromosomes with a mixture of paternal and maternal genes. |
____ 16. During meiosis, genetic variation in the gametes is achieved by
|a. |replication and fertilization. |d. |crossing over and random assortment. |
|b. |crossing over and replication. |e. |replication and random assortment. |
|c. |crossing over and fertilization. | |
____ 17. Each human cell may contain as many as 100 000 genes. Most of these are represented by two copies in each of your body cells. How many copies of each gene would be in a single cell in telophase I of meiosis?
|a. |1 |d. |4 |
|b. |2 |e. |8 |
|c. |3 | |
____ 18. Which is a result of meiosis?
|a. |Chromosome number is reduced to one-half the original number. |
|b. |New combinations of genes are produced when crossing over occurs. |
|c. |Maternal and paternal chromosomes are mixed when homologous chromosomes separate independently. |
|d. |Genetic variation is maintained within species. |
|e. |All of these choices are results of meiosis. |
____ 19. Classify the following statement: The resulting cells contain one chromosome from each homologous pair.
|a. |mitosis |d. |neither mitosis nor meiosis |
|b. |meiosis |e. |both mitosis and meiosis |
|c. |fertilization | |
____ 20. Classify the following statement: The centromere splits prior to the separation of the chromosomes.
|a. |mitosis |d. |neither mitosis nor meiosis |
|b. |meiosis |e. |both mitosis and meiosis |
|c. |fertilization | |
____ 21. Classify the following statement: The chromosomes are replicated in interphase.
|a. |mitosis |d. |neither mitosis nor meiosis |
|b. |meiosis |e. |both mitosis and meiosis |
|c. |fertilization | |
____ 22. Classify the following statement: The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
|a. |mitosis |d. |neither mitosis nor meiosis |
|b. |meiosis |e. |both mitosis and meiosis |
|c. |fertilization | |
____ 23. Classify the following statement: This type of nuclear division helps maintain the number of chromosomes from generation to generation.
|a. |mitosis |d. |neither mitosis nor meiosis |
|b. |meiosis |e. |both mitosis and meiosis |
|c. |fertilization | |
____ 24. If one pair of your 23 pairs of chromosomes does not separate during anaphase I of meiosis, the consequence would be the production of
|a. |four cells, each with 23 chromosomes. |
|b. |four cells, two with 23 chromosomes and two with 46 chromosomes. |
|c. |four cells, two with 45 chromosomes and two with 47 chromosomes. |
|d. |four cells, two with 22 chromosomes and two with 24 chromosomes. |
|e. |four cells, two with 23 chromosomes and two with 47 chromosomes. |
____ 25. The haploid chromosome number in humans is
|a. |23. |d. |92. |
|b. |46. |e. |69. |
|c. |48. | |
____ 26. If a sperm cell contains 18 chromosomes, a muscle cell from the same organism will contain
|a. |9 chromosomes. |d. |18 pairs of chromosomes. |
|b. |9 pairs of chromosomes. |e. |27 chromosomes. |
|c. |18 chromosomes. | |
____ 27. The genetic defect known as Down Syndrome is due to
|a. |an extra chromosome. |d. |a missing sex chromosome. |
|b. |a nonfunctional enzyme. |e. |two female sex chromosome |
|c. |linkage and crossing over. | |
____ 28. How many chromosomes would occur in each body cell of a person who has combined Down/Klinefelter syndrome?
|a. |23 |d. |47 |
|b. |45 |e. |48 |
|c. |46 | |
____ 29. Down Syndrome
|a. |occurs only in females. |d. |is caused by a missing chromosome. |
|b. |occurs in males and females equally. |e. |occurs only in males. |
|c. |is a result of an extra chromosome. | |
____ 30. Which of the following is characteristic of meiosis but not of mitosis?
|a. |involves cell division |
|b. |occurs in both plants and animals |
|c. |results in chromosome reduction to a single set |
|d. |involves a distribution of chromosomes to daughter nuclei |
|e. |involves the movement of chromosomes |
____ 31. The events which occur in both mitosis and meiosis are similar except during
|a. |anaphase. |
|b. |chromosomal duplications. |
|c. |mitotic metaphase and first meiotic metaphase. |
|d. |mitotic metaphase and second meiotic metaphase. |
|e. |the first interphase. |
____ 32. During which stage would it be most easy to distinguish a cell undergoing mitosis from a similar cell undergoing the first meiotic division?
|a. |telophase |d. |metaphase |
|b. |prophase |e. |interphase |
|c. |anaphase | |
____ 33. Which of the following would you find at the end of the telophase I stage of meiosis?
|a. |one haploid cell |d. |one diploid cell |
|b. |two haploid cells |e. |two diploid cells |
|c. |four haploid cells | |
____ 34. Mendel's First Law (the Law of Segregation) states that
|a. |the dominant form of a trait will appear in every generation. |
|b. |members of different pairs of genes behave independently during meiosis. |
|c. |genes are carried in pairs and separate during meiosis to be distributed into different sex cells. |
|d. |the probability of two or more independent events occurring together is the product of the individual probabilities. |
|e. |if genes are located on separate chromosomes, they are inherited independently of each other. |
____ 35. What name did Mendel give to the characteristic that seemingly disappeared for a generation?
|a. |dominant |d. |heterozygous |
|b. |recessive |e. |allele |
|c. |homozygous | |
____ 36. When homozygous tall pea plants are crossed with homozygous short pea plants, all the F[pic] offspring are tall. In the F[pic] generation, 1/4 are short plants. These F[pic] individuals illustrate
|a. |codominance. |
|b. |Mendel's Law of Dominance. |
|c. |Mendel's Law of Segregation. |
|d. |Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment. |
|e. |incomplete dominance. |
____ 37. A gene exists in two different forms (A and a). With respect to the allele present, which type of gamete can a homozygous recessive individual produce?
|a. |a |d. |A and a |
|b. |A |e. |AA |
|c. |Aa | |
____ 38. The term "phenotype" may be defined as
|a. |genes on the Y chromosome. |
|b. |the genetic makeup of the individual. |
|c. |genes on the X chromosome. |
|d. |the gene pool expression of a population. |
|e. |an observable expression of genotype. |
____ 39. The gene makeup of an organism for a particular trait is its
|a. |genotype. |d. |recessiveness. |
|b. |pedigree. |e. |dominance. |
|c. |phenotype. | |
____ 40. The physical appearance of an organism for a particular trait is its
|a. |genotype. |d. |recessiveness. |
|b. |pedigree. |e. |dominance. |
|c. |phenotype. | |
____ 41. If the parents of F[pic] are SS and ss, then the F[pic] will be
|a. |all Ss. |d. |all SS. |
|b. |1/2 Ss and 1/2 SS. |e. |1/4 SS, 1/2 Ss, and 1/4 ss. |
|c. |1/2 ss and 1/2 Ss. | |
____ 42. Familial intestinal polyposis results in multiple fingerlike growths (polyps) from the lining of the large intestine. It is inherited as a dominant trait. Let P represent the allele producing the polyps and p represent the normal allele. One parent is Pp and the other pp. If the couple has four children, how many would be expected to have the familial intestinal polyposis phenotype?
|a. |1 |d. |4 |
|b. |2 |e. |0 |
|c. |3 | |
____ 43. In the cross of Tt × Tt, the proportion of the offspring that will have the same genotype as the parents is
|a. |25%. |d. |100%. |
|b. |50%. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |75%. | |
____ 44. If 3/4 of the offspring from any experimental crosses showed only the dominant characteristics, the parents of those particular offspring were
|a. |both heterozygous. |
|b. |both homozygous dominant. |
|c. |one homozygous dominant, one recessive. |
|d. |one heterozygous, one homozygous dominant. |
|e. |both homozygous recessive. |
____ 45. If an organism of genotype AA mates with an organism of genotype Aa and 150 offspring are produced, the number of offspring with genotype Aa will most probably be close to
|a. |0. |d. |100. |
|b. |30. |e. |70. |
|c. |120. | |
____ 46. Hornless is dominant to horned in cattle. A farmer has a herd of hornless cattle. Occasionally, a horned calf appears in his herd. The reason for this is that
|a. |a mutation occurred. |d. |all the cattle are homozygous hornless. |
|b. |some of the cattle are heterozygous. |e. |the law of segregation occurred. |
|c. |hornless is a sex-linked characteristic. | |
____ 47. A tall pea plant was shown by a test cross to be homozygous dominant. The tall plant was crossed with a dwarf pea plant. The F1 generation of the cross will be
|a. |all tall. |d. |3/4 tall and 1/4 dwarf. |
|b. |all dwarf. |e. |1/2 tall and 1/2 dwarf. |
|c. |2/3 tall and 1/3 dwarf. | |
____ 48. Two parents were known to be right-handed. Assuming that right-handed (R) is dominant to left-handed (r), what would be the genotypes of the parents if their son is left-handed?
|a. |rr × rr |d. |Rr × Rr |
|b. |rr × Rr |e. |RR × RR |
|c. |RR × rr | |
____ 49. To determine if an organism with a dominant phenotype is heterozygous, the organism is mated to an individual that is
|a. |heterozygous for the trait in question. |
|b. |homozygous recessive for the trait in question. |
|c. |homozygous dominant for the trait in question. |
|d. |of the same genotype as the organism being tested. |
|e. |opposite to the genotype as the organism being tested. |
____ 50. A test cross is one in which the organism to be tested is mated with an organism that is
|a. |heterozygous for the trait. |
|b. |homozygous dominant for the trait. |
|c. |homozygous recessive for the trait. |
|d. |of the same genotype as the organism being tested. |
|e. |the opposite genotype to the organism being tested. |
____ 51. The alleles for blood types A and B are codominant but are dominant over the allele for blood type O. Answer the following question. A female with AB blood type and a male with O blood type have several children. The phenotypic ratio for these children would be
|a. |1/2 type A and 1/2 type B. |
|b. |1/4 type O and 3/4 type A. |
|c. |1/2 type AB and 1/2 type O. |
|d. |1/4 type O, 1/2 type AB and 1/4 type A. |
|e. |1/2 type O, 1/4 type AB and 1/4 type A. |
____ 52. I[pic]I[pic] represents the blood group phenotype
|a. |A. |c. |O. |
|b. |B. |d. |AB. |
____ 53. Knowledge of the parents' genotypes allows us to predict that the children's blood types would be 1/2 type AB and 1/2 type A. It follows that the parents' blood types are
|a. |A and B. |d. |A and O. |
|b. |AB and B. |e. |AB and O. |
|c. |AB and A. | |
____ 54. Which parent genotypes could possibly have all four blood groups expressed in the offspring?
|a. |I[pic]I[pic] and I[pic]I[pic] |d. |I[pic]I[pic] and I[pic]I[pic] |
|b. |I[pic]I[pic] and I[pic]I[pic] |e. |I[pic]I[pic] and I[pic]I[pic] |
|c. |I[pic]I[pic] and I[pic]I[pic] | |
____ 55. A woman with blood type A has a child with blood type O. What is the woman's genotype?
|a. |I[pic]I[pic] |d. |I[pic]I[pic] |
|b. |I[pic]I[pic] |e. |I[pic]I[pic] |
|c. |I[pic]I[pic] | |
____ 56. Use the "A-B-O" method of blood-typing in humans to answer the question. How many phenotypes exist for this method of blood-typing?
|a. |one |d. |four |
|b. |two |e. |five |
|c. |three | |
____ 57. Use the "A-B-O" method of blood-typing in humans to answer the question. Blood type is controlled by how many genes in any one individual?
|a. |one |d. |four |
|b. |two |e. |five |
|c. |three | |
____ 58. Use the "A-B-O" method of blood-typing in humans to answer the question. If a male were of blood type A, he
|a. |might be carrying an O gene. |
|b. |could not marry a type B female. |
|c. |would necessarily be homozygous. |
|d. |could be any of four possible genotypes. |
|e. |could not marry a type O female. |
____ 59. Use the "A-B-O" method of blood-typing in humans to answer the question. A man with blood type AB married a woman with blood type A who carried a gene for type O. What are the possible blood types of their children?
|a. |type A and type B only |d. |type A, type B, and type AB |
|b. |type A and type AB only |e. |type AB only |
|c. |type B and type AB only | |
____ 60. In poultry, a crested head is produced by a dominant allele (C) and a plain head by its recessive allele (c). Black feather colour (B) is dominant to red (b). A homozygous red-feathered, crest-headed bird is mated to a homozygous black-feathered, plain-headed bird. The type of inheritance expressed is
|a. |many alleles controlling one trait. |
|b. |dominance in both pairs of genes. |
|c. |incomplete dominance in one pair of genes. |
|d. |incomplete dominance in both pairs of genes. |
|e. |sex-linked. |
____ 61. Incomplete dominance occurs when
|a. |one gene prevents the expression of the other gene. |
|b. |the traits occur randomly when the genes occur together. |
|c. |one gene trait is masked by the presence of another gene. |
|d. |a mixture of traits is expressed when the genes occur together. |
|e. |the genes appear only on the sex chromosomes. |
____ 62. In short-horned cattle, if a red bull is crossed with a white cow, all the offspring are roan, a shade between red and white. A cross between roans should yield offspring in the ratio of
|a. |3 white : 1 red. |d. |1 red : 2 roan : 1 white. |
|b. |3 red : 1 white. |e. |2 red : 1 roan : 1 white. |
|c. |3 roan : 1 white. | |
____ 63. Mendel also performed crosses between plants called the four-o'clock flower. He crossed plants with red flowers and plants with white flowers. All offspring were pink. If the F[pic] plants were crossed with the red-flowered parent, which phenotype would appear in the F[pic]offspring?
|a. |red |d. |red, white, and pink |
|b. |red and pink |e. |red and pink |
|c. |white and pink | |
____ 64. In Tibetan yaks, the heterozygous condition of the alleles for brown hair (b) and white hair (w) is expressed as a bluish coat. The genotype of the first generation offspring of a cross between a blue-haired yak and a white-haired yak would be
|a. |bb. |d. |bw and ww. |
|b. |bw. |e. |bb and ww. |
|c. |ww. | |
____ 65. In Tibetan yaks, the heterozygous condition of the alleles for brown hair (b) and white hair (w) is expressed as a bluish coat. This situation best demonstrates
|a. |linkage. |d. |dominant–recessive traits. |
|b. |crossing over. |e. |incomplete dominance. |
|c. |codominance. | |
____ 66. In Tibetan yaks, the heterozygous condition of the alleles for brown hair (b) and white hair (w) is expressed as a bluish coat. The phenotype percentage that will be expressed by the F[pic] generation of a brown-haired yak crossed with a white-haired yak is
|a. |100% blue. |d. |25% brown, 50% blue, and 25% white. |
|b. |75% brown and 25% white. |e. |75% blue, and 25% white. |
|c. |50% brown and 50% white. | |
____ 67. Red-flowered plants crossed with white-flowered plants produce pink-flowered offspring. The probability of producing a white-flowered plant from two pink-flowered plants is
|a. |0. |d. |3/4. |
|b. |1/4. |e. |1. |
|c. |1/2. | |
____ 68. The ratio 9:3:3:1 results from a
|a. |dihybrid cross and is the genotypic ratio. |
|b. |dihybrid cross and is the phenotypic ratio. |
|c. |monohybrid cross and is the genotypic ratio. |
|d. |monohybrid cross and is the phenotypic ratio. |
|e. |monohybrid cross and is both the phenotypic and genotypic ratio. |
____ 69. Although there are many genes that modify the expression of eye colour in humans, in general, dark eye colour is dominant to blue eye colour. Freckles are also dominant to no freckles. These genes are located on different chromosomes. If one parent is blue-eyed with no freckles and the other is heterozygous for dark eye colour and freckles, which ratio of phenotypes may be seen in the offspring?
|a. |1 dark eye–freckles: 1 blue eye–freckles |
|b. |1 dark eye–freckles: 1 blue eye–freckles: 1 dark eye–no freckles |
|c. |1 dark eye–freckles: 1 dark eye–no freckles: 1 blue eye-freckles: 1 blue eye–no freckles |
|d. |9 dark eye–freckles: 3 dark eye–no freckles: 3 blue eye–freckles: 1 blue eye–no freckles |
|e. |3 dark eye–freckles: 1 dark eye–no freckles: 3 blue eye–freckles: 9 blue eye–no freckles |
____ 70. In poppies, tallness (T) is dominant to dwarfness (t), while red flower colour (R) is dominant to white (r). If two plants of the genotypes ttRr and TtRR were crossed and no mutations occurred, what is the probability that they would produce a dwarf white plant?
|a. |0% |d. |75% |
|b. |25% |e. |100% |
|c. |50% | |
____ 71. The genotype(s) of the offspring in the cross AABB × aabb would be
|a. |AaBb. |d. |AaBB, AABB, and AABb. |
|b. |AAbb. |e. |AABB. |
|c. |Ab, aB, ab, and AB. | |
____ 72. The cross that would yield some organisms homozygous recessive for both genes is
|a. |TTrr × TTrr. |d. |TTRr × ttRr. |
|b. |TtRr × ttRR. |e. |TtRr × ttRr. |
|c. |ttRR × TTr. | |
____ 73. The gene M is essential for life. In a cross PpMm × PpMm, the number of offspring out of 16 that will not survive is
|a. |3. |d. |12. |
|b. |4. |e. |16. |
|c. |9. | |
____ 74. The allele R is essential for production of skin pigment, and s, when homozygous, prevents pigmentation. Which of the following individuals would be an albino?
