MAKING WAR ON THE DEADLIEST

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THE SUN, SUNDAY, MAY 25, 1913.

MAKING WAR ON "THE DEADLIEST ANIMAL ALIVE"

How House Fly. Danger-

Typhoid Fever and In-

ous Foe toGood Health,

fantile Diarrhoea Can

Breeds and 1 low It Can

Never . Be Wiped Out

Be Destroyed

Until Insect Is Con-

trolled

r Mil: fly n.is been indicted nm1

Icnnv 'e. of playing m mint nunc put In ihi- spread of

destructive way in the open if, tin

thoughtful householder tins still nn"te --

tvplio.d fever mid other

way of overcoming the menace ti h..

Hi iiik been denounced us "tin'

family. The tiles are especially dan .

deadliest animal alive. ' nn'il at liH door

ou when they su.irni about the ho'i-.- '

hi been laid .in aiaiinlng amount of.

gather on the bahy's bottle, fe.is' ,

sickness. I niU-- t so well recognized la

the Hps of sleeping children or stitr ij

the part played b this Insect In the

their filth on the dishes In the kltrh. .

spread of ).

that tin- war un ty

on the fond In the dining room If

phoid fever and Infantile dlarrlurn Ik In

be kept In the house tli. ,v .

large part n combat against tho fly.

much less dangeroti" to he.iitn n, i

These diseases, nnrl others like them,

ran never b viped out, or oven re-

duced, until we hae controlled the In-

much less a menace to physical ton fort, This can be donei by carefn screening all windows and d i .

fects that spread them.

Where the expense of regular

The specifications of the Indictment ngalnst the Hy are numerous 111.' guilt la beyond quetlnn. In the first place, where no precaution? are taken the tly Is cvcrywheio to bo found lie swarms In the stable nnd pesters th cattle In the pastille, ho buzzes about the out- houses nnd llle In th" pirlor window. 11c Is to be found In the woods, by the streams, In the dairy, on the table, (if, nn Inqiilslive nature nnd a ravenous appetite, he M a roving pirate who

knows no port.

Nor Is thl nil. Th fly's feet are cov-

ered with small pads, so small. In fact, ns to be Invisible to the nakfd eye.

These pnd he uses to affix hlm-e- lf to

the surface of nnv unstable, object, to walk on the i eliinc or to pmmenade on

the wall. Moreoer, thee pads are cov-

ered with a sticky substance that adheres to whatever they touch. When

the fly moves be carries with him n small pai' of any soft surface on which he has been standing. This he deposits

screens cannot be met screons m.iv

constructed

I

by

purchasing

the wire

tn

ting and fitting It directly to the s.ishr-Wher- e

this cannot be done a fair istltute may bo h.id In the cheap ; ,mj

mosquito netting. With care such nn. ting over the windows will last a s.f ann

Screen doors should be constructed In

(eveiy Instance and should lie s ippi!,

with springs to keep them closed

' It Is especially Important to screen

J from files the dining room, the kitchen. the pantry, th" nursery and the s1

room. These are the places where tl'es

may do their dread work In the ni st

disastrous manner (

If they are Kept

i from these rooms there is nt leift a rein- -

tlve degree of protection against dis-

ease.. Above all else flics should be kept

from food nnd from milk.

Poison also works well. An excellent ngent of death can bo prepared Lv filling a soup plate or saucer wPh i water and adding a spoonful of forma lin and a little milk or molasses. An-- ,

on the next surface ho touches. It, for

other good poison is one dram of b-

Instance he has been featlng In the

ichromate of potash dissolved In two

stable and files to the dining room, he j will carry on his fee: the refuse which

attached itself to hl feet and will de

r;wB,

ounces of water and sweetened wpb

i

sugar. Neither of these poisons should i be used, however, where there are young

' children who might drink the contents

posit this on the butter on the table.

i of the dishes.

In large measure the eat-- with which

Insect powder has Its advantage

the fly breed make.' him the menace he Is. During a slncle season the female fly will l.i v manv thousand eggs. She

preferes manure and where possible will

as a veapon of war. It can be purchased nt all stores and can be spraved nbjut the room with a simple "blower." it win stun tne nies, who can be swept up from the Moor and killed in great

lay her eggs In horse manure, but she

numbers. Tyrethnim pow'der Is one of

will lay them In any decaying animal or

the best that can be used for this pur-

vegetable matter. These epps are gene, rally In ciiimps of more than a hundred and In .1 few days etch egg develops Into a Ian a which In turn soon becomes

pose. Another homely way of ridding a

room of files is to darken It, except for a single ray of llsht at n window. Th files will come to the light and inn

n maggot From the maggot the grow,

be driven out or killed.

