Su 6 - MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
Su 6 - MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A schemata is similar to:
a) a future plan
b) cognitive congruence
c) a cognitive image
d) reaction formation
e) self-awareness.
2. Which South African developed multimodal behavioural therapy?
a) Lazarus
b) Kelly
c) Chomsky
d) Miller
e) Festinger
3. People often think in terms of “rich” and “poor”. Which corollary explains this phenomenon?
a) the organisation corollary
b) the dichotomy corollary
c) the range corollary
d) the modulation corollary
e) the fragmentation corollary.
4. The C-P-C cycle refers to:
a) the use of social corollaries
b) testing the validity of current constructs
c) a series of cognitive therapy
d) cognitive dissonance
e) all of the above.
5. The concept of cognitive dissonance was developed by:
a) Piaget
b) Chomsky
c) Kelly
d) Maslow
e) Festinger.
6. The cognitive perspectives differ from the psychoanalytical perspectives in terms of:
a) the amount of control people have over life events
b) the influence of the unconscious
c) the impact of past experiences on behaviour
d) the structure of personality
e) all of the above.
7. According to the cognitive perspective, motivation is based on:
a) the interpretation of current events to predict the future
b) obtaining rewards and preventing punishment
c) the interpretation of past events to determine their influence on current behaviour
d) drive reduction
e) factors of which the person is not aware.
8. A __________ construct is receptive to change.
a) preverbal
b) submerged
c) permeable
d) self
e) pre-emptive
9. According to the principles of rational emotive therapy:
a) the poor economy will make anybody depressed
b) depression is the result of how people perceive situations
c) depression can be caused by any negative situation
d) depression is caused by factors of which people are unconscious
e) b and d.
10. The cognitive perspective explains guilt as the consequence of:
a) not being able to construe the future
b) not being able to master new experiences
c) an attempt to hold on to an invalid construct
d) the self being perceived as dislodged from the core self
e) widespread changes in the core role.
Answers:
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. b
5. e
6. e
7. a
8. c
9. b
10. b
QUICK SELF-ASSESSMENT
1. What are the question(s) that cognitive psychology attempts to address?
2. Why does Kelly state that all people are “scientists”?
3. What is a cognitive schema?
4. Which construct is more likely to change: a core construct or a peripheral construct?
5. According to Kelly, what motivates people?
6. Why is the Equity Theory of motivation perceived as a cognitive theory?
7. What kind of constructs do small children develop in early life?
8. People sometimes change their perceptions on the spot to suit themselves. For example, Matthew might believe camping is “boring”, but then decide it will be “interesting” when he adds “meeting new people” to the construct. What does Kelly call this phenomenon?
9. What is the fundamental postulate in cognitive construction?
10. Which corollary is evident in constructs that are based on two opposite poles, such as “hardworking” and “lazy”?
11. What is the implication of the individuality corollary?
12. Which corollary implies that people also develop constructs of the construction processes of other people?
13. How does Kelly explain the development of personality?
14. Which processes explain the development of constructs in children?
15. Which test, developed by Kelly, can be used to examine the constructs people develop?
16. Which cycle do well-adjusted individuals use to test their personal constructs?
17. How is love explained in cognitive terms?
18. What is the aim of cognitive therapy?
19. What description does Kelly use to describe the “self”?
20. John’s construct for ballet is “boring” and “for girls”, but now a very nice girl has asked him to accompany her to a ballet performance. What is the cognitive discomfort that John is due to experience called?
Answers:
1. How do people acquire, store, use and represent knowledge?
2. People try to predict and control their environment by developing and testing hypotheses.
3. a unique way in which a person perceives the world, or a process through which
information about the self, other people and situations is organised and
interpreted
4. peripheral
5. the interpretation of information and the prediction of future events
6. It explains how people process information in the workplace to decide whether they have been treated fairly in comparison to others.
7. preverbal constructs
8. constructive alternativism
9. All human behaviour is aimed at predicting events.
10. the dichotomy corollary
11. People construct events in different ways.
12. the sociality corollary
13. Personality is formed by the constructs that people develop throughout their life.
14. assimilation and accommodation
15. the Role Construct Repertory Test
16. the C-P-C (circumspection, pre-emption and control/choice) cycle
17. Love is a reaction to someone who has already been assimilated (incorporated
into existing schemas) and who strongly supports one’s idea of self (one’s core
construct).
18. to help people reconstruct irrational thoughts and build constructs that better
predict the future
19. the core construct
20. cognitive dissonance
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