|a. |RrSs |d. |RRSs |
|b. |RrSS |e. |RRSS |
|c. |RRss | |
____ 75. If K and R both produce purple colour, how many chances in 16 will there be for purple offspring to occur in the cross KkRr × KkRr?
|a. |3 |d. |15 |
|b. |9 |e. |16 |
|c. |12 | |
____ 76. In guinea pigs, rough hair coat (R) is dominant to a smooth coat (r), and black hair colour (B) is dominant to white hair colour (b). A rough, black guinea pig and a rough, white guinea pig when mated produce 28 rough black, 31 rough white, 11 smooth black, and 9 smooth white offspring. The genetic composition of the parents is
|a. |RrBb and Rrbb. |d. |RRBb and RrBB. |
|b. |RrBb and RrBB. |e. |RRBB and RrBB. |
|c. |RrBb and RRBb. | |
____ 77. If a human zygote has an X and a Y chromosome, it will normally produce a
|a. |male. |d. |lethal characteristic. |
|b. |female. |e. |sterile female. |
|c. |sterile male. | |
____ 78. The chromosomal theory of inheritance is supported by all of the following statements except:
|a. |chromosomes segregate during meiosis |
|b. |chromosomes assort independently during meiosis |
|c. |chromosomes determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios |
|d. |genes are the hereditary units and are located on chromosomes |
|e. |each cell or gamete has half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells |
____ 79. An important factor in the development of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was the discovery that
|a. |female somatic cells contain Barr bodies. |
|b. |DNA influences hereditary characteristics. |
|c. |Mendel's "heritable factors," or genes, behave in a way similar to chromosomes. |
|d. |specific traits in fruit flies are associated with chromosomes that determine their sex. |
|e. |each sex cell or gamete has half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. |
____ 80. A man with red-green colour blindness marries a woman who has normal colour vision and is not a carrier of the gene for this trait. Which of the following statements would best describe their offspring?
|a. |All of their sons will be colourblind. |
|b. |Half their sons will be colourblind.Half their daughters will be colourblind. |
|c. |Half their daughters will be colourblind. |
|d. |None of their children will be colourblind, but all of their daughters will be carriers. |
|e. |Half their sons will be colourblind. All their daughters will be colourblind. |
____ 81. Colourblindness is a sex-linked characteristic because the gene is
|a. |dominant. |d. |carried on a sex chromosome. |
|b. |recessive. |e. |homozygous. |
|c. |carried on an autosome. | |
____ 82. The rare trait called ocular albinism (almost complete absence of eye pigment) is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. A man with ocular albinism marries a woman who is a carrier of this condition. Which of the following is the best prediction concerning their offspring?
|a. |All their children of both sexes will have ocular albinism. |
|b. |All their sons will have ocular albinism, and all their daughters will be carriers. |
|c. |About half the sons and half the daughters will have ocular albinism, the other half of the sons will have normal |
| |eyesight, and the other half of the daughters will be carriers of the condition. |
|d. |None of their children will have ocular albinism, but all their daughters will be carriers. |
|e. |None of the above |
____ 83. Red-green colourblindness in humans is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. If a man who is red-green colourblind is married to a woman heterozygous for normal color vision, what proportion of their offspring is expected to be red-green colourblind?
|a. |all of the offspring |d. |none of the offspring |
|b. |three out of four |e. |two out of four |
|c. |one out of four | |
____ 84. A man is a hemophiliac. This indicates that he
|a. |is afraid of the sight of blood. |
|b. |inherited the condition from his father. |
|c. |inherited the condition from his mother. |
|d. |is carrying a parasitic organism in his blood. |
|e. |has an allergic reaction to blood. |
____ 85. An X-linked dominant allele is inherited from a heterozygous female
|a. |only by males. |
|b. |only by females. |
|c. |only by 1/4 of the males. |
|d. |equally by males and females. |
|e. |only by 1/4 of the males and by 1/2 of the females. |
____ 86. What evidence would be required to prove that a characteristic in humans was due to a gene on the Y chromosome that had no corresponding allele on the X chromosome?
|a. |male offspring always affected |
|b. |3/4 male and 1/4 female offspring affected |
|c. |1/2 male and 1/2 female offspring affected |
|d. |1/4 male offspring affected on the F2 generation |
|e. |female offspring always affected |
____ 87. Which of the following could not be used when referring to the work done by Mendel?
|a. |Mendel knew nothing about meiosis. |
|b. |Mendel's experiments were conducted using pea plants. |
|c. |Mendel's work was never published. |
|d. |Mendel knew nothing about the structure or location of heredity material. |
|e. |Mendel was able to develop theories about how traits were passed on. |
____ 88. The DNA double helix structure was first described by
|a. |Boyer and Cohen. |d. |Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty. |
|b. |Watson and Crick. |e. |McClintock and Bear. |
|c. |Franklin and Wilkins. | |
____ 89. DNA is composed of repeating
|a. |nucleotides. |
|b. |nucleosides. |
|c. |nitrogen bases. |
|d. |deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups. |
|e. |hydrogen bonds. |
____ 90. Complementary base pairing would involve
|a. |adenine bonded to cytosine. |d. |guanine bonded to cytosine. |
|b. |thymine bonded to guanine. |e. |thymine bonded to cytosine. |
|c. |adenine bonded to guanine. | |
____ 91. A nucleotide consists of
|a. |a ribose, a phosphate, and an amino acid. |
|b. |a glucose, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base. |
|c. |a deoxyribose, a phosphate, and an amino acid. |
|d. |a deoxyribose, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base. |
|e. |a deoxyribose, a phosphate, and a glucose. |
____ 92. Given the rule of complementary base pairing, it is reasonable to expect upon analysis of DNA that the amount of
|a. |guanine = adenine. |
|b. |guanine = thymine. |
|c. |adenine + thymine = guanine + cytosine. |
|d. |adenine + guanine = cytosine + thymine. |
|e. |adenine + cytosine = guanine + thymine. |
____ 93. Which does not describe the DNA molecule?
|a. |It is a double helix. |
|b. |Guanine pairs with cytosine. |
|c. |The sugar in each nucleotide is deoxyribose. |
|d. |Nitrogenous bases are held together by hydrogen bonds. |
|e. |Phosphate molecules are located between the nitrogenous molecules. |
____ 94. How many guanine bases are present in a DNA molecule 1000 nitrogen base pairs long, if 20% of the molecule consists of adenine molecules?
|a. |200 |d. |600 |
|b. |300 |e. |800 |
|c. |400 | |
____ 95. Which of the following best describes mutations?
|a. |They are changes in DNA. |
|b. |They are variations caused by the environment. |
|c. |Most of them are harmless. |
|d. |They unusually involve drastic reorganization of the organism. |
|e. |They are restricted to gametes. |
____ 96. The number of molecules of adenine in a given sample of DNA will always be the same as the number of molecules of
|a. |deoxyribose. |d. |thymine. |
|b. |phosphate. |e. |cytosine. |
|c. |guanine. | |
____ 97. An adenine molecule is always bonded to its complementary base with
|a. |two hydrogen bonds. |d. |four hydrogen bonds. |
|b. |three hydrogen bonds. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |one hydrogen bond. | |
____ 98. A guanine molecule is always bonded to its complementary base with
|a. |two hydrogen bonds. |d. |four hydrogen bonds. |
|b. |three hydrogen bonds. |e. |none of the above. |
|c. |one hydrogen bond. | |
____ 99. The following DNA bases are the purines
|a. |cytosine and thymine. |d. |guanine and thymine. |
|b. |cytosine and guanine. |e. |adenine and guanine. |
|c. |thymine and adenine. | |
____ 100. Recombinant DNA experiments often involve all of the following except
|a. |conjugation. |d. |bacterium. |
|b. |plasmid. |e. |unpaired nitrogenous bases. |
|c. |sex-linked inheritance. | |
____ 101. Barbara McClintock developed the jumping gene theory after observing and interpreting the results of experiments done on
|a. |modified yeast cells. |d. |the intestinal bacterium, E. coli. |
|b. |oncogenes from mice. |e. |Indian corn. |
|c. |restriction enzymes from mice. | |
____ 102. In a DNA fingerprinting test, DNA may be isolated from samples of
|a. |skin. |d. |semen. |
|b. |hair. |e. |all of the above. |
|c. |blood. | |
____ 103. The following genetic diseases have been linked to defective genes except:
|a. |cycstic fibrosis |d. |hemophilia |
|b. |diabetes |e. |Huntington's Chorea |
|c. |AIDS/HIV | |
Unit 3 Internal Systems
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. The human stomach is
|a. |made up of a single type of cell. |d. |a complex organ. |
|b. |a single tissue. |e. |an organ system. |
|c. |a simple organ. | |
____ 2. Which of the following is not part of the mammalian digestive system?
|a. |esophagus |d. |small intestine |
|b. |crop |e. |large intestine |
|c. |stomach | |
____ 3. In which of the following lists are the structures listed in order from the simplest to the most complex?
|a. |organ system, organ, tissue, cell |d. |cell, tissue, organ, organ system |
|b. |tissue, organ, organ system, cell |e. |cell, organ, tissue, organ system |
|c. |cell, organ system, system, tissue | |
____ 4. A doctor suspects that a tumour present in the digestive tract of a patient is cancerous. Which of the following procedures would the doctor use to confirm the diagnosis?
|a. |a CAT scan |d. |a PSA blood test |
|b. |an X ray |e. |an injection of a radionucleotide |
|c. |a MRI | |
____ 5. Which of the following diagnostic techniques would be used to observe peristalsis?
|a. |X ray |d. |an MRI |
|b. |CAT scan |e. |a nuclear implant |
|c. |nuclear imaging | |
____ 6. In which of the following lists are the events listed in the sequence in which they actually occur?
|a. |ingestion, absorption, digestion, egestion |
|b. |ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion |
|c. |absorption, ingestion, egestion, digestion |
|d. |absorption, digestion, ingestion, egestion |
|e. |digestion, ingestion, absorption, egestion |
____ 7. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between pH and enzyme activity?
|a. |All enzymes function best around pH 7. |
|b. |All enzymes function best when the pH is less than 7. |
|c. |All enzymes function best when the pH is greater than 7. |
|d. |There are some enzymes that function when the pH is less than 7 and others that function when the pH is greater than 7. |
|e. |There are some enzymes that function when the pH is less than 7, some that function around pH 7, and others that |
| |function when the pH is greater than 7. |
____ 8. Which of the following statements is true?
|a. |Canines are used mainly for tearing. |d. |Molars are used mainly for grinding. |
|b. |Canines are used mainly for grinding. |e. |Incisors are used mainly for grinding. |
|c. |Molars are used mainly for tearing. | |
____ 9. Which of the following statements is not a function of saliva?
|a. |It lubricates the food passage. |d. |It activates the taste buds. |
|b. |It contains the enzyme amylase. |e. |It dissolves food particles. |
|c. |It helps grind and tear food. | |
____ 10. The pH of the stomach usually ranges
|a. |between 2.0 and 3.0. |d. |between 7.0 and 9.0. |
|b. |between 3.0 and 5.0. |e. |between 9.0 and 10.0. |
|c. |between 5.0 and 7.0. | |
____ 11. Which of the following is not found in digestive fluids in the stomach?
|a. |hydrochloric acid |d. |amylase |
|b. |pepsinogen |e. |mucus |
|c. |pepsin | |
____ 12. Lasers allow doctors to perform surgery that causes less damage to surrounding tissue because laser beams
|a. |produce so much heat. |d. |are wider than a scalpel blade. |
|b. |produce ultraviolet rays. |e. |have less energy than a light beam. |
|c. |are thinner than a scalpel blade. | |
____ 13. Which of the following factors probably does not contribute to the formation of peptic ulcers?
|a. |stress |
|b. |diet |
|c. |a bacterium known as Heliobacter pylori |
|d. |drinking large amounts of milk |
|e. |drinking large amounts of orange juice |
____ 14. Starch digestion in the mouth occurs best when the pH range is
|a. |2.0 - 3.0. |d. |8.0 - 10.0. |
|b. |3.0 - 5.0. |e. |10.0 - 12.0. |
|c. |close to 7.0. | |
____ 15. Which of the following enzymes breaks down fats?
|a. |amylase |d. |lipase |
|b. |maltase |e. |dissacharidase |
|c. |trypsin | |
____ 16. Which of the following enzymes breaks down the sugars in milk?
|a. |amylase |d. |trypsin |
|b. |lactase |e. |polysaccharidase |
|c. |lipase | |
____ 17. Which of the following colour changes would indicate the presence of the sugar maltose?
|a. |blue to purple to red |d. |orange to yellow to blue |
|b. |blue to yellow to red |e. |red to yellow to blue |
|c. |blue to yellow to orange | |
____ 18. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
|a. |production of bile salts |
|b. |manufacture of blood proteins from amino acids |
|c. |removal of toxic ammonia group from amino acids |
|d. |glucose conversion into glycogen and vice versa |
|e. |neutralization of the acids released by the stomach |
____ 19. When patients have their gall bladders removed, they should initially be placed on a diet that is low in which of the following?
|a. |starch |d. |vitamins |
|b. |proteins |e. |carbohydrates |
|c. |fats | |
____ 20. Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?
|a. |absorption of water |d. |absorption of vitamins |
|b. |absorption of alcohol |e. |temporary storage of wastes |
|c. |absorption of minerals | |
____ 21. E. coli bacteria
|a. |are deadly and must be completely removed from the intestines to prevent disease. |
|b. |are normally found only in herbivores such as cattle and sheep. |
|c. |are involved in the breakdown of cellulose in the large intestine. |
|d. |use waste materials to synthesize vitamins B and K in the large intestine. |
|e. |are involved in the breakdown of hemoglobin from worn-out blood cells. |
____ 22. Alcohol and certain drugs have a rapid effect on people because they
|a. |enter the bloodstream as soon as they are swallowed. |
|b. |are absorbed directly through the wall of the stomach. |
|c. |are absorbed immediately upon entering the duodenum. |
|d. |are absorbed in the large intestine. |
|e. |are used in the digestion of cellulose. |
____ 23. Even though humans are unable to digest cellulose, it is important in our diet because
|a. |we need the chlorophyll contained in plant cells. |
|b. |it allows the stomach to absorb vitamins. |
|c. |it is needed to synthesize vitamin B. |
|d. |it protects the walls of the intestines from mechanical damage. |
|e. |it adds volume to the wastes in our large intestine and ensures that we eliminate toxic materials more frequently. |
____ 24. Which of the following is not true of the villi found in the small intestine?
|a. |They greatly increase the surface area of the intestine. |
|b. |They contain small arteries and veins. |
|c. |They contain lymph vessels. |
|d. |They are themselves lined with microvilli. |
|e. |They secrete digestive juices. |
____ 25. Which of the following is not under homeostatic control in humans?
|a. |body temperature |d. |knee-jerk reflex |
|b. |blood-sugar level |e. |heart rate during exercise |
|c. |release of gastric fluids | |
____ 26. Canadians Banting and Best discovered that patients with diabetes could have their blood-sugar level lowered with
|a. |gastrin. |d. |insulin. |
|b. |bicarbonates. |e. |pepsinogen. |
|c. |glucagon. | |
____ 27. Chewing gum for a period of time will
|a. |satisfy your hunger. |
|b. |provide you with needed proteins. |
|c. |stimulate the release of bile from the gall bladder. |
|d. |stimulate the release of gastric juices. |
|e. |provide you with needed vitamins. |
____ 28. Which one of the following is not secreted by the pancreas or small intestine?
|a. |trypsinogen |d. |maltase |
|b. |lipase |e. |hydrochloric acid |
|c. |erepsin | |
____ 29. What is the role of the bicarbonate ion in the digestive process?
|a. |to initiate the digestion of starches |
|b. |to emsulsify fats |
|c. |to lower the pH of material entering the small intestine from the stomach |
|d. |to raise the pH of material entering the small intestine from the stomach |
|e. |to stimulate the release of gastric juices |
____ 30. The unit used for the amount of energy in food in Canada is the
|a. |kilogram. |d. |kilojoule. |
|b. |kilometre. |e. |kilolitre. |
|c. |kilocalorie. | |
____ 31. As humans reach adulthood and grow older, which of the following is true if their energy intake remains constant?
|a. |They will maintain a constant body mass. |
|b. |They will lose body mass. |
|c. |They will gain body mass. |
|d. |They will experience an increase in body temperature. |
|e. |They will likely become allergic to some of the foods. |
____ 32. If a teenage girl receives less than the following amount of energy each day, she is said to be starving.
|a. |5700 kJ |d. |10 400 kJ |
|b. |7100 kJ |e. |12 300 kJ |
|c. |9200 kJ | |
____ 33. The gland which controls the rate of metabolism in humans is called the
|a. |adrenal. |d. |posterior pituitary. |
|b. |thyroid. |e. |thymus. |
|c. |anterior pituitary. | |
____ 34. People who have an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) would exhibit which of the following symptoms?