lng fly l transformed Into a pupa, which

Fly paper, however, Is one of tl

lapldly becomes the winged pest. Gene-rallabout ten days elapse between the

laying of the egg ami the hitching of the full grown tly, but this may be

by warm weather or lengthened by a cool spell.

cheapest and best means of trappl1 u the enemy. The commercial fiv paper serves the purpose well, but u die substitute can be made that will 1. found equally good. This can be pri pared by boiling two pounds of ie.. In n pint of castor oil until the res n

The average fly Is probably short lived, but he bleed m easily and so rapidly that he multiplies at a most alarming tate. Twelvo generations of

Is dissolved. The prejnratlon mav b put away until needed and can applied with a brush to sheets of heavj paper. This is very cheap and h.i been found satisfactory.

files are propagated In a single summer

In the campaign against the fly th.

In A climate like that of Virginia. As

.sentiment has become so strong th i'

each fly lav l:'0 eegs In a batch, the

conceivable progeny of a single fly ts a number almost Immeasurably great. It has been reasonably estimated that eaih

armies me enlisted to "swat" the fiv These hosts of sanitation base their activities on two facts, that the tl' carries disease and that the breeding of tiles call be prevented. CYir.fideii'

pair of flies surviving the winter are

of these truths, the volunteers have

the .inccotrrs of s.nnrt.nftfi living files, during t ie summrr.

The fly nuisance depends upon the '

constant breeding of the pent. If this

waged incessant war with most inspiring results.

While the chronicle of these r.inv paidi1 has not been written In flowing iambics bv some twentieth ccnturv

bo prevented, the tly as a carrier of ills'.

Homer, and while the details nay not

ease can be removed The chief cam-pale- n

always be pleasant readimj, thr results

against the fly Is, therefore, a warfare to prevent Its breeding. The

man who removes the breeding plnces

of flies ear y in the season ptoteets him-rl- f against an army of future Invaders,

have been, of prime Impottaiice. In Wler, Kan., for example, the Hoy Scouts carried on war during the Minimer 1911 with splendid success. They divided tho city Into districts and assigned each district to n corps. On a

the man who prevents Hies from breed.

glxeti day they made a piellniinary

lng later In tne year at least Insures himself agii'nst an Increase In the nuin- -

ber of the pest. In doing this one must remember the

fundamental facts about the breeding place of fllffc; thry breed In any decay

ing vegetable or animal matter, and they breed best in manure. They will not lined In watrr, but they breed freelv In enrhnti,. rnMlnr- - ivuutn

the kitchen, in decalng hay, even In moist paper waste. Not until these breeding places me removed can one hope, to keep th" Mis from multiplying.

In the city It should not be partlcu-larl- y

difficult to prevent the Inciease of

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Copyright, 1 1 3. by the Sun Printing

and Publishing ,urlatlon.

Fighting the Fly A Series of Moving Pictures by "The Sun's" Cartoonist

4. The premises should be kept scrupulously clean and lime should be scattered In all damp placn.

If th'sn steps are taken the house. Home tiles will of course breed In spile taken to reduce their number at the number of Hies but an added degree of holder will find that the number of nie of him and on tho nverage farm many beginning of the tly season means not comfort later In the year, on the premises l materially nduced tlUs may breed, but every precaution only an Immediate reduction In the' Uvcix whero tiles breed and wink their

teconnolsancc, and when the battle opened they proceeded to clean ip the town In n day. Then they ci instructed fly traps, distributed w.'re "tlv bats" nmong the citizens and before the end of the season boasted that We r was the cleanest city In the I'nt'ed States.

The experience of other cities bn

pointed out how a campaign against t'm fly can bo made must successful. Tr. following general outline, based on concrete results, will he of assistance

First, the city must decldfl whether ' will have a campaign of disinfection, of cleaning or of "lly swatting." The experience of Wilmington would IndlnM that the first named method can ' made very effective, but It Is best suited

the tly. Personal comfoit during hot

to thoso cities and towns where the in-

weather demands a, irasonahle degree

e. Argentine Republic Government Fighting the Beef Trust Methods of cleanliness, which with a small

pendlture of time and uietcy will suffice to rid the city of rtli s. A few tilings

fr must constantly bo watched and the

TIIK following rules should bo strictly ob-

served :

1, All stable waste shouli bi. removed at least twice a Week. No manure or

ll.v I'. T. MllllMIKTri,

beef tifist saw several years the time coming when a

reduction or tepeal of tllf duty on beef impoi tutlons

would play havoc with Its In tills country. The men

damp decaying stiaw should be left, who contiol the destinlm of the beef

tho stable should be abs ilutely clean. trust ate very practical, They asked

If It Is Impracticable to lemrive the themselves where would the people go

waste It should lie freely sprinkled for beef In the event of fieo trade?

with lime and kept in a large closed box or burled. It Is far better, how-eve- r,

to remove tho waste, altogether.