|a. |They would be overweight and tend to be slow and lethargic in their movements. |
|b. |They would suffer from headaches and nausea. |
|c. |They would have difficulty in speaking. |
|d. |They would be underweight and tend to require larger portions of food. |
|e. |There would be no noticeable symptoms. |
____ 35. Society's image of the ideal human body type
|a. |has always remained the same. |
|b. |is based on scientific studies. |
|c. |is the same for all cultural groups. |
|d. |is determined by the government. |
|e. |varies according to whatever is "in fashion." |
____ 36. Which of the following is not true about water soluble vitamins?
|a. |They must be consumed daily. |
|b. |They are stored in nonfatty tissue. |
|c. |They cannot be stored in the body. |
|d. |They are excreted in urine. |
|e. |They are essential for the proper maintenance of health. |
____ 37. Which of the following statements is not true about a well-balanced healthy diet.
|a. |Humans obtain essential nutrients from plant and animal materials. |
|b. |Vegetarian diets must be careful to include a variety of complementary plant foods. |
|c. |Fats are an essential component of all diets. |
|d. |Both water and fat soluble vitamins must be included in all diets. |
|e. |The same amino acids are an essential part of every animal's diet. |
____ 38. Which of the following is not one of the functions of fats in humans?
|a. |They help the body absorb many vitamins. |
|b. |They serve as insulation under the skin. |
|c. |They are needed to make proteins. |
|d. |They protect the delicate organs of the body. |
|e. |They form an essential part of nerve coatings and cell membranes. |
____ 39. Which of the following is not a function of the circulatory system?
|a. |It carries nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells. |
|b. |It transports chemical messengers throughout the body. |
|c. |It manufactures red blood cells. |
|d. |It distributes heat throughout the body. |
|e. |It works with the kidneys to maintain an acceptable level of body fluid. |
____ 40. Which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system?
|a. |earthworm |d. |snail |
|b. |sponge |e. |blue jay |
|c. |octopus | |
____ 41. The average human body contains approximately 5 L of blood. What volume of blood passes through the heart each minute?
|a. |2 L |d. |6 L |
|b. |4 L |e. |8 L |
|c. |5 L | |
____ 42. Which of the following is not a type of white blood cell?
|a. |basophil |d. |monocyte |
|b. |eosinophil |e. |platelet |
|c. |lymphocyte | |
____ 43. The oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells is due to the presence of hemoglobin. A person whose diet does not contain sufficient amounts of which of the following minerals will be unable to manufacture enough hemoglobin for their needs?
|a. |calcium |d. |potassium |
|b. |iodine |e. |sodium |
|c. |iron | |
____ 44. When oxygen is lost from oxyhemoglobin, the colour of the blood without the oxygen changes
|a. |from pink to red |d. |from red to blue |
|b. |from red to pink |e. |from blue to red |
|c. |from pink to blue | |
____ 45. Which of the following is not true of blood platelets?
|a. |They initiate blood clotting. |
|b. |They have a nucleus. |
|c. |They are produced by cells called megakaryocytes. |
|d. |They are so fragile they rupture if they strike a sharp surface. |
|e. |They are irregular in shape. |
____ 46. An individual who has no special markers (antigens) attached to the membrane of their red blood cells has which of the following blood types?
|a. |A, Rh positive |d. |O, Rh positive |
|b. |A, Rh negative |e. |O, Rh negative |
|c. |B, Rh positive | |
____ 47. Which of the following blood types is known as the universal donor?
|a. |A |d. |O |
|b. |AB |e. |Rh |
|c. |B | |
____ 48. Which one of the following situations would be beneficial for the recipient?
|a. |A Type A person receives a transfusion from a Type B person. |
|b. |A Type B person receives a transfusion from a Type A person. |
|c. |A Type O person receives a transfusion from a Type A person. |
|d. |A Type O person receives a transfusion from a Type AB person. |
|e. |A Type A person receives a transfusion from a Type O person. |
____ 49. Which of the characteristics of real blood listed below are not characteristic of the artificial blood known as Fluosol?
|a. |aids in blood clotting |d. |can be stored in a blood bank |
|b. |transports carbon dioxide |e. |acts as the universal donor |
|c. |transports oxygen | |
____ 50. Which of the following is true of arteries?
|a. |They always carry oxygenated blood. |
|b. |They always carry deoxygenated blood. |
|c. |They are the site of exchange of materials between the blood and the tissues. |
|d. |They always carry blood away from the heart. |
|e. |They always carry blood toward the heart. |
____ 51. Which of the following is not true concerning capillaries?
|a. |They are the site of exchange between the blood and body cells. |
|b. |They have walls that are only one cell layer thick. |
|c. |Blood flow into them is controlled by sphincters. |
|d. |Their diameter is so small that red blood cells must move through them in single file. |
|e. |They have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward into them. |
____ 52. Which of the following is not true of veins?
|a. |The walls of the veins allow materials to diffuse in and out easily. |
|b. |They have thinner walls than arteries. |
|c. |They have one-way valves to prevent the backflow of blood. |
|d. |They rely on the activity of the skeletal muscles to help move blood back to the heart. |
|e. |The pressure in veins is lower than that in arteries. |
____ 53. The mammalian heart consists of
|a. |a single large chamber. |d. |two atria and one ventricle. |
|b. |one atrium and one ventricle. |e. |two atria and two ventricles. |
|c. |one atrium and two ventricles. | |
____ 54. The septum completely separates the two halves of the mammalian heart. Because of this
|a. |the heart is able to hold a larger volume of blood. |
|b. |the blood flows faster. |
|c. |the blood flows more slowly. |
|d. |oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood are kept separate. |
|e. |oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood are allowed to mix freely. |
____ 55. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the mammalian heart?
|a. |All the blood leaving the heart via the arteries is oxygenated. |
|b. |All the blood leaving the heart via the veins is deoxygenated. |
|c. |The blood leaving the heart via the coronary arteries is deoxygenated. |
|d. |The blood leaving the heart via the pulmonary veins is deoxygenated. |
|e. |The blood leaving the heart via the systemic arteries is deoxygenated. |
____ 56. The largest artery in the human body is the
|a. |coronary artery. |d. |aorta. |
|b. |pulmonary artery. |e. |brachial artery. |
|c. |carotid artery. | |
____ 57. Cardiac catheterization is a process in which
|a. |oxygen is added to the coronary arteries via an intervenous feed. |
|b. |holes in the wall of the heart are repaired. |
|c. |coronary arteries are replaced by arteries from other parts of the body. |
|d. |dye injected through a tube travels to the heart to detect defects in blood flow. |
|e. |a small balloon is inserted through a tube to scrape the walls of blocked arteries. |
____ 58. Angioplasty is a process in which
|a. |oxygen is added to the coronary arteries via an intervenous feed. |
|b. |holes in the wall of the heart are repaired. |
|c. |coronary arteries are replaced by arteries from other parts of the body. |
|d. |dye injected through a tube travels to the heart to detect defects in blood flow. |
|e. |a small balloon is inserted through a tube to scrape the walls of blocked arteries. |
____ 59. Which of the following correctly outlines the pathway that is followed by a red blood cell that first enters the heart at the vena cava?
|a. |left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, right atrium, right ventricle, aorta |
|b. |left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, right atrium, left ventricle, aorta |
|c. |left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle, aorta |
|d. |right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta |
|e. |right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, lungs, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta |
____ 60. Which of the following is not true of myogenic muscle?
|a. |It is similar to the smooth muscle found in the intestines. |
|b. |It is made up of interconnecting fibres. |
|c. |Its cells contain nuclei. |
|d. |The rate at which the fibres beat is synchronized when they are in contact. |
|e. |It continues to beat for a time even when removed from the body. |
____ 61. The heart's "pacemaker" is the
|a. |bicuspid node. |d. |sinoatrial node. |
|b. |Purkinje node. |e. |semilunar node. |
|c. |atrioventricular node. | |
____ 62. The large spike, called the QRS wave, on an electrocardiograph is produced when
|a. |the atria contract. |
|b. |the ventricles contract. |
|c. |the atria relax. |
|d. |the ventricles relax. |
|e. |the heart responds to signals from the parasympathetic nervous system. |
____ 63. The first heart sound is heard when
|a. |The right and left atrioventricular valves open. |
|b. |The right and left semilunar valves open. |
|c. |The right atrioventricular and the left semilunar valves close. |
|d. |The right and left atrioventricular valves close. |
|e. |The right and left semilunar valves close. |
____ 64. The highest blood pressure occurs in the
|a. |veins. |d. |venules. |
|b. |capillary beds. |e. |arteries. |
|c. |arterioles. | |
____ 65. The lowest blood pressure occurs in the
|a. |veins. |d. |venules. |
|b. |capillary beds. |e. |arteries. |
|c. |arterioles. | |
____ 66. The normal blood pressure for a young adult is
|a. |150/50. |d. |100/100. |
|b. |130/60. |e. |60/130. |
|c. |120/80. | |
____ 67. Which of the following vessels would have the lowest blood pressure?
|a. |aorta |d. |pulmonary vein |
|b. |inferior vena cava |e. |brachial artery |
|c. |pulmonary artery | |
____ 68. Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of blood pressure?
|a. |sympathetic nerves |d. |carotid artery receptors |
|b. |parasympathetic nerves |e. |venae cavae |
|c. |medulla oblongata | |
____ 69. Which of the following is not involved in changes in the circulatory system due to exercise?
|a. |Epinephrine causes the spleen to release red blood cells. |
|b. |The majority of capillary beds open, providing more oxygen to every cell in the body. |
|c. |The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate |
|d. |Wastes are removed more quickly from the active muscles. |
|e. |The adrenal gland releases epinephrine. |
____ 70. Which one of the following statements is not true concerning the exchange of materials between blood in the capillaries and the extra cellular fluid surrounding them?
|a. |Most fluids simply diffuse through the capillary cell membranes. |
|b. |Tiny muscle fibres actively force selected molecules through the membrane. |
|c. |A few protein molecules are exchanged by endocytosis or exocytosis. |
|d. |There are spaces between the cells of the capillaries that allow water and some ions to pass. |
|e. |Capillary cell membranes are permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
____ 71. The balance between osmotic pressure and fluid pressure in capillary beds is upset by all but which one of the following situations?
|a. |hunger |d. |extreme thirst |
|b. |hemorrhage |e. |inflammation |
|c. |starvation | |
____ 72. People with allergies often take antihistamines to improve their condition. In which of these ways do histamines directly produce the symptoms of allergies?
|a. |They cause white blood cells to leave the capillaries and search for invading particles. |
|b. |They detect the invading allergens and release a chemical messenger. |
|c. |They increase the permeability of the capillary membranes, causing the capillaries to expand and redden. |
|d. |They create an osmotic pressure that slows the absorption of water into the capillaries. |
|e. |They cause movement of proteins into the capillaries. |
____ 73. Which of the following is not true concerning an anaphylactic reaction?
|a. |It usually occurs about 24 h after exposure to the trigger. |
|b. |It is a response to bees stings or certain foods. |
|c. |It produces weakness and sweating. |
|d. |It produces breathing difficulties. |
|e. |It is relieved by an injection of epinephrine. |
____ 74. Which of the following is not true of the lymphatic system?
|a. |It consists of open-ended vessels similar to veins. |
|b. |Slow muscular contractions cause the fluid to move in the vessels. |
|c. |There are flaplike valves to prevent the backflow of fluid. |
|d. |The lymph is returned to the veins. |
|e. |Oxygen is transported to body tissues. |
____ 75. Which of the following is not a function of the lymph nodes?
|a. |They house white blood cells that destroy bacteria by phagocytosis. |
|b. |They filter out damaged cells. |
|c. |They supply lymphocytes for the body. |
|d. |They produce blood platelets. |
|e. |They remove debris from the lymph. |
____ 76. Which of the following is the function of the spleen?
|a. |It manufactures red blood cells. |
|b. |It produces antibodies. |
|c. |It stores red blood cells for emergency situations. |
|d. |It produces lymphocytes. |
|e. |It acts as an auxiliary pump to help the circulation of blood. |
____ 77. Which of the following glands is most important during childhood and actually shrinks in size as the person grows?
|a. |pancreas |d. |thymus |
|b. |pituitary |e. |spleen |
|c. |adrenal | |
____ 78. Lymph is a fluid that most closely resembles
|a. |water. |d. |blood plasma. |
|b. |a salt solution. |e. |cytoplasm. |
|c. |extracellular fluid. | |
____ 79. Which of the following is not commonly included as part of the processes involved in respiration?
|a. |Air enters and leaves the lungs. |
|b. |Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and the blood. |
|c. |Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluids. |
|d. |ATP is produced within the body cells. |
|e. |Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin in the red blood cells. |
____ 80. Which of the following reactions correctly describes cellular respiration?
|a. |oxygen + carbon dioxide → sugar + water + energy |
|b. |oxygen + sugar → carbon dioxide + water + energy |
|c. |oxygen + water → sugar + carbon dioxide + energy |
|d. |carbon dioxide + water + energy → sugar + oxygen |
|e. |carbon dioxide + oxygen + energy → sugar + water |
____ 81. In order for the most efficient transfer of oxygen to occur in the gills of a fish
|a. |blood flow and water flow must be in the same direction. |
|b. |blood flow and water flow must be in the opposite direction. |
|c. |the water must be warm. |
|d. |the blood in the systemic and pulmonary systems must remain completely separate. |
|e. |the fish must always be moving. |
____ 82. All complex organisms require which of the following to accomplish successful gas exchange?
|a. |gills |d. |moist skin |
|b. |lungs |e. |freely permeable cell membranes |
|c. |a moist membrane | |
____ 83. Which of the following is not true of the nasal cavities of mammals?
|a. |They are lined with tiny hairs that act as a filtering system. |
|b. |They have surface cells that directly absorb incoming air. |
|c. |They serve to moisten and warm the incoming air. |
|d. |They contain mucus that keeps the cells lining the cavity moist. |
|e. |They open into to a channel called the pharynx. |
____ 84. Which structure is used by both the digestive and respiratory systems?
|a. |nasal cavity |d. |bronchi |
|b. |pharynx |e. |alveoli |
|c. |larynx | |
____ 85. Which of the following statements is not true?
|a. |During inspiration the pressure within the chest cavity is greater than the atmospheric pressure. |
|b. |During inspiration the pressure within the chest cavity is less than the atmospheric pressure. |
|c. |The pressure within the chest cavity decreases when the diaphragm contracts. |
|d. |The pressure within the chest cavity increases when the rib cage moves downward. |
|e. |The pressure within the chest cavity increases as the diaphragm moves up. |
____ 86. Which of the following leads to inspiration?
|a. |The diaphragm moves upward and the ribs move upward. |
|b. |The diaphragm moves upward and the ribs move downward. |
|c. |The diaphragm moves upward and ribs remain stationary. |
|d. |The diaphragm moves downward and the ribs move upward. |
|e. |The diaphragm moves downward and the ribs move downward. |
____ 87. Which of the following statements is true?
|a. |The internal intercostal muscles and external intercostal muscles both pull the ribcage upward. |
|b. |The internal intercostal muscles and external intercostal muscles both pull the ribcage downward. |
|c. |The internal intercostal muscles pull the ribcage upward and the external intercostal muscles pull the ribcage downward.|
|d. |The internal intercostal muscles pull the ribcage downward and the external intercostal muscles pull the ribcage upward.|
|e. |The internal intercostal and external intercostal muscles operate cooperatively during normal breathing. |
____ 88. Examine the following table and use the data to answer the question below.
|Approximate Partial Pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide (kPa) |
| |Tissues |Vein |Artery |Alveoli |Atmosphere |
|oxygen |5 |5 |11 |13 |21 |
|carbon dioxide |6 |6 |5 |5 |0.03 |
The difference in partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide is greatest in:
|a. |tissues |d. |alveoli |
|b. |veins |e. |atmosphere |
|c. |arteries | |
____ 89. Examine the following table and use the data to answer the questions below.
|Approximate Partial Pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide (kPa) |
| |Tissues |Vein |Artery |Alveoli |Atmosphere |
|oxygen |5.3 |5.3 |12.6 |13.3 |21.2 |
|carbon dioxide |6 |6 |5 |5 |0.03 |
Which of the following statements about the differences in the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide is true?
|a. |The greater the partial pressure of oxygen, the more likely it is to move into the tissues from the blood. |
|b. |The lower the partial pressure of oxygen, the more likely it is to move into the tissues from the blood. |
|c. |The greater the partial pressure of oxygen, the more it is likely to move from the tissues into the blood. |
|d. |The lower the partial pressure of oxygen, the more likely it is to move from the tissues into the blood. |
|e. |Oxygen moves from the blood into the tissues in all locations regardless of differences in partial pressures. |
____ 90. Gases diffuse
|a. |from an area of low pressure to another area of low pressure. |
|b. |from an area of high pressure to another area of high pressure. |
|c. |from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. |
|d. |from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure. |
|e. |from an area where they are not needed to an area where they are needed. |
____ 91. Without hemoglobin, approximately how much oxygen could be carried per 100 mL of blood?
|a. |0.003 mL |d. |3.0 mL |
|b. |0.03 mL |e. |30 mL |
|c. |0.3 mL | |
____ 92. Approximately what increase in oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood occurs when hemoglobin is present as opposed to the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood plasma alone?
|a. |10 times |d. |70 times |
|b. |30 times |e. |100 times |
|c. |50 times | |
____ 93. Approximately what percentage of hemoglobin molecules returning to the heart after travelling through the body are still saturated with oxygen?
|a. |0 % |d. |50 % |
|b. |20 % |e. |70 % |
|c. |30 % | |
____ 94. Since carbon dioxide is about 20 times more soluble than oxygen in the blood plasma, the carbon dioxide is converted to carbonic acid
|a. |to raise the pH of the blood. |
|b. |to lower the pH of the blood. |
|c. |to maintain appropriate partial pressures to allow more carbon dioxide to enter the blood from the tissues. |
|d. |to maintain appropriate partial pressures to allow more carbon dioxide to enter the blood from the tissues. |
|e. |to prevent the formation of carbon dioxide bubbles in the blood stream. |
____ 95. Haemoglobin acts as a buffer and
|a. |increases the rate at which carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid. |
|b. |decreases the rate at which carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid. |
|c. |promotes the lowering of the pH of the plasma. |
|d. |promotes the raising of the pH of the plasma. |
|e. |minimizes the change in pH of the plasma. |
____ 96. Which of the following is not involved in the homeostatic regulation of appropriate levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide?
|a. |A chemical receptor ensures that carbon dioxide does not accumulate. |
|b. |The brain stem receives impulses to help it coordinate breathing rates. |
|c. |Impulses are sent to the muscles to increase breathing rates. |
|d. |Oxygen concentration has more effect on the rate of breathing than carbon dioxide concentration. |
|e. |Chemical receptors in the walls of the corotid artery detects low oxygen levels. |
____ 97. Each hemoglobin molecule transports how many oxygen molecules?
|a. |1 |d. |4 |
|b. |2 |e. |5 |
|c. |3 | |
____ 98. For every molecule of oxygen that dissolves in the plasma, approximately how many molecules of carbon dioxide can be dissolved?
|a. |0.25 |d. |20 |
|b. |5 |e. |50 |
|c. |10 | |
____ 99. All disorders of the respiratory system share which of the following characteristics?
|a. |They are all virus infections. |
|b. |They all decrease the oxygen delivery to the tissues. |
|c. |They all involve defective respiratory membranes. |
|d. |They all involve formation of carboxyhaemoglobin. |
|e. |They are the result of air pollution. |
____ 100. Bronchial asthma and emphysema both involve
|a. |increased difficulty in exhaling air. |
|b. |increased difficulty in inhaling air. |
|c. |a breakdown of the alveolar sacs. |
|d. |the collapse of the bronchioles. |
|e. |an allergic reaction to pollens from plants. |
____ 101. Vital capacity of the lungs refers to the amount of air
|a. |the lungs can hold. |
|b. |normally breathed in and out. |
|c. |left in the lungs after inhaling. |
|d. |passed through the lungs during a vigorous inhalation and exhalation. |
|e. |the amount of air you can hold in the lungs while holding your breath. |
____ 102. To determine your inspiratory reserve volume, you would use the following formula:
|a. |vital capacity = inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume |
|b. |vital capacity = inspiratory reserve volume – expiratory reserve volume – tidal volume |
|c. |vital capacity = inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume – tidal volume |
|d. |vital capacity = inspiratory reserve volume – expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume |
|e. |vital capacity = tidal volume – inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume |
____ 103. A student trains for distance running over a period of six months. What would you expect to find if you measured their lung volume at the beginning and end of the six months?
|a. |The vital capacity and the inspiratory reserve volume would both decrease. |
|b. |The vital capacity and the inspiratory reserve volume would both increase. |
|c. |The inspiratory reserve volume would increase and the expiratory reserve volume would decrease. |
|d. |The inspiratory reserve volume would decrease and the expiratory reserve volume would increase. |
|e. |The inspiratory reserve volume and the tidal volume would both increase. |
____ 104. If a person receives a significant impact to the solar plexus (where the diaphragm separates the chest and thoracic cavities), we say that they have had the "wind knocked out of them." The volume of air forced out (assuming that they had just taken a deep breath) would be equal to their
|a. |inspiratory reserve volume. |d. |vital capacity. |
|b. |expiratory reserve volume. |e. |total lung volume. |
|c. |tidal volume. | |
____ 105. Which of the following is not usually associated with the development of lung cancer?
|a. |The cells of the bronchi are irritated. |
|b. |The production of mucus is reduced. |
|c. |The movement of cilia is slowed. |
|d. |The tumour narrows the bronchioles. |
|e. |The number of normal cells lining the bronchi increases. |
____ 106. Which of the following correctly describes the protective mechanisms within the bronchioles?
|a. |The mucous membrane traps particles and the cilia sweep them away. |
|b. |The mucous membrane produces cilia that trap particles. |
|c. |The mucus layer traps the particles and the cilia sweep them away. |
|d. |The goblet cells produce the cilia that line the passages. |
|e. |The mucous membrane produces mucus to trap particles. |
____ 107. Which of the following is not a depressant?
|a. |barbiturates |d. |psychoactive drugs |
|b. |tranquilizers |e. |nicotine |
|c. |alcohol | |
____ 108. Which of the following is not an effect of a stimulant?
|a. |elevated heart rate |d. |faster breakdown of sugars |
|b. |increased rate of breathing |e. |calming and soothing effect |
|c. |increased rate of metabolism | |
____ 109. Which of the following is not an effect of a depressant?
|a. |calming and soothing effect |d. |speed up the central nervous system |
|b. |increased loss of body heat |e. |slower breathing rate |
|c. |decreased heart rate | |
____ 110. Which of following is not part of the way in which psychoactive drugs act?
|a. |They interfere with the movement of transmitter substances. |
|b. |They improve the ability to think creatively and clearly. |
|c. |They interfere with the attachment of transmitter substances to receptor sites. |
|d. |They disrupt the way in which a person perceives the external environment. |
|e. |They alter the homeostatic balance within the body. |
____ 111. Which of the following is not an effect of alcohol?
|a. |It interferes with thinking and judgment. |
|b. |It reduces nerve impulses from the brain stem. |
|c. |It slows the heart rate. |
|d. |It reduces water reabsorption by the kidneys. |
|e. |It deepens breathing and increases ventilation. |
____ 112. How long does it take for nicotine to reach the brain?
|a. |10 s |d. |10 min |
|b. |30 s |e. |30 min |
|c. |60 s | |
____ 113. Caffeine will
|a. |lower heart rate and increase breathing rate. |
|b. |lower heart rate and decrease breathing rate. |
|c. |elevate heart rate and decrease breathing rate. |
|d. |elevate heart rate and increase breathing rate. |
|e. |slow down metabolic activities. |
____ 114. Fetal pigs are good specimens to dissect because of their similarity to humans in all but which one of the following ways?
|a. |The skins of pigs and humans are similar. |
|b. |Pigs and humans are both omnivores. |
|c. |Pigs and humans are both placental mammals. |
|d. |Adult humans and adult pigs have body masses that are about the same. |
|e. |The digestive systems of pigs and humans are similar. |
____ 115. Which of the following is not required when carrying out a dissection?
|a. |dissecting pins |d. |plastic gloves |
|b. |scissors |e. |head covering |
|c. |safety goggles | |
____ 116. To prepare for dissection, the fetal pig should be placed
|a. |on its ventral surface. |
|b. |on its dorsal surface. |
|c. |on its right side. |
|d. |on its left side. |
|e. |with its head facing toward the bottom of the dissecting tray. |
____ 117. In the fetal pig, the gall bladder is
|a. |on the surface of the diaphragm. |
|b. |inside the curve of the stomach. |
|c. |surrounded by the lobes of the liver. |
|d. |at the junction of the small and large intestines. |
|e. |at the anterior end of the pancreas. |
____ 118. The pancreas of the fetal pig is
|a. |creamy white. |d. |bright red. |
|b. |glossy black. |e. |dark blue. |
|c. |green. | |
____ 119. The stomach of the fetal pig is shaped
|a. |like an hour-glass. |d. |like the letter C. |
|b. |like the letter J. |e. |like a kidney. |
|c. |like the letter U. | |
____ 120. Which of the following is not found in the thoracic cavity of the fetal pig?
|a. |heart |d. |superior vena cava |
|b. |lungs |e. |stomach |
|c. |bronchi | |
____ 121. Which of the following is not found in the abdominal cavity of the fetal pig?
|a. |stomach |d. |liver |
|b. |lungs |e. |pancreas |
|c. |kidneys | |
Unit 4 Diversity of Living Things
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which of the following is not a kingdom?
|a. |Eubacteria |d. |Plantae |
|b. |Protista |e. |Fungi |
|c. |Viruses | |
____ 2. The characteristic that best helps define an organism as a member of a particular species is which of the following?
|a. |It looks like other organisms. |
|b. |It can successfully breed with similar organisms. |
|c. |It lives in the same region as similar organisms. |
|d. |It eats the same food as similar organisms. |
|e. |It has the same day/night sleeping pattern as similar organisms. |
|Common Name |Scientific Name |Family |
|red squirrel |Tamiasciurus hudsonicus |Sciuridae |
|short-tail weasel |Mustela erminea |Mustelidae |
|groundhog |Marmota monax |Sciuridae |
|mink |Mustela vison |Mustelidae |
|eastern chipmunk |Tamias striatus |Sciuridae |
|river otter |Lutra canadensis |Mustelidae |
|fisher |Martes pennanti |Mustelidae |
|muskrat |Ondatra zibethica |Cricetidae |
|black-footed ferret |Mustela nigripes |Mustelidae |
____ 3. Based on the information in the table above, which of the two animals are the most closely related?
|a. |red squirrel and groundhog |d. |mink and shorttail weasel |
|b. |short-tail weasel and river otter |e. |fisher and black-footed ferret |
|c. |river otter and fisher | |
____ 4. Based on the information in the table above, which of the two animals are the least closely related?
|a. |black-footed ferret and red squirrel |d. |fisher and muskrat |
|b. |red squirrel and short-tail weasel |e. |muskrat and any other animal |
|c. |groundhog and mink | |
____ 5. Based on the information in the table above, which of the animals are the most closely related to the shorttail weasel?
|a. |black-footed ferret |d. |river otter |
|b. |muskrat |e. |eastern chipmunk |
|c. |fisher | |
____ 6. Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?
|a. |common cold |d. |polio |
|b. |smallpox |e. |tuberculosis |
|c. |influenza | |
____ 7. Which of the following is not a possible composition of the nucleic acid core of virus?
|a. |double-stranded DNA and RNA |d. |single-stranded DNA only |
|b. |double-stranded DNA only |e. |single-stranded RNA only |
|c. |double-stranded RNA only | |
____ 8. Which of the following represents the correct stages of viral replication?
|a. |synthesis, assembly, release, attachment |
|b. |assembly, release, attachment, synthesis |
|c. |release, attachment, synthesis, assembly |
|d. |attachment, synthesis, assembly, release |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 9. Which of the following statements concerning viruses is incorrect?
|a. |A bacteriophage that causes lysis of the host cell is said to be a virulent phage. |
|b. |The lytic cycle may be completed in 2 to 5 minutes and produce 300 new virus particles. |
|c. |In a lysogenic cycle, the virus does not kill the host cell outright. |
|d. |A bacteriophage that does not cause the lysis of the host is called a temperate phage. |
|e. |The dormant state of a virus is called lysogeny. |
____ 10. Which of the following statements concerning viruses and human health is false?
|a. |In many diseases caused by viruses, the virus attacks cells as it reproduces. |
|b. |Most viral infections are difficult to treat but they can be finally destroyed by antibiotics. |
|c. |Some viruses can remain dormant in the body for years before disease symptoms appear. |
|d. |Oncogenic viruses can add genes to a cell and turn it into a cancer cell. |
|e. |Many viral diseases can be controlled through vaccinations. |
____ 11. Based on the descriptions provided below, which of the following is the most likely sequence in using viruses for gene therapy?
1. deposit of new gene into human cell
2. removal of genes in a virus
3. replication of the altered DNA as the human cell divides
4. uptake of the altered virus into a human cell
5. insertion of the normal gene into the virus
|a. |1, 2, 3, 5, 4 |d. |1, 3, 5, 2, 4 |
|b. |2, 4, 1, 3, 5 |e. |2, 5, 4, 1, 3 |
|c. |3, 5, 1, 2, 4 | |
____ 12. Which of the following is not an environment in which you would find Archaebacteria?
|a. |salt marshes |d. |ocean vents |
|b. |hot springs |e. |swamps |
|c. |active volcanoes | |
____ 13. Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacterial cells?
|a. |they are prokaryotic and single celled |
|b. |contain no membrane-bound organelles |
|c. |have a single chromosome |
|d. |majority are pathogens |
|e. |reproduce asexually |
____ 14. Which label is pointing to a sample of staphylococcus?
[pic]
|a. |A |d. |D |
|b. |B |e. |none of these |
|c. |C | |
____ 15. A bacterial colony that is observed to survive and reproduce only when no air is around would be classified as which of the following?
|a. |obligate aerobe |d. |facultative anaerobe |
|b. |obligate anaerobe |e. |none of the above |
|c. |facultative aerobe | |
____ 16. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a member of the kingdom protista?
|a. |are only heterotrophic |d. |most are microscopic and unicellular |
|b. |more recent than the bacteria |e. |are classified as eukaryotes |
|c. |have membrane-bound organelles | |
____ 17. Which of the following phyla from the kingdom protista is a member of the plantlike protists group?
|a. |Sarcodina |d. |Mastigiphora |
|b. |Euglenophyta |e. |Sporozoa |
|c. |Gymnomycota | |
____ 18. Which of the following is not true about the green, brown, and red algae?
|a. |mostly multicellular but no tissues |
|b. |contain pigments for photosynthesis |
|c. |are found only in aquatic environments |
|d. |green algae produce two-thirds global O2 |
|e. |most commonly reproduce asexually |
____ 19. Which of the following is not true about animal-like protists (protozoa)
|a. |all are heterotrophic. |d. |they are mostly terrestrial. |
|b. |in general, they move to obtain food. |e. |reproduction is usually asexual. |
|c. |classified largely by locomotion type. | |
____ 20. Under adverse conditions, members of the protozoans may form resting cells called
|a. |spores. |d. |ectoplasms. |
|b. |endodonts. |e. |cysts. |
|c. |encrustacenas. | |
____ 21. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the fungilike protists?
|a. |always unicellular |
|b. |members of the Gymnomycota |
|c. |prefer cool, shady, moist environments |
|d. |also called slime moulds |
|e. |resemble protozoans during part of life cycle |
____ 22. Which of the following is a similarity between plants and fungi?
|a. |Both are eukaryotic. |d. |Both have cellulose in their cell walls. |
|b. |Both have one nucleus per cell. |e. |Both have major stores of starch. |
|c. |Both are autotrophs. | |
____ 23. Which group of fungi are best represented by having the following characteristics:
produce flagellated (motile) spores and have cellulose in cell walls?
|a. |Zygomycetes |d. |Basidiomycetes |
|b. |Mastigomycota |e. |Deuteromycota |
|c. |Ascomycetes | |
____ 24. Which group of fungi are best represented by having the following characteristics:
known as imperfect fungi, mostly parasitic, and disease causing?
|a. |Zygomycetes |d. |Basidiomycetes |
|b. |Mastigomycota |e. |Deuteromycota |
|c. |Ascomycetes | |
____ 25. Which group of fungi are best represented by having the following characteristics:
produces nonmotile spores, chitin in cell walls, mainly terrestrial, includes the common moulds?
|a. |Zygomycetes |d. |Basidiomycetes |
|b. |Mastigomycota |e. |Deuteromycota |
|c. |Ascomycetes | |
____ 26. Which group of fungi are best represented by having the following characteristics:
produces nonmotile spores; chitin in cell walls; also known as sac fungi; yeast, morels, truffles?
|a. |Zygomycetes |d. |Basidiomycetes |
|b. |Mastigomycota |e. |Deuteromycota |
|c. |Ascomycetes | |
____ 27. Which of the following is not true about the life cycle of fungi?
|a. |There is wide variety in fungal life cycles. |
|b. |Fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually. |
|c. |The haploid spores are produced in sporangia. |
|d. |Spores are usually dispersed by animals. |
|e. |Asexual reproduction includes fragmentation. |
____ 28. Using field mushrooms as an example, which of the following is not true?
|a. |They grow in the wild and are commonly cultivated for human consumption. |
|b. |The vegetative part is usually beneath the soil. |
|c. |The reproductive phase occurs when haploid hyphae fuse to become monokaryotic buttons. |
|d. |As buttons grow they form a stalk and cap. |
|e. |Gills form within the cap. |
____ 29. Which of the following is the correct sequence for the development of structures in the gill of a common field mushroom, from the events listed below?