The answer wus, obilously, Argentina, the greatest cattle country In the world, with a surplus of be..f to supply tho world's tables. Tho natural thing for

Kerosene, should be poured in all drains such practical men to endeavor to do

that cannot be cleaned.

was to control the output of Argentine

2. All garbage should be kept In closed cans which should bo rmnoveri from the permis's thtee times a week, This

bef If that were possible, Ho It was

not long before htef trust capital .anil beef trust methods found n firm footing In Buenos Ayrcs,

accomplishes a doul,! purpose, Not In the course of time the American

only mil a tightly closed garbage, can

ny remove, a favorite haunt of (Ilea but It

will lessen thulr food supply, A fly can be kllirrl by statvatlon as surely as by

beef trust was as well known nnd as much berated In Atgentlnn as In the 1 'lilted States. Now comes the word that tho Argentine fin eminent Is tak ing measures to oppoto the monopoly,

flypaper Tl garbage can used should If It succeeds theie's still a chance for

be of nut. i'. water tight and with a closely rltting loti, The lop should always be kept on the cm. A leaking can

cheap beef In the Tnlied States, The writer was In Atgentlnn for an

extended Vlfclt H year ago. While there he had occasion to learn of the post-lio- n

Is an unmitigated ti'i.siuue.

and method. of the American meat

Tji ft yard should b

rreu-larl- y

nnd no waste should he allow m to

,,. Accumulate, riles Hill l.r,.,i , n,,,

tato peellnBs, the wade paper mid the

Interesls In tude of the

AthregenretpinuebliOc oiaenmd nitehnet

altinnd

people Inward tjlelll. Here Is the result

of his study and observation:

The antagonistic sentiment provoked

usual Utter of a yard, These

removed before the egs u,

must

bo

by the American spread among the

beef trust is wide, people of Aigentlna,

trl by the tltes can hatch, In addition the

ah tuucul ahould carefully be watched.

but It is felt particularly by stock raisers and meat packers, who repre.

nt one of the most flourishing of

Argentine industries, In which the

whole. riHtlnn Is Interested

The chief meat packing plants of Argentina are the Hansinena Company (Argentine!, l,a lilanca (Armour, Amer-

ican), La Ncgra (Argentine), Las Vi-

lnius Produce Company (Argentine), the

Armour de la Plata ( Armour, American),

the Argentine (Argentine), l,a Plata Cold Storage Company (Swift. Ameri-

can), the Illvei Plate Kresh .Meat Com-

pany (Kngllsh-Argentlne-

i,

.luan Trou-co-

A HIJo (Argentine), the Smith-fiel- d

& Argentine Company (Kligllsh).

The packing Idants controlled by the

Armour-Swi- ft

Interests, or tho meat

trust, as they are commonly desig-

nated In Argentina, are by far llu

largest, with the exception of the San-slnen- a

plant, owned by n powerful Ar-

gentine company, the general manager

of whloh Is an American who has long

resided In Argentina.

The Sanslnena Company has all along

refused to consider tho nilvnnces made

by the American meat trust, and ha.i

opposed nt the name time all Us at-

tempts to monopolize the meat Industry

of Argentina, This company was com-pelle- d

to organize Its ow n selling forces

and establish special butcher shops In

England, In order to market Its meal

there, as the hi of trust had previously

contracted with almost every KiirIMi

dealer for the exclusive sale of Its own

products. In Huenos Ayrcs 1 was

that the efforts of the meat trust

to establish a practical monopoly had

failed, but that the trust had njready

obtained the contHd of two Kngllsh com

panics, mentioned In the above list

Tin actions of the input trust In Argentina nr of the greatrst Inkiest to Americans, lew on account of tho hos-- ,

.

tile sentiment they have awakened than because of tho manner In which they may affect In the future the American consumer.

.Meat e.sporti from the Pulled State have become almost Insignificant and the pike of meat has so Increased that the opinion Is general that tho duty on meat should b taken off and cheaper meat Imported to relieve the situation, at t In the crowded centres of the K.ist, where (ho high price of meat causes sulleiing. Hut even if the duty on meat should be repealed, It will be Impossible to Import cheaper meat If tho greatest meat producing market of the world, and the only one that could supply the American demand, should bo controlled absolutely by the samu Interest!) that" control the American market,

In a conversation I had with the present Argentine .Minister of Agriculture, Adolfo Miijlra, this gentleman did not tiy to disguise the feeling of appre-hctisk- m

produced In tovernment circles by the manieuvres of American p.ickers, He expiessed the opinion, however, that the Argentine Congress would be able to frustrate the designs of the American trust. The majority if Deputies and Senator being landholders nnd stock ralsera, they were thoroughly alarmed, he said, and would not be slow In dictating such legislative mcasuieri as would Insure the protection of tho country's best Interests.