1. germination
2. one diploid nucleus
3. four haploid spores
4. two haploid nuclei
|a. |4, 3, 2, 1 |d. |2, 3, 4, 1 |
|b. |4, 2, 3, 1 |e. |3, 1, 2, 4 |
|c. |1, 2, 3, 4 | |
____ 30. Fungi are vital to other organisms and to the proper functioning of ecosystems through their role as which of the following?
|a. |producers |d. |decomposers |
|b. |carnivores |e. |consumers |
|c. |herbivores | |
____ 31. Which of the following is not a benefit fungi provide to humans?
|a. |Yeast help make bread, wine, and beer. |
|b. |Penicillium produces antibiotic. |
|c. |trapping solar energy in photosynthesis |
|d. |Aspergillus is used to flavour drinks. |
|e. |mushrooms, morels and truffles for food |
____ 32. Suppose a symbiotic relationship exists between two organisms. This would mean which of the following?
|a. |Both organisms are harmed. |
|b. |Both organisms benefit. |
|c. |One organism benefits and the other is harmed. |
|d. |One organism benefits and the other is unharmed. |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 33. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mycorrhizal relationship?
|a. |It is an example of parasitism. |
|b. |Hyphae of a fungus and root of a plant are involved. |
|c. |It possibly helps the plant absorb nutrients. |
|d. |Fungus obtains nutrients from the plant. |
|e. |Evolution of land plants may have been dependent on such a relationship. |
____ 34. Which of the following is not a characteristic of lichens?
|a. |They are a symbiotic relationship between an alga and a fungus. |
|b. |They are an important source of food in northern Canada for some animals. |
|c. |They help form basic soil material. |
|d. |They are a symbiotic relationship between an alga, a fungus, and a plant. |
|e. |They can be used to monitor air quality. |
____ 35. Which of the following members of the kingdom plantae are nonvascular?
|a. |bryophytes |d. |spermatophytes |
|b. |tracheophytes |e. |gymnosperms |
|c. |pteridophytes | |
____ 36. Which of the following members of the kingdom plantae are seedless plants?
|a. |pteridophytes |d. |angiosperms |
|b. |spermatophytes |e. |all of the above are seedless |
|c. |gymnosperms | |
____ 37. In the vascular plants (tracheophytes), what are the names of the two types of vascular tissue?
|a. |xylose and phylum |d. |xylem and phagnum |
|b. |xylum and phagnum |e. |xylum and phloem |
|c. |xylem and phloem | |
____ 38. Which of the following is not a characteristic of plants?
|a. |They lack mobility. |d. |They have cell walls that contain chitin. |
|b. |They are eukaryotic. |e. |Most plants can photosynthesize. |
|c. |They have numerous organelles. | |
____ 39. Which of the following members of the kingdom plantae have enclosed seeds?
|a. |bryophytes |d. |gymnosperms |
|b. |pteridophytes |e. |angiosperms |
|c. |spermatophytes | |
____ 40. "As the environment changes, populations that are suited to their new surroundings survive. Those that are not suited become extinct." These statements illustrate which of the following?
|a. |importance of organisms reproducing rapidly |
|b. |importance of variety in a natural community |
|c. |eventually, everything will become extinct |
|d. |large populations more vulnerable to change than small ones |
|e. |both (b) and (c) |
____ 41. "Having individuals with a variety of inheritable traits in a population increases the likelihood that the species will survive changes in environmental conditions." The source of variety is most likely due to which of the following?
|a. |mitosis |d. |a and b |
|b. |meiosis |e. |b and c |
|c. |mutation | |
____ 42. Which of the following would not be an adaptation of plants for a terrestrial existence?
|a. |structures to allow them to live in an environment where there is little change |
|b. |structures to keep a plant upright |
|c. |conducting tissue for nutrients |
|d. |reproduction system not dependent on water |
|e. |covering to prevent water loss |
____ 43. What are openings in the leaves of plants that permit the exchange of gases called?
|a. |stratoliths |d. |stomata |
|b. |stophanum |e. |stipends |
|c. |stratomorphs | |
____ 44. Why is sexual reproduction in plants is important?
|a. |ensures large numbers of offspring |
|b. |ensures natural variability |
|c. |leads to floral patterns that attract insects for pollination |
|d. |aids in the dispersal of seeds |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 45. Which of the following is a difference between plants and animal cells in terms of cell replication?
|a. |some haploid plant cells divide by mitosis to produce more haploid cells |
|b. |both use mitosis and meiosis |
|c. |meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half |
|d. |diploid cells undergo mitosis to produce additional diploid cells |
|e. |none of these choices are differences |
____ 46. The life cycle of all plants includes both haploid and diploid stages. This is referred to as alternation of
|a. |mitosis. |d. |gametophytes. |
|b. |generations. |e. |sporophytes. |
|c. |meiosis. | |
____ 47. Which of the following would not be found in the diploid sporophyte generation?
|a. |zygote |d. |sporophyte plant |
|b. |embryo |e. |spore mother cells |
|c. |spores | |
____ 48. Which of the following would be found in the haploid gametophyte generation?
|a. |zygote |d. |spores |
|b. |embryo |e. |spore mother cells |
|c. |sporophyte plant | |
____ 49. What form of reproduction is represented by alternation of generations?
|a. |binary fission |d. |asexual |
|b. |fragmentation |e. |sexual |
|c. |budding | |
____ 50. Mosses are members of which plant group?
|a. |bryophytes |d. |gymnosperms |
|b. |tracheophytes |e. |angiosperms |
|c. |pteridophytes | |
____ 51. Why are mosses found in swampy and other relatively moist environments?
|a. |have no waxy cuticle to prevent dehydration |
|b. |lack a vascular system |
|c. |do not have a good means of dispersal and so have always been near water |
|d. |sugars they make during photosynthesis require lots of water to dissolve them |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 52. Which of the following information about mosses is true?
|a. |They have a small but dense set of roots. |
|b. |They have true leaves and stems. |
|c. |They do not produce flowers of seeds. |
|d. |They grow in a wide range of habitats. |
|e. |They can grow to be several metres high. |
____ 53. Which of the following about the life cycle of mosses is false?
|a. |Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation or release of gemmae. |
|b. |The haploid plants are called protonema. |
|c. |The male sex organ is the antheridium. |
|d. |The female sex organ is called the ovary. |
|e. |The embryo is in the diploid sporophyte generation. |
____ 54. Which of the following does not belong in the haploid gametophyte generation of a moss?
|a. |spores |d. |antheridia |
|b. |protonema |e. |zygote |
|c. |archegonia | |
____ 55. Ferns are members of which plant group?
|a. |bryophytes |d. |gymnosperms |
|b. |sporophytes |e. |angiosperms |
|c. |pteridophytes | |
____ 56. Which environment would ferns prefer to live in?
|a. |cold and dry |d. |warm and moist |
|b. |cold and moist |e. |any of these |
|c. |warm and dry | |
____ 57. Which of the following is true about ferns?
|a. |Their most distinctive part is the frond. |d. |They produce seeds. |
|b. |The root portion is called the rhizome. |e. |They play a minor role in succession. |
|c. |They produce flowers. | |
____ 58. Which of the following is false about the life cycle of a fern?
|a. |The cycle involves alternation of generations. |
|b. |Asexual reproduction is usually by fragmentation of the frond. |
|c. |The haploid plant is known as the prothallus. |
|d. |Moisture is needed to transfer the fern sperm to the archegonia. |
|e. |Clusters of sporangia are known as sori. |
____ 59. Which of the following is found in the diploid sporophyte generation of a fern?
|a. |spores |d. |archegonia |
|b. |gametophyte plants |e. |embryo |
|c. |antheridia | |
____ 60. Seed plants are represented by which of the following groups of plants?
|a. |bryophytes |d. |ferns |
|b. |pteridophytes |e. |gymnosperms |
|c. |mosses | |
____ 61. In which environment would you most likely find a seed plant?
|a. |cold and dry |d. |warm and moist |
|b. |cold and moist |e. |virtually all environments |
|c. |warm and dry | |
____ 62. Which of the following facts is true about seed plants?
|a. |Gymnosperms produce seeds enclosed in a fruit formed by certain flower parts. |
|b. |Angiosperms produce "naked" seeds, usually inside cones. |
|c. |They are the most widely distributed and complex group of plants. |
|d. |Asexual reproduction is the preferred method of propagation. |
|e. |They have limited amounts of vascular tissue. |
____ 63. Which of the following does not appear in the life cycle of gymnosperms?
|a. |zygote |d. |antheridia |
|b. |seed |e. |pollen |
|c. |cones | |
____ 64. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a dicotyledonous plant?
|a. |two cotyledons |d. |vascular bundles of stem in a ring |
|b. |parallel venation |e. |floral parts in multiples of four or five |
|c. |two seed leaves | |
____ 65. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an organism in the animal kingdom?
|a. |multicellular |d. |are studied by zoologists |
|b. |eukaryotic |e. |are autotrophic |
|c. |no cell wall | |
____ 66. Which of the following is one of the germ layers in an animal?
|a. |epiderm |d. |ectoderm |
|b. |meriderm |e. |none of the above |
|c. |entoderm | |
____ 67. In an animal with a pseudocoelom, what structure is missing?
|a. |ectoderm |d. |epiderm |
|b. |endoderm |e. |entoderm |
|c. |mesoderm | |
____ 68. How did the development of a coelom aid animals?
|a. |aided digestion |
|b. |aided respiration |
|c. |allowed for an increase in surface area |
|d. |allowed for more space for internal organs |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 69. Which of the following is the best meaning for the word "cephalization"?
|a. |the concentration of nerve tissue and receptors at the anterior end of an animal's body |
|b. |the concentration of nerve tissue and receptors at the posterior end of an animals's body |
|c. |the presence of a head |
|d. |the process of producing a "cephala," as occurs during the reproduction of a Hydra |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 70. What major system is missing in members of the phylum porifera?
|a. |circulatory |d. |respiratory |
|b. |digestive |e. |reproductive |
|c. |nervous | |
____ 71. Which of the following is true about reproduction in sponges?
|a. |They are hermaphroditic. |
|b. |Eggs and sperm are produced at the same time in the same sponge. |
|c. |Fertilized eggs develop into sessile larva. |
|d. |They do not produce asexually. |
|e. |None of these statements is true. |
____ 72. Which of the following is not an ecological role of sponges?
|a. |food source for many other animals |
|b. |shelter for many smaller invertebrates |
|c. |help regulate global carbon dioxide levels |
|d. |some help recycle calcium in the ocean |
|e. |involved in symbiotic relationships with other organisms |
____ 73. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a cnidarian?
|a. |aquatic or terrestrial habitat |d. |possess true tissues |
|b. |radially symmetric |e. |have only ectoderm and endoderm |
|c. |have tentacles | |
____ 74. Which of the following is not true about cnidarians?
|a. |body form is either polyp or medusa |
|b. |food captured by nematocysts |
|c. |digestive tract has opening at both ends |
|d. |sexual and asexual reproduction are possible |
|e. |form coral reefs |
____ 75. Which of the following is not true about the phylum platyhelminthes?
|a. |bilateral symmetry |d. |digestive system with two openings |
|b. |cephalization |e. |rudimentary excretory system |
|c. |have mesoderm | |
____ 76. Which of the following is not true about the nematoda?
|a. |both free-living and parasitic species |d. |lack a respiratory system |
|b. |have a "blind" digestive tract |e. |lack a circulatory system |
|c. |have a nervous system | |
____ 77. Which of the following is not true about the annelida?
|a. |have segments |d. |have a circulatory system |
|b. |include leeches |e. |have an excretory system |
|c. |possess a pseudocoelom | |
____ 78. Which of following represent a list of representative organisms from the platyhelminthes, nematoda, and annelida?
|a. |pinworms, flukes, leeches |d. |hookworms, heartworms, tapeworms |
|b. |tapeworms, heartworms, hookworms |e. |planaria, polychaetes, leeches |
|c. |planaria, ascaris, earthworm | |
____ 79. Which of the following is not a benefit of earthworms?
|a. |mix and churn soil |
|b. |increase aeration |
|c. |increase drainage |
|d. |break down organic matter |
|e. |keep parasitic soil nematode population down |
____ 80. Which of the following is not a member of the mollusca?
|a. |snails |d. |polychaetes |
|b. |clams |e. |slugs |
|c. |squid | |
____ 81. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mollusca?
|a. |lack a coelom |d. |referred to as 'protostomes' |
|b. |bilaterally symmetrical |e. |have a head, except for bivalves |
|c. |similar pattern of egg development | |
____ 82. Which one of the following is not a common feature in the body plan of mollusks?
|a. |foot |d. |shell |
|b. |visceral coelom |e. |gills |
|c. |mantle | |
____ 83. What makes cephalopods different from other mollusca?
|a. |they lack cephalization |d. |they are dioecious |
|b. |they lack a coelom |e. |they are heterotrophic |
|c. |they are radially symmetrical | |
____ 84. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the echinodermata?
|a. |pentamerous radial symmetry |
|b. |referred to as "deuterostomes" |
|c. |have a water vascular system |
|d. |have a true endoskeleton |
|e. |have only one opening for ingestion/egestion |
____ 85. Which of the following is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom?
|a. |Porifera |d. |Mollusca |
|b. |Arthropoda |e. |Insecta |
|c. |Annelida | |
____ 86. Which of the following is not included as a member of the arthropods?
|a. |spiders |d. |barnacles |
|b. |crabs |e. |centipedes |
|c. |starfish | |
____ 87. In which one of the following habitats would you not find an arthropod?
|a. |desert |d. |Arctic ice |
|b. |deep ocean |e. |are found in all habitats |
|c. |forest | |
____ 88. What is the key feature that separates the arthropods from all other animals?
|a. |cephalization |d. |photoreceptors |
|b. |segmentation |e. |jointed appendages |
|c. |an exoskeleton | |
____ 89. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the exoskeleton?
|a. |composed of chitin, as in some fungi |
|b. |protects internal organs |
|c. |must be shed to allow for growth |
|d. |acts as a reserve for calcium |
|e. |has an internal layer continuous across joints |
____ 90. Which of the following is not a subphyla of the chordata?
|a. |Cephalochordata |
|b. |Mammalochordata |
|c. |Urochordata |
|d. |Vertebrata |
|e. |all of the above are subphyla of chordata |
____ 91. Which of the following classes is not contained within the phylum chordata?
|a. |Aves |d. |Chondrichthyes |
|b. |Agnatha |e. |Reptilia |
|c. |Platyhelminthes | |
____ 92. With the exception of birds and mammals, all other vertebrates are cold-blooded. Cold-blooded organisms are more correctly referred to as which of the following?
|a. |endotherms |d. |epitherms |
|b. |ectotherms |e. |none of the above |
|c. |mesotherms | |
____ 93. All chordates, at some state in their life cycle, do not have which of the following features?
|a. |notochord |d. |a tail |
|b. |hollow dorsal nerve tube |e. |a pharynx |
|c. |gills | |
____ 94. A system that classifies organisms based on the presence or absences of shared derived characteristics is called which of the following?
|a. |apomorphics |d. |plesiomorphics |
|b. |binomial nomenclature |e. |morphic tectonics |
|c. |cladistics | |
____ 95. Marathon swimmers, such as those that attempt to swim across Lake Ontario, sometimes find that lamprey attach themselves to them. Lamprey are examples of which class of chordates?
|a. |Agnatha |d. |Placodermi |
|b. |Chondrichthyes |e. |none of the above |
|c. |Osteichthyes | |
____ 96. What is the main characteristic of members of the class chondrichthyes?
|a. |paired fins |d. |jaws with multiple rows of teeth |
|b. |placoid scales |e. |lateral line |
|c. |cartilaginous skeleton | |
____ 97. Gills are delicate structures, so in most organisms that have gills they are protected by some specialized structure. In members of the osteichthyes that structure is called which of the following?
|a. |lateral line |d. |osteodermis |
|b. |placoid plate |e. |gill plate |
|c. |operculum | |
____ 98. Some classes of primitive fish will sink if they stop moving. More modern fish are equipped with what structure that gets around this problem?