The Minister of Public Works of the Province of Huenos Ayres told me at this time that he attributed to the manipulation of the American trust the gradual and steady decrease in the price of Argentine meat In London, which In the last twelve months had decreased 60

per cent., while the packing plants In Argentina owned by tho trust were pay-

In the producing tactics.

market. Is part of their

ing the hlgheit price ever paid for cat- Tim English Government, the Minister

tle.

Informed me, ha.s been on Its guard

This, he asserted, was the first stra- for the la.t four veam ncMnut tliU

tegic move In the campaign Initiated In order to establish the trust In Argentina. Here Is how he explained some of Its plana;

Klmt an effort is made to entice all competitors Into a combination by promising; epeclal concessions and offering other advantageous proposals.

If thla falla the trust then resorts to hostilities In order to ruin Its competitors and forco them to capltulato or liquidate.

Prices of the meat sold ate reduced to the minimum necessary to make Impossible the existence of rival packers, The trust obtains by this course two ends first, It drives to the wall the other ahlppera of meat; second, gains for Itself the good will of tho buying

public.

i

North American conspiracy, having ap

pointed report

a on

committee to study tho meat situation.

and This

committee nfter cateful Investigation

reported that In effect n plan to mo-

nopolize tho meat Industry of Argentina

was being carried out by the North

American beef trust but that nothing

could be done In Argentine trust whs

until the dentally consti-

tuted mid started to work,

According to recent despatches time has already arrived. From

this

Due-no- s

fgutinruerulenlssytttiA.hnIoyentroTtcoshhGeotoocphpovCeopmeoorquesnoesnumfceitselhtnpteiho.troeenfnveIMesnwnAtistnmitanaintskeghtrieunierctgasasprntelwchyumolial-etldblanAae-sgr-et-oafn

Wy this duplicity the trust succeeds In stifling all competition. It obtains the control of the market which It Is about to squeeze and It wins a favorable acceptance of Its operations by thoso who later will be submitted to the ex-

unfavorable to the. Argentlno market.

The ably

newspapers conipient upon tho combination,

Argentine Ilural meeting of cattle

Society has breeders for

unfavorand the called a the pur-

tortions of a monopoly.

pose, of protesting Hgalnst an American

In the case of the effort to secure con- monopoly. The Minister of Agricul-

trol of the Argentine parking plants nnd ture has Invited the. managers of the

therefore of the cattle raising Industry the plan Is more complicated and Is cur-

American refrigerating a declaration of their

plants to make intentions.

ried out with the subtlety nnd tact pp. cullar to these American organizers of

From London comes tliii F.nglUh companies

tho news that ure dissatisfied

International monopolies who work In

widely varying markets and must there-

fore seek to prevent any resistance lull the suspicions they awaken,

and

To sell greatest

meat at consuming

cheap prices in market, while

the

con-

tinuing to pay hisrh prices for cattle

with been

the way acting

the nnd

Amerlrun ato culling

firms for

have

repri-

sals, So It seems that the Argentlno Minister

the prophecy of made last year

Is nboiit to he fulfilled result may be cheap

and the final beef for tho

American public.

sanitary privy nnd a general neglect !

cleaning are municipal problems

Broadly speaking, a combination t

cleaning and lly owuttmg will be. found

the most successful method. Second, a central organization

l',r

conduct of the camiialgii should bo di

elded on, In some localities tile healt i

officer Is the bebt pet son to lead the fight; In other communities, n progres-

sive newspaper cm ally to lis support

the necessary workers. In still other

places n chic league or a woman's club

may well bo In cliarge.

Third, efforls should he made to pro.

cure the necessary supplies without cos'

Boxes can generally bo had, station

can be opened and "lly bats" can b"

secured. Tho merchants are uhvays wil-

ling to contribute to such an enterprise.

Fourth, prizes should he offered for

the largest catches of files, for tho larg-

est number of premises cleaned or f.T

the best individual 'effort in the cam-

paign,

Fifth, wide publicity should he given

especially In tho newspapers. The press

lo the most potent

of the public

health, and the average editor wilt he

glad to give some space every day to x

report of the campaign. If possible the

publicity work should he placed In the

hands of a trained newspaper wrli-e-

Slx-t- organizations nnd clubs of-hi-s

should he encouraged to participate In

the war. These are, In the nature of

things, the most effective fighters. They

can be Interested very readily, they en-Jo- y

the rivalry nnd will worlc with zeal

where proper influences are brought to

bear on them. The Hoy Scouts make uu

Ideal Hrmy. Where they are not in existence rival "gangs" can' well be em-

ployed.

Seventh, definite rules should be

adopted for the conduct of the canipalsu

and for the division of the prize in

order that no cofcfusloa may result.

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