|a. |buoyancy bladder |d. |depth control organ |
|b. |swim bladder |e. |none of the above |
|c. |air sac | |
____ 99. What is particularly unique about the lungfish and lobe-finned fishes?
|a. |fins adapted for terrestrial movement |
|b. |stereoscopic vision for prey detection |
|c. |backward-pointing teeth for prey capture |
|d. |ability to breathe in water and in air |
|e. |closest relatives of the agnathans |
____ 100. Which of the following is not a way in which members of the amphibians are classified?
|a. |legless amphibians |d. |tailed amphibians |
|b. |tailless amphibians |e. |all of these classifications are used |
|c. |legged amphibians | |
____ 101. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an amphibian when considering frogs and toads?
|a. |internal fertilization |d. |aquatic habitat for most young |
|b. |eggs laid in fresh water |e. |three-chambered heart |
|c. |herbivorous young | |
____ 102. Which of the following best describes the path that blood takes in an amphibian heart?
|a. |ventricle, left and right atrium, body and lungs, ventricle |
|b. |ventricle, left and right atrium, ventricle, body and lungs |
|c. |ventricle, lungs and body, ventricle, left and right atrium |
|d. |ventricle, lungs and body, ventricle, right and left atrium |
|e. |ventricle, left and right atrium, lungs and body, ventricle |
____ 103. Examples of legless, tailless, and tailed amphibians, in that order, would be which of the following?
|a. |frogs/toads, salamanders/newts, caecilians |
|b. |salamanders/newts, caecilians, frogs/toads |
|c. |caecilians, frogs/toads, salamanders/newts |
|d. |snakes, lizards, salamanders/newts |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 104. The ancestral land vertebrate was likely which of the following?
|a. |thecodont |d. |lobe-finned fish |
|b. |dimetrodon |e. |lungfish |
|c. |Archaeopteryx | |
____ 105. Which of the following is not a subclass of the class reptilia?
|a. |Anapsida |d. |Archosaura |
|b. |Napsida |e. |all of these are subclasses of reptilia |
|c. |Lepidosaura | |
____ 106. Which of the following was not an adaptation that helped reptiles become successful on land?
|a. |skin that reduces water loss |d. |an allantoic egg |
|b. |lung with internal foldings |e. |a lightweight skeleton |
|c. |larger septum in the ventricle | |
____ 107. Which of the following is not part of the amniotic egg?
|a. |amnion |d. |fimbriae |
|b. |allantois |e. |albumin |
|c. |chorion | |
____ 108. What is the function of the allantois in the amniotic egg?
|a. |holds and cushions the embryo |
|b. |holds the waste produced by the embryo |
|c. |lines the inside of the shell |
|d. |contains the stored food |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 109. When reptiles first invaded the land, they increased greatly in number and variety due to lack of competition. This situation should lead to
|a. |extinction |d. |a stable population |
|b. |decreased biodiversity |e. |none of the above |
|c. |increased biodiversity | |
____ 110. Archaeopteryx represents a transition between which of the following?
|a. |fish and amphibians |d. |birds and mammals |
|b. |amphibians and reptiles |e. |none of the above |
|c. |reptiles and birds | |
____ 111. The major feature of transitional animals between reptiles and birds was which of the following?
|a. |beaklike snout |d. |long bony tail |
|b. |bipedalism |e. |presence of feathers |
|c. |thick bones | |
____ 112. In class Aves, most of the specialization that has occurred is a result of which of the following?
|a. |walking |
|b. |eating |
|c. |breathing and circulation |
|d. |flight |
|e. |sharpening all senses compared to reptiles |
____ 113. Which of the following is not a characteristic that improves the ability to fly?
|a. |feathers |d. |three-chambered heart with large septum |
|b. |lungs with air sacs |e. |large sternum |
|c. |hollow bones | |
____ 114. The advent of the four-chambered heart first appears in which of the following groups?
|a. |amphibians |d. |mammals |
|b. |birds |e. |reptiles |
|c. |fish | |
____ 115. What major event probably allowed the mammals to flourish?
|a. |increase in size of the hindbrain |d. |stabilization of Earth's climate |
|b. |increase in size of the forebrain |e. |invasion of the land by plants for food |
|c. |extinction of the dinosaurs | |
____ 116. What major feature separates the monotremes and marsupials from the mammals?
|a. |eggs |d. |vertebrae |
|b. |mammary glands |e. |placenta |
|c. |hair | |
____ 117. Which of the following is not a general characteristic of mammals?
|a. |warm-blooded |d. |stereotypical behaviours possible |
|b. |air-breathing |e. |sweat glands |
|c. |vertebrae | |
____ 118. What is the most distinctive feature of mammals?
|a. |hair |d. |mammary glands |
|b. |warm-blooded |e. |placenta |
|c. |sweat glands | |
____ 119. Which of the following would not be considered a characteristic that would allow a mammal to live in an aquatic habitat?
|a. |flippers |d. |streamlined body |
|b. |well-developed tail |e. |swim bladder |
|c. |blowhole for breathing | |
Unit 5 Plants: Anatomy, Growth, and Functions
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. What is the most distinguishing feature of the plant kingdom?
|a. |All plants contain vascular tissue. |
|b. |All plants make their own carbohydrates by photosynthesis. |
|c. |All plants reproduce either by sexual or asexual reproduction. |
|d. |All plants are anchored by roots. |
|e. |All plants contain chloroplasts. |
____ 2. Which of the following statements is correct?
|a. |Plant cells divide by mitosis in several regions of the root. |
|b. |The meristem tissue is found only in the root. |
|c. |There are two types of meristem tissue: apical meristem and lateral meristem. |
|d. |The apical meristem causes the roots of the plant to widen. |
|e. |The vascular cambium produces cells that become new meristem tissue. |
____ 3. The main difference between primary and secondary growth is:
|a. |Primary growth occurs in the first year and secondary growth occurs in the second year of a plant's life only. |
|b. |Primary growth results in the increase of the length of the plant in the first year only, whereas secondary growth |
| |results in an increase in the length and the width of the plant in the subsequent years only. |
|c. |Primary growth results in the overall growth of the diameter of the plant in the first year, whereas secondary growth |
| |results in the overall lateral growth of the plant in the subsequent years. |
|d. |Primary growth includes a growth in diameter only, whereas secondary growth includes all growth in the length of the |
| |plant throughout the rest of a plant's life. |
|e. |Primary growth includes the overall growth of the length of a plant in its first year of growth and an increase in the |
| |diameter for the plant's entire life, whereas secondary growth results in an increase in the length of the plant for its|
| |entire life. |
____ 4. Which of the following statements concerning leaf structure is incorrect?
|a. |The blade is the flattened main part of the leaf. |
|b. |The leaf grows from points on the stem called nodes. |
|c. |The region on the stem between two nodes is called an internode. |
|d. |Each leaf is connected to the stem by a short stalk called the blade. |
|e. |The vascular tissue in the stem sends out a branch to the leaf called a vein. |
____ 5. Which of the following statements concerning the leaf is incorrect?
|a. |The photosynthetic tissue is called mesophyll. |
|b. |The palisade mesophyll is the primary site for photosynthesis. |
|c. |The spongy mesophyll contains many pockets called air spaces. |
|d. |The air spaces cause the diffusion of CO2 out of the mesophyll and O2 into the mesophyll cells. |
|e. |Photosynthesis causes the levels of CO2 to drop in the mesophyll cells. |
____ 6. Plants with very broad leaves would be expected to survive best in
|a. |shaded areas. |
|b. |an open sunny field. |
|c. |cold climates. |
|d. |areas of low precipitation. |
|e. |areas with a high salt content in the soil. |
____ 7. Which of the following is not a function of the root?
|a. |Roots produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis. |
|b. |Roots absorb water and minerals. |
|c. |Roots support and anchor a plant. |
|d. |Roots produce hormones. |
|e. |Roots produce toxins to prevent the germination of other plant seeds. |
____ 8. To adapt to various conditions, some plants have roots that
|a. |produce toxins in the soil to prevent the germination of other plant seeds. |
|b. |have specialized extensions called aerial roots that grow in the air to collect oxygen for the main root growing in an |
| |oxygen-poor soil. |
|c. |are very wide to store large quantities of carbohydrates. |
|d. |a and c only |
|e. |all of the above |
____ 9. Which of the following is not required for photosynthesis to take place?
|a. |carbon dioxide |d. |oxygen |
|b. |water |e. |chlorophyll |
|c. |sunlight | |
____ 10. The part of the plant that is above ground is called the
|a. |shoot. |d. |lateral meristem. |
|b. |apical part. |e. |vascular cambium. |
|c. |aerial root. | |
____ 11. The region of cell division occurring at the tip of the root or stem is called the
|a. |shoot. |d. |vascular cambium. |
|b. |apical meristem. |e. |root. |
|c. |lateral meristem. | |
____ 12. Cells produced by the lateral meristem are called
|a. |ground tissues. |d. |lateral tissues. |
|b. |shoots. |e. |secondary tissues. |
|c. |primary tissues. | |
____ 13. A tree that shows secondary growth is called
|a. |a seedling. |d. |an annual plant. |
|b. |a woody plant. |e. |a herbaceous plant. |
|c. |a monocot plant. | |
____ 14. Secondary growth is produced mainly by the
|a. |cork. |d. |meristem. |
|b. |ground tissue. |e. |apical meristem. |
|c. |vascular cambium. | |
____ 15. When the vascular cambium divides, the cells produced will develop into phloem if
|a. |they can carry water and minerals. |
|b. |they are located just inside of the cambium. |
|c. |they are located in the middle of the stem. |
|d. |they are located just outside of the cambium. |
|e. |they can carry minerals only. |
____ 16. Which of the following best describes the parenchyma tissue?
|a. |cells with moderately thick walls for flexibility |
|b. |cells with very thick walls with lignin for strength and support |
|c. |cells that are long with tapered ends and cell walls with pits |
|d. |cells that are long and thin with large pores at their ends |
|e. |cells with large spaces for water storage |
____ 17. Which of the following best describes the collenchyma tissue?
|a. |cells with moderately thick walls for flexibility |
|b. |cells with very thick walls with lignin for strength and support |
|c. |cells that are long with tapered ends and cell walls with pits |
|d. |cells that are long and thin with large pores at their ends |
|e. |cells with large spaces for water storage |
____ 18. Which of the following best describes the sclerenchyma tissue?
|a. |cells with moderately thick walls for flexibility |
|b. |cells with very thick walls with lignin for strength and support |
|c. |cells that are long with tapered ends and cell walls with pits |
|d. |cells that are long and thin with large pores at their ends |
|e. |cells with large spaces for water storage |
____ 19. How is a plant containing a large amount of collenchyma tissue adapted to its environment?
|a. |The plant will be able to produce plant parts that are hard, such as spines and shells. |
|b. |The plant will be able to store large amounts of nutrients. |
|c. |The plant will be able to tolerate windy conditions. |
|d. |The plant will be able to tolerate large amounts of moisture. |
|e. |The plant will be able to tolerate dry conditions. |
____ 20. Which of the following concerning the xylem and phloem tissue is false?
|a. |Phloem cells contain dead conducting cells. |
|b. |Xylem cells carry water and minerals. |
|c. |Phloem cells carry carbohydrates. |
|d. |Xylem cells make up the wood in a tree. |
|e. |Phloem is part of the bark. |
____ 21. The two main kinds of cells in xylem are
|a. |tracheids and companion cells |d. |vessel elements and companion cells |
|b. |tracheids and vessel elements |e. |tracheids and sieve tube members |
|c. |sieve cells and sieve tube members | |
____ 22. A row of cells lined up end to end with perforations in their end walls that conduct water efficiently are called
|a. |sieve cells. |d. |sieve plates. |
|b. |companion cells. |e. |phloem. |
|c. |vessel elements. | |
____ 23. Why do succulent plants contain a large amount of parenchyma tissue?
|a. |to be able to tolerate windy conditions |
|b. |to be able to produce hardened plant parts such as spines |
|c. |to produce a flexible stem |
|d. |to be able to store large quantities of water |
|e. |a and d only |
____ 24. If a plant's leaves lost their cuticle through the action of an air pollutant, the major danger to the plant is
|a. |too much moisture. |d. |loss of oxygen. |
|b. |loss of moisture. |e. |loss of carbon dioxide. |
|c. |lack of minerals. | |
____ 25. The ____ is located between the petiole of the leaf and the stem.
|a. |node |d. |bud |
|b. |internode |e. |sheath |
|c. |blade | |
____ 26. Photosynthetic cells of the leaves obtain water from
|a. |stomata. |d. |phloem cells of veins. |
|b. |guard cells. |e. |xylem cells of veins. |
|c. |air. | |
The arrows represent the diffusion of substances in the leaf.
[pic]
____ 27. Refer to the diagram above. Suppose the plant was exposed to light. The arrows I and III will represent the movement of
|a. |water and oxygen. |d. |carbon dioxide and carbohydrates. |
|b. |oxygen and carbon dioxide. |e. |oxygen only. |
|c. |water and carbon dioxide. | |
____ 28. Refer to the diagram above. At night, arrow II would represent the diffusion of
|a. |water. |d. |carbohydrates. |
|b. |carbon dioxide. |e. |nitrates. |
|c. |oxygen. | |
____ 29. Which of the following best describes monocot leaves?
|a. |parallel veins, petiole, long blade |d. |parallel veins, leaf sheath, long blade |
|b. |wide blade, petiole, leaf sheath |e. |scattered veins, leaf sheath, long blade |
|c. |wide blade, leaf sheath, parallel veins | |
____ 30. When the stomata are open they allow carbon dioxide to enter, but they also allow
|a. |oxygen to diffuse into the leaf. |
|b. |mesophyll cells to be lost to the air. |
|c. |for the loss of water. |
|d. |for photosynthesis to continue in the dark. |
|e. |nitrates to leave the leaf. |
____ 31. The only way plants can control water loss on a short-term basis is to
|a. |close their stomata. |d. |grow only where water is available. |
|b. |develop a thick waxy layer. |e. |all of the above. |
|c. |produce a thick layer of bark. | |
[pic]
____ 32. Identify the structure where carbon dioxide enters the leaf.
|a. |A |d. |D |
|b. |B |e. |E |
|c. |C | |
____ 33. Identify the structure where most photosythesis occurs.
|a. |A |d. |D |
|b. |B |e. |E |
|c. |C | |
____ 34. Identify the site where most oxygen is produced.
|a. |A |d. |D |
|b. |B |e. |E |
|c. |C | |
____ 35. Identify the structure that transports carbohydrates to other parts of the plant.
|a. |A |d. |D |
|b. |B |e. |E |
|c. |C | |
____ 36. Identify where most of the light energy enters.
|a. |A |d. |D |
|b. |B |e. |E |
|c. |C | |
____ 37. Many plants store chemicals in their leaves such as nicotine. A possible reason for this is
|a. |to prevent the leaves from freezing in the winter. |
|b. |to attract insect pollinators to the plant. |
|c. |to increase the efficiency of light absorption. |
|d. |to prevent the herbivores from eating the leaves. |
|e. |to encourage certain insects to consume the leaves so they become unpalatable to their enemies. |
____ 38. Which of the following concerning roots is incorrect?
|a. |Monocot roots exhibit primary growth and secondary growth. |
|b. |Dicot roots are called taproots. |
|c. |Monocot roots form fibrous roots. |
|d. |Dicots are called perennials because they exhibit secondary growth. |
|e. |Secondary growth causes the xylem and the phloem to increase in diameter. |
____ 39. Which of the following is in the correct order for the tissues in a stem from the outside to the centre?
|a. |cork cambium, cork, cortex, xylem, vascular cambium, phloem |
|b. |cork, cork cambium, phloem, cortex, vascular cambium, xylem |
|c. |cork cambium, cork, cortex, phloem, xylem, vascular cambium |
|d. |cork, cork cambium, cortex, phloem, vascular cambium, xylem |
|e. |cork, cork cambium, vascular cambium, cortex, phloem, xylem |
____ 40. Which of the following is not a stem adaptation?
|a. |peeling bark |d. |green fleshy stems |
|b. |twining stems |e. |spiny stems |
|c. |hollow stems | |
____ 41. Bryophytes do not have vascular tissue due to their
|a. |size. |d. |reproduction. |
|b. |location. |e. |metabolism. |
|c. |nutrition. | |
____ 42. Water rises to the top of tall trees because transpiration in the leaves produces a force that
|a. |puts pressure on the root. |d. |helps to get rid of excess water. |
|b. |attracts water to the root. |e. |puts pressure on the xylem in the stem. |
|c. |pulls water up from the root. | |
____ 43. Which of the following best describes the seeds of a dicot?
|a. |The seeds produce only one cotyledon with no endosperm. |
|b. |The seeds contain two cotyledons with endosperm. |
|c. |The seeds contain two cotyledons and very little endosperm. |
|d. |An example is the bean. |
|e. |c and d |
____ 44. All of the following represent seed dispersal adaptations except
|a. |hooks on the fruit. |
|b. |spines on the fruit. |
|c. |fleshy fruit. |
|d. |sticky seeds. |
|e. |fluffy parachute structures on the seeds. |
____ 45. A plant embryo surrounded by a seed coat is called
|a. |a fruit. |d. |an endosperm. |
|b. |a seed. |e. |a cotyledon. |
|c. |a zygote. | |
____ 46. What two conditions are necessary for seed germination?
|a. |water and oxygen |d. |carbon dioxide and temperature |
|b. |temperature and oxygen |e. |water and temperature |
|c. |water and carbon dioxide | |
____ 47. The quality of light a plant receives is influenced by
|I |time of day |
|II |cloud cover |
|III |competition by other plants |
|IV |shading by other plants |
|V |latitude |
|VI |angles of incidence during different seasons |
|a. |I, II, III, IV, and VI only |d. |I, II, III, V, and VI only |
|b. |I, III, IV, V, and VI only |e. |I, II, IV, V, and VI only |
|c. |I, II, IV, and VI only | |
____ 48. Photoperiod is defined as
|a. |the amount of cloud cover a plant receives. |
|b. |the quantity of daylight hours a plant receives. |
|c. |the quality of light a plant receives. |
|d. |quantity of shade a plant receives. |
|e. |the angle of incidence during different seasons. |
____ 49. The following macronutrients make up 95% of the dry mass of plants:
|a. |nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen |d. |phosphorus, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
|b. |carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |e. |carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen |
|c. |potassium, oxygen, and nitrogen | |
____ 50. A plant growing in a greenhouse produces very little seeds, and the leaves are very dark. Which of the following nutrients is the plant missing?
|a. |sulfur |d. |phosphorus |
|b. |potassium |e. |calcium |
|c. |nitrogen | |
____ 51. A plant whose older leaves are yellowing would be diagnosed as lacking in which nutrient?
|a. |nitrogen |d. |calcium |
|b. |magnesium |e. |sulfur |
|c. |phosphorus | |
____ 52. An example of a micronutrient needed by plants in very small amounts is
|a. |nitrogen. |d. |phosphorus. |
|b. |sulfur. |e. |calcium. |
|c. |manganese. | |
____ 53. Which of the following statements concerning absorption of nutrients is correct?
|a. |Nitrate ions and sulfate ions are held by soil particles and are not easily leached away. |
|b. |Nutrients are released from weathering of rocks in the form of organic ions. |
|c. |Positive ions in the soil bind to negatively charged clay particles making them unavailable to the plant. |
|d. |Hydrogen ions, released from the root hairs, exchange places with the negatively charged clay particles. |
|e. |Positive ions such as calcium and potassium are not held by soil particles, and they are easily absorbed by plant roots.|
____ 54. A legume plant such as peas is growing in a garden. An examination of the soil content surrounding the plant would reveal high levels of which nutrient?
|a. |phosphorus |d. |magnesium |
|b. |nitrogen |e. |sulfur |
|c. |potassium | |
____ 55. If the apical bud of a plant is removed to make the plant more bushy, which source of plant hormones has been removed?
|a. |auxins |d. |ethylene |
|b. |gibberellins |e. |abscisic acid |
|c. |cytokinins | |
____ 56. When a plant's stem bolts just before it flowers, the hormone involved is
|a. |auxin. |d. |ethylene. |
|b. |gibberellin. |e. |abscisic acid. |
|c. |cytokinin. | |
____ 57. For fruit to ripen quickly, it is often placed in a brown paper bag because
|a. |this prevents the light from rotting the fruit and slowing down its ripening. |
|b. |the darkness will cause the fruit to ripen faster than in the light. |
|c. |the levels of ethylene produced by the fruit will decrease in the bag, thus causing the fruit to ripen. |
|d. |the levels of abscisic acid will rise in the bag, causing the fruit to ripen faster. |
|e. |the levels of ethylene will rise causing the fruit to ripen faster. |
____ 58. A colour change in the fruit and increase in its sweetness is due to
|a. |the plant hormone ethylene. |d. |spraying the fruit with abscisic acid. |
|b. |keeping the fruit in the Sun. |e. |keeping the fruit in the cold. |
|c. |picking the fruit off the plant early. | |
____ 59. Plants change their activity according to a 24-hour cycle corresponding to alternations of light and darkness. Such responses are due to
|a. |light. |d. |plant hormones. |
|b. |dark. |e. |temperature. |
|c. |photoperiod. | |
____ 60. The ability of a seed not to germinate when the conditions are unfavourable is critical to the plants survival. This is called
|a. |dormancy. |d. |hibernation. |
|b. |photoperiod. |e. |activation. |
|c. |translocation. | |
____ 61. A farmer wishes to keep the fruits on the trees for as long as possible. Which plant hormone should he remove from the plant?
|a. |abscisic acid |d. |gibberellin |
|b. |ethylene |e. |auxin |
|c. |cytokinin | |
____ 62. Succession is defined as
|a. |a series of gradual changes occurring in plants, followed by animals in an area. |
|b. |the replacement of one type of vegetation with another in an area. |
|c. |all the abiotic and biotic factors characteristic of a region. |
|d. |distinct steps that result in a climax community of several species living in one area. |
|e. |coexistence of several species living in one area. |
____ 63. Forest fires create
|a. |fertile soil |d. |a lack of competition among plants |
|b. |open ground |e. |all of the above |
|c. |more available light | |
____ 64. Which of the following concerning succession is true?
|a. |Succession is a rapid change in the vegetation of an area. |
|b. |Succession is influenced by biotic factors. |
|c. |The steps of succession are distinct. |
|d. |The climax community is the final stage of succession. |
|e. |Succession only occurs in terrestrial ecosystems. |
____ 65. Which of the following concerning primary succession is correct?
|a. |Primary succession follows a partial or complete destruction of an existing community. |
|b. |Primary succession depends on lichens, which help build the soil. |
|c. |Primary succession occurs where life previously existed, a burned forest, for example. |
|d. |An example of primary succession is the changes in a farmers' field when it is no longer being cultivated. |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 66. Which of the following concerning secondary succession is correct?
|a. |Secondary succession follows a partial or complete destruction of an existing community. |
|b. |Secondary succession depends on lichens, which help build the soil. |
|c. |It occurs where life previously existed, a burned forest, for example. |
|d. |all of the above |
|e. |a and c only |
____ 67. Where is primary succession likely to begin?
|a. |in an abandoned field |d. |in a freshly dug garden |
|b. |where a forest has been clear cut |e. |in a forest after a forest fire |
|c. |on a sandy beach | |
____ 68. Secondary succession can best be described as
|a. |plants regrowing in a cleared-out forest. |
|b. |lichens helping to break down rock and form soil. |
|c. |plants growing on a sandy beach. |
|d. |mosses growing on a bare rock. |
|e. |b, c, and d only |
____ 69. Why do lichens not need vascular tissue?
|a. |They have extensive roots that cover the rocks and extend into the soil. |
|b. |They absorb water from the air. |
|c. |They grow very low to the ground, so there is no need to transport water up the plant. |
|d. |They can store a large amount of water in their cells. |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 70. An example of secondary succession is
|a. |the regrowth of an area after a forest fire. |
|b. |cultivating a new field and planting a new crop. |
|c. |invasion of plants on a newly formed volcanic rock. |
|d. |growth of plants on a sandy beach. |
|e. |growth of lichens on a bare rock. |
____ 71. Interspecific competition refers to competition between
|a. |people of different areas. |d. |different species. |
|b. |members of the same species. |e. |plants and animals. |
|c. |herbivores and carnivores. | |
____ 72. Intraspecific competition refers to competition between
|a. |people of different areas. |d. |different species. |
|b. |members of the same species. |e. |plants and animals. |
|c. |herbivores and carnivores. | |
____ 73. Which of the following is incorrect concerning biodiversity?
|a. |Biodiversity describes differences in the variety of environments in which organisms live. |
|b. |Animal diversity depends on the variety of plants. |
|c. |Biodiversity is highest in the tropical rain forest. |
|d. |Biodiversity is low in the desert. |
|e. |Biodiversity is high where there is a lot of plants in an area. |
____ 74. All of the following are examples of lowering biodiversity except:
|a. |asexual reproduction |
|b. |introduction of an exotic noninvasive plant species |
|c. |spraying a field with a herbicide |
|d. |an equal-aged pine forest |
|e. |introduction of an exotic invasive plant species |
____ 75. Fertilizers are necessary if the soil lacks one of the following nutrients:
|a. |calcium, carbon, potassium |d. |nitrogen, calcium, magnesium |
|b. |nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium |e. |phosphorus, potassium, magnesium |
|c. |nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium | |
____ 76. Which of the following concerning plant nutrients is incorrect?
|a. |Phosphorus is needed early in plant development for root formation |
|b. |Nitrogen promotes leafy growth. |
|c. |Potassium is needed for strong stems. |
|d. |Nitrogen is needed in large amounts in early to midseason. |
|e. |Potassium and phosphorus are needed in large quantities in early to midseason. |
____ 77. Natural fertilizers can be distinguished from synthetic fertilizers because:
|a. |Natural fertilizers are more concentrated than synthetic fertilizers. |
|b. |Natural fertilizers can be easily leached from the soil compared with synthetic fertilizers. |
|c. |Natural fertilizers release their nutrients slowly compared with synthetic fertilizers. |
|d. |Too much natural fertilizer can kill plants |
|e. |Natural fertilizers all have the same mineral content compared with synthetic fertilizers, where the content changes |
| |depending on the type. |
____ 78. All of the following are examples of natural fertilizers except:
|a. |manure |d. |sewage sludge |
|b. |kitchen scraps |e. |crop rotation |
|c. |bone meal | |
____ 79. Crop rotation involves
|a. |alternating between legume and nonlegume plants. |
|b. |adding manure to a different crop each year. |
|c. |no addition of a soil fertilizer. |
|d. |a and b only |
|e. |a and c only |
____ 80. The problem with synthetic fertilizers is
|a. |the manufacturing process to produce the fertilizers produces a large amount of waste. |
|b. |they can cause an imbalance in soil composition. |
|c. |they release their nutrients slowly, so a large amount is needed for the plants. |
|d. |they stay in the soil for a long time. |
|e. |they can cause other nutrients in the soil to be unavailable to plants. |
____ 81. The advantage to growing plants hydroponically is
|a. |a greenhouse is not required. |
|b. |no soil is required. |
|c. |the concentration of nutrients the plants receive can be accurately controlled. |
|d. |only natural fertilizers need to be used. |
|e. |a, b, and c only |
____ 82. Farmers regularly rotate legume and nonlegume crops
|a. |to remove excess nitrogen from the soil. |
|b. |so a plant with a low nitrogen demand can be planted in the field. |
|c. |to prevent insects from destroying the crops since they change regularly. |
|d. |to grow a variety of crops. |
|e. |to improve the soil fertility without the addition of a fertilizer. |
____ 83. A farmer wishes to plant three crops to support and help feed the world. Which of the following are the three most important food crops he should grow?
|a. |wheat, rice, soybeans |d. |corn, wheat, soybeans |
|b. |wheat, rice, corn |e. |corn, rice, soybeans |
|c. |rice, potatoes, corn | |
____ 84. What food crops would a farmer mainly use to feed his animals?
|a. |corn and barley |d. |wheat and soybeans |
|b. |corn and soybeans |e. |corn and wheat |
|c. |barley and soybeans | |
____ 85. Which of the following concerning domestication of plants is incorrect?
|a. |Plant breeding has resulted in a variety of cabbage-related vegetables such as kale and cauliflower. |
|b. |It increased the amount of food produced. |
|c. |It involves collecting, planting, and cultivating seeds from the best plants. |
|d. |It began with wheat, peas, and olive plants. |
|e. |none of the above |
____ 86. If a student were to breed the flowers of the sea cabbage plant, what new food plants would be produced over time?
|a. |brussel sprouts and ornamental cabbage |d. |all of the above |
|b. |cabbage and cauliflower |e. |a and c only |
|c. |broccoli and kohlrabi | |
____ 87. If a student were to artificially select the stem of the sea cabbage plant, what new food plants would be produced over time?
|a. |brussel sprouts and ornamental cabbage |d. |all of the above |
|b. |cabbage and cauliflower |e. |a and c only |
|c. |broccoli and kohlrabi | |
____ 88. Which of the following plants is related to the sea cabbage?
|a. |corn |d. |broccoli |
|b. |soybeans |e. |carrots |
|c. |rice | |
____ 89. The climate in Ontario is not suitable for cultivating the following food crops:
|a. |potatoes and corn |d. |tomatoes and potatoes |
|b. |rice and sugar cane |e. |barley and wheat |
|c. |apples and strawberries | |
____ 90. Which part of the plant is used in the food plant product chocolate?
|a. |root |d. |seed |
|b. |stem |e. |flower |
|c. |leaves | |
____ 91. When selecting seeds to grow in your garden in Northern Ontario, what characteristic(s) of the seeds would be most important?
|a. |short growing season |
|b. |fertile soil |
|c. |soil high in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus |
|d. |all of the above |
|e. |a and c only |
____ 92. If a farmer wished to grow a profitable plant-specialty product, which should he grow?
|a. |coffee |d. |chocolate |
|b. |hops |e. |cola |
|c. |tea | |
____ 93. How does the technology of hydroponic or greenhouse growing improve our ability to eat a variety of plant foods during the winter months?
|a. |No soil is required and the nutrients the plants receive can be regulated to meet the needs of the growing plants. |
|b. |The temperature of the plants can be controlled to whatever is required. |
|c. |There is no need for fertilizers. |
|d. |all of the above |
|e. |a and b only |
____ 94. The green revolution is best described as
|a. |an increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides from the late 1960s to the 1980s. |
|b. |a decrease in the use of fertilizers and pesticides from the late 1960s to the 1980s. |
|c. |the cultivation of hybrid plant crops from the late 1960s to the 1980s. |
|d. |a large increase in food production from the late 1960s to the 1980s. |
|e. |a large decrease in the use of hybrid plant crops from the late 1960s to the 1980s. |
____ 95. The Green Revolution resulted in the use of high-yielding hybrid crops. The disadvantage of these crops was that
|a. |they were less disease resistant. |
|b. |they required an increased use of fertilizers and pesticides. |
|c. |more fuel was needed for the intensive mechanical farming methods of these crops. |
|d. |less local variety of crops were grown. resulting in a loss of biodiversity in the world's food crops. |
|e. |all of the above |
____ 96. Why is genetic diversity in plant crops important?
|a. |There would only be a few varieties of plant crops. |
|b. |It causes plants to be susceptible to insect attack and disease. |
|c. |It causes plants to show a small range of responses to environmental stresses. |
|d. |It ensures that important plants are not wiped out by one drastic stress. |
|e. |all of the above |
____ 97. How is genetic diversity in plant crops achieved?
|a. |by cross breeding plants |
|b. |by seed banks |
|c. |by conservation of areas where wild plants grow |
|d. |by use of biotechnology |
|e. |all of the above |
____ 98. Plants are the source of many products that include which of the following?
|I |Fuel |
|II |Fibres |
|III |Food |
|IV |Fossil fuels |
|V |Wood products |
|a. |I, II, and III |d. |I, II, III, IV, and V |
|b. |I, II, III, and IV |e. |I, II, III, and V |
|c. |II, III, IV, and V | |
____ 99. Which of the following statements concerning fuels is incorrect?
|I |Wood consists mostly of cellulose of living xylem tissue. |
|II |Dead plant material becomes coal, gas, and oil overtime. |
|III |An oak tree contains more energy when burned than a pine tree. |
|a. |I only |d. |II and III |
|b. |I and II only |e. |III only |
|c. |I, II, and III | |
____ 100. The danger of using firewood as a fuel includes which of the following?
|I |Forests are destroyed. |
|II |The planet's ability to absorb CO2 is increasing. |
|III |Habitats are being lost. |
|IV |Erosion of the soil occurs. |
|a. |I and II only |d. |I, II, III, and IV |
|b. |I, III, and IV only |e. |I, II, and III |
|c. |II, III, and IV only | |
____ 101. Desertification is defined as
|a. |the loss of peat moss due to soil erosion through the loss of plants. |
|b. |creating a desert through the addition of cacti to the environment. |
|c. |a change in climate producing desertlike conditions. |
|d. |the loss of topsoil through erosion after the removal of plants. |
|e. |the gathering of firewood. |
____ 102. Ethanol is a potential fuel source that
|a. |comes from plants such as corn. |
|b. |is produced through the process of fermentation. |
|c. |could be burned instead of an oil. |
|d. |all of the above |
|e. |a and c only |
____ 103. Plant fibres are mainly composed of
|a. |cellulose. |d. |fossil fuel. |
|b. |the bark of a tree. |e. |pith tissue. |
|c. |chlorophyll. | |
____ 104. The main difference between cotton and flax fibres is
|a. |cotton fibres are made up of cellulose, and flax are made up of chlorophyll. |
|b. |cotton fibres come from the seeds of the plant, and flax comes from the leaves. |
|c. |cotton fibres come from the seeds of the plant, and flax comes from the stem. |
|d. |cotton is used in fabrics, while flax is used for paper only. |
|e. |c and d only |
____ 105. As a furniture maker, which part of the palm plant must be processed to make rattan furniture?
|a. |stem |d. |bark |
|b. |leaves |e. |inner part of the stem |
|c. |seeds | |
____ 106. Why is hemp not currently used for the production of fibres?
|a. |It can produce the psychoactive drug THC. |
|b. |It requires a large quantity of expensive fertilizer in order to grow. |
|c. |It relies on low-cost processing technologies that are not available in Ontario. |
|d. |It is hard to grow. |
|e. |a, b, c only |
____ 107. Which of the following is not a wood product?
|a. |hemp |d. |veneer |
|b. |plywood |e. |fibreboard |
|c. |chipboard | |
____ 108. Why have forest regeneration projects not been successful?
|a. |Canadians assume our forests have too many trees and losing a few would not harm the forests. |
|b. |Little forest management has been practised until recently, so many species of trees have already been depleted. |
|c. |Long-term decreased soil fertility and poor harvesting and planting techniques are producing fewer trees. |
|d. |all of the above |
|e. |b and c only |
____ 109. Which plant is used to make the drug codeine?
|a. |foxglove |d. |yam |
|b. |periwinkle |e. |willow |
|c. |opium poppy | |
____ 110. The medicinal value of plants is due to chemicals found in
|a. |leaves. |d. |seeds. |
|b. |tree bark. |e. |all of the above. |
|c. |flowers. | |
____ 111. Many plants store chemicals such as codeine, morphine, and aspirin in their leaves, stems, roots, and seeds. These chemicals have medicinal value for us, but what is the advantage for the plant in storing these chemicals?
|a. |The chemicals prevent the plant parts from freezing when the temperature decreases. |
|b. |The chemicals attract insects to the plants for pollination. |
|c. |The chemicals are waste products and are of little value to the plant. |
|d. |The chemicals help the plants fight off diseases. |
|e. |The chemicals help protect the plants from organisms that may eat them as the chemicals deter these organisms. |
____ 112. Which plant is used to treat heart disorders?
|a. |opium poppy |d. |willow |
|b. |foxglove |e. |belladonna |
|c. |periwinkle | |
____ 113. Which plant product is used in making hoses, tires, and chewing gum?
|a. |rubber |d. |waxes |
|b. |resins |e. |a and d |
|c. |tannins | |
____ 114. Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning herbal remedies?
|a. |Herbal remedies are plant medicines. |
|b. |Echinacea and gingko are examples of herbal medicines. |
|c. |Herbal remedies undergo scientific testing for safety and effectiveness. |
|d. |Herbal remedies are mostly harmless. |
|e. |Herbal remedies are natural products. |
____ 115. Which chemical product is contained in cosmetics and perfumes?
|a. |dyes |d. |tannins |
|b. |latex products |e. |essential oils |
|c. |resins | |
____ 116. All of the following represent nonmedicinal chemical plant products except:
|a. |dyes |d. |atropines |
|b. |resins |e. |tannins |
|c. |waxes | |
____ 117. Which of the following does not belong?
|a. |digitoxin |d. |nicotine |
|b. |quinine |e. |codeine |
|c. |aspirin | |
____ 118. Pesticides stay in the body of an individual because
|a. |they are stored in the muscles. |
|b. |they are soluble in water and are only released when excreted from the body. |
|c. |they are soluble in fat , accumulate in fatty tissue, and are not excreted. |
|d. |they are soluble in fat and accumulate in the muscles. |
|e. |they multiply in fatty tissue. |
____ 119. A water soluble pesticide would have less effect on organisms higher up the food chain because
|a. |the pesticide does not persist in the environment for a long time. |
|b. |the pesticide acts quickly so it does not build up in the environment. |
|c. |the pesticide only accumulates in the body of the pest. |
|d. |the pesticide does not accumulate in the bodies of organisms in the food chain. |
|e. |the pesticide is only strong for a short period of time. |
Use the chart below to answer the following questions.
|Table 1: |
|Pesticides Used on Surveyed Crops in Ontario 1998 (Tonnes of Active Ingredient) |
|Crop |Herbicides |Insecticides |Fungicides |Nematocides |Pest growth |Total |
| | | | | |regulators |pesticides |
|field corn |1982.9 |8.1 |- |- |0.2 |1991.2 |
|soybeans |1274.6 |5.0 |0.2 |8.2 |- |1288.0 |
|grains |356.6 |- |2.1 |- |- |358.7 |
|tobacco |7.7 |31.9 |8.9 |262.4 |201.1 |512.0 |
|canola |12.3 |0.1 |- |- |- |12.4 |
|fruits |13.7 |70.1 |459.2 |- |0.1 |543.1 |
|vegetables |124.0 |33.3 |153.6 |20.4 |- |331.3 |
|other |147.4 |4.5 |25.7 |- |- |177.6 |
|total |3919.2 |153.0 |649.7 |291.0 |201.4 |5214.3 |
____ 120. Which of the following plants are most susceptible to insects?
|a. |tobacco |d. |corn |
|b. |fruit |e. |soybeans |
|c. |vegetables | |
____ 121. Which plant requires the largest application of pesticides and herbicides?
|a. |tobacco |d. |corn |
|b. |fruit |e. |soybeans |
|c. |vegetables | |
____ 122. After DDT had been used for a period of time
|a. |it began to accumulate in the bodies of all of the organisms in the area. |
|b. |it killed all of the pests it was used on. |
|c. |it did not persist in the area, so it had no effects on the organisms. |
|d. |it had a positive effect on some organisms such as the mosquitos that cause malaria. |
|e. |a and d only |
____ 123. DDT was first used as a pesticide because
|a. |it was economical to produce and apply. |
|b. |it increased crop yields. |
|c. |it saved millions of human lives by controlling caterpillar populations that were destroying food crops. |
|d. |all of the above |
|e. |a and b only |
____ 124. What do the letters IPM stand for?
|a. |independent pest management |d. |integrated pest management |
|b. |independent pest monitoring |e. |integrated pest monitoring |
|c. |integrated pest manager | |
____ 125. Biological magnification is best described as
|a. |the buildup of persistent chemicals in the body during a lifetime. |
|b. |fat soluble chemicals that are not excreted. |
|c. |the buildup of levels of persistent chemicals as they get passed along the food chain. |
|d. |the increasing concentration of chemicals as they get passed along the food chain. |
|e. |the multiplication of the level of chemicals in the body. |
____ 126. Bioaccumulation is best described as
|a. |the buildup of persistent chemicals in the body during a lifetime. |
|b. |fat soluble chemicals that are not excreted. |
|c. |the buildup of levels of persistent chemicals as they get passed along the food chain. |
|d. |the increasing concentration of chemicals as they get passed along the food chain. |
|e. |the multiplication of the level of chemicals in the body. |
____ 127. Which of the following represents ways to avoid excessive use of pesticides?
1. using chemicals that do not persist in the environment
2. selectively breeding plants that are resistant to pests
3. genetically modifying plants to be resistant to pests
4. growing organic plants
5. applying pesticides once a year
|a. |1, 2, 3, and 5 |d. |1, 2, 3, and 4 |
|b. |1, 2, 4, and 5 |e. |1, 3, 4, and 5 |
|c. |1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 | |
____ 128. Which of the following may reduce the amount of land fit for growing crops?
|I |climate change |
|II |desertification |
|III |use of fertilizers |
|IV |salinization |
|V |global warming |
|a. |I, II, III, IV, and V |d. |I, II, IV, and V |
|b. |I, III, IV, and V |e. |I, II, III, and IV |
|c. |II, III, IV, and V | |
____ 129. Maintaining a variety of plants is important
|a. |for the development of new forests. |
|b. |to protect the soil from erosion. |
|c. |for the development of new food crops. |
|d. |for preventing the process of salinization. |
|e. |for preventing climate changes. |
____ 130. Salinization is
|a. |the process of cultivating the soil to bring salts to the surface. |
|b. |the process of producing a saltless soil. |
|c. |the process in which salts in the ground water come to the surface of the soil. |
|d. |the process of irrigating the soil with ground water to water the crops. |
|e. |the process by which the soil erodes because of the removal of minerals such as salt. |
____ 131. Why are new varieties of nitrogen-fixing plants so eagerly sought?
|a. |They produce large quantities of seeds rich in proteins. |
|b. |They are less expensive to grow since they require less nitrogen fertilizers. |
|c. |The plants can be stored without refrigeration for up to a year. |
|d. |They can be grown in saltwater ponds, and they produce more proteins than soybeans. |
|e. |They produce a high quality natural rubber. |
____ 132. Why has there been a renewed interest in cultivating amaranthus plants?
|a. |They produce large quantities of seeds rich in proteins. |
|b. |They are less expensive to grow since they require less nitrogen fertilizers. |
|c. |The plants can be stored without refrigeration for up to a year. |
|d. |They can be grown in saltwater ponds, and they produce more proteins than soybeans. |
|e. |They produce a high quality natural rubber. |
____ 133. What is limiting the availability of more land for the cultivation of crops?
|a. |Most of the land suitable for cultivation is already being used. |
|b. |The erosion of the soil due to climate changes is reducing the amount of soil available. |
|c. |Limited freshwater resources for irrigating the crops is limiting the amount of land available. |
|d. |a and b only |
|e. |all of the above |
____ 134. Halophytes are
|a. |animals that live in the desert. |
|b. |plants that grow in the tropical rain forests. |
|c. |plants that grow in deserts and salt marshes. |
|d. |fish that live in salt water. |
|e. |animals that can accumulate salt in their cells. |
SBI3U1 – ABBEY PARK PRACTICE TESTS
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE
UNIT: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
1 |B |2 |A |3 |D |4 |C |5 |E | |6 |B |7 |B |8 |C |9 |C |10 |B | |11 |D |12 |C |13 |E |14 |D |15 |B | |16 |D |17 |B |18 |C |19 |C |20 |D | |21 |A |22 |D |23 |B |24 |A |25 |E | |26 |C |27 |D |28 |D |29 |B |30 |A | |31 |A |32 |E |33 |B |34 |A |34 |A | |36 |B |37 |E |38 |C |39 |B |40 |D | |41 |B |42 |E |43 |B |44 |D |45 |D | |46 |E |47 |D |48 |A |49 |D |50 |D | |51 |C |52 |D |53 |C |54 |B |55 |A | |56 |A |57 |D |58 |C |59 |D |60 |A | |61 |E |62 |E |63 |B |64 |D |65 |B | |66 |D |67 |D |68 |B |69 |B |70 |B | |71 |B |72 |C |73 |B |74 |C |75 |D | |76 |E |77 |C |78 |B |79 |A |80 |C | |81 |D |82 |E |83 |C |84 |C |85 |B | |86 |D |87 |D |88 |E |89 |A |90 |B | |91 |A |92 |B |93 |B |94 |D |95 |D | |96 |A |97 |D |98 |D |99 |D |100 |B | |101 |E |102 |D |103 |B |104 |D |105 |A | |105 |C |107 |C |108 |B |109 |B |110 |B | |111 |D |112 |C |113 |D |114 |B |115 |D | |116 |C |117 |E |118 |D |119 |C |120 |D | |
SBI3U1 – ABBEY PARK PRACTICE TESTS
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE
UNIT: GENETICS
1 |A |2 |D |3 |C |4 |E |5 |D | |6 |E |7 |B |8 |A |9 |A |10 |C | |11 |B |12 |E |13 |D |14 |D |15 |A | |16 |D |17 |B |18 |E |19 |D |20 |E | |21 |E |22 |A |23 |B |24 |D |25 |A | |26 |D |27 |A |28 |E |29 |C |30 |C | |31 |A |32 |D |33 |B |34 |C |34 |B | |36 |C |37 |A |38 |E |39 |A |40 |C | |41 |E |42 |B |43 |B |44 |A |45 |E | |46 |B |47 |A |48 |D |49 |B |50 |C | |51 |A |52 |A |53 |A |54 |B |55 |D | |56 |D |57 |D |58 |A |59 |D |60 |B | |61 |D |62 |D |63 |B |64 |D |65 |E | |66 |A |67 |B |68 |B |69 |C |70 |A | |71 |A |72 |E |73 |B |74 |C |75 |D | |76 |A |77 |A |78 |C |79 |D |80 |D | |81 |D |82 |C |83 |E |84 |C |85 |D | |86 |A |87 |C |88 |B |89 |A |90 |D | |91 |D |92 |D |93 |E |94 |D |95 |A | |96 |D |97 |A |98 |E |99 |E |100 |C | |101 |E |102 |D |103 |C | | | | | |
SBI3U1 – ABBEY PARK PRACTICE TESTS
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE
UNIT: INTERNAL SYSTEMS
1 |D |2 |B |3 |D |4 |C |5 |C | |6 |B |7 |E |8 |A |9 |C |10 |A | |11 |D |12 |C |13 |D |14 |C |15 |D | |16 |B |17 |C |18 |E |19 |C |20 |B | |21 |D |22 |B |23 |E |24 |E |25 |D | |26 |D |27 |D |28 |E |29 |D |30 |D | |31 |C |32 |C |33 |B |34 |D |34 |E | |36 |B |37 |E |38 |C |39 |C |40 |D | |41 |C |42 |E |43 |C |44 |D |45 |B | |46 |E |47 |D |48 |E |49 |A |50 |D | |51 |E |52 |A |53 |E |54 |D |55 |D | |56 |D |57 |D |58 |E |59 |D |60 |A | |61 |D |62 |B |63 |D |64 |E |65 |A | |66 |C |67 |B |68 |E |69 |B |70 |B | |71 |A |72 |C |73 |A |74 |E |75 |D | |76 |C |77 |D |78 |D |79 |E |80 |B | |81 |B |82 |C |83 |B |84 |B |85 |A | |86 |D |87 |D |88 |E |89 |A |90 |C | |91 |C |92 |D |93 |E |94 |D |95 |E | |96 |D |97 |D |98 |D |99 |B |100 |A | |101 |D |102 |A |103 |B |104 |D |105 |E | |105 |C |107 |C |108 |E |109 |D |110 |B | |111 |E |112 |A |113 |D |114 |D |115 |E | |116 |B |117 |C |118 |A |119 |B |120 |E | |121 |B | | | | | | | | | |
SBI3U1 – ABBEY PARK PRACTICE TESTS
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE
UNIT: DIVERSITY
1 |C |2 |B |3 |D |4 |E |5 |A | |6 |E |7 |A |8 |D |9 |B |10 |B | |11 |E |12 |C |13 |D |14 |D |15 |B | |16 |A |17 |B |18 |A |19 |D |20 |E | |21 |A |22 |A |23 |B |24 |E |25 |A | |26 |C |27 |D |28 |C |29 |B |30 |D | |31 |C |32 |E |33 |A |34 |D |34 |A | |36 |A |37 |C |38 |D |39 |E |40 |B | |41 |E |42 |A |43 |D |44 |B |45 |A | |46 |B |47 |C |48 |D |49 |E |50 |A | |51 |B |52 |C |53 |D |54 |E |55 |C | |56 |D |57 |A |58 |B |59 |E |60 |E | |61 |E |62 |C |63 |D |64 |B |65 |E | |66 |D |67 |C |68 |D |69 |A |70 |C | |71 |A |72 |C |73 |A |74 |C |75 |D | |76 |B |77 |C |78 |C |79 |E |80 |D | |81 |A |82 |B |83 |D |84 |E |85 |B | |86 |C |87 |E |88 |C |89 |D |90 |B | |91 |C |92 |C |93 |C |94 |C |95 |A | |96 |C |97 |C |98 |B |99 |D |100 |C | |101 |A |102 |C |103 |C |104 |D |105 |B | |105 |D |107 |D |108 |B |109 |C |110 |C | |111 |E |112 |D |113 |D |114 |B |115 |C | |116 |A |117 |D |118 |D |119 |E | | | |
SBI3U1 – ABBEY PARK PRACTICE TESTS
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE
UNIT: PLANTS: ANATOMY, GROWTH, AND FUNCTIONS
1 |B |2 |C |3 |C |4 |D |5 |D | |6 |A |7 |A |8 |D |9 |D |10 |A | |11 |B |12 |E |13 |B |14 |C |15 |D | |16 |E |17 |A |18 |B |19 |C |20 |A | |21 |B |22 |C |23 |D |24 |B |25 |D | |26 |E |27 |A |28 |B |29 |D |30 |C | |31 |A |32 |D |33 |B |34 |B |34 |E | |36 |A |37 |D |38 |A |39 |D |40 |E | |41 |A |42 |C |43 |E |44 |D |45 |B | |46 |A |47 |C |48 |B |49 |B |50 |D | |51 |A |52 |C |53 |C |54 |B |55 |A | |56 |B |57 |E |58 |A |59 |C |60 |A | |61 |B |62 |A |63 |E |64 |D |65 |B | |66 |A |67 |C |68 |A |69 |B |70 |A | |71 |D |72 |B |73 |A |74 |B |75 |B | |76 |E |77 |C |78 |C |79 |E |80 |B | |81 |C |82 |E |83 |B |84 |A |85 |E | |86 |C |87 |A |88 |D |89 |B |90 |D | |91 |A |92 |A |93 |E |94 |D |95 |E | |96 |D |97 |E |98 |D |99 |A |100 |B | |101 |D |102 |D |103 |A |104 |C |105 |A | |105 |D |107 |D |108 |D |109 |C |110 |E | |111 |E |112 |B |113 |A |114 |C |115 |E | |116 |D |117 |D |118 |C |119 |D |120 |B | |121 |D |122 |A |123 |E |124 |D |125 |C | |126 |A |127 |A |128 |D |129 |C |130 |C | |131 |B |132 |A |133 |E |134 |C | | | |
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