LIVING ENVIRONMENT REVIEW



LIVING ENVIRONMENT REVIEW

TOPIC 1: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG LIVING THINGS (Standard 4: Key Idea 1)

1. Which two organ systems provide materials required for the human body to produce ATP?

(1) reproductive and excretory

(2) digestive and respiratory

(3) respiratory and immune

(4) digestive and reproductive

2. Some human body cells are shown in the diagrams

below.

[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]

Cells from skin Blood cells Cells from lining of bladder Cells from lining of trachea

These groups of cells represent different

(1) tissues in which similar cells function together

(2) organs that help to carry out a specific life activity

(3) systems that are responsible for a specific life activity

(4) organelles that carry out different functions

3. Plants in areas with short growing seasons often have more chloroplasts in their cells than plants in areas with longer growing seasons. Compared to plants in areas with longer growing seasons, plants in areas with shorter growing seasons most likely

(1) make and store food more quickly

(2) have a higher rate of protein metabolism

(3) grow taller

(4) have a different method of respiration

4. An established ecosystem may remain stable over hundreds of years because

(1) species interdependence is absent

(2) there is a lack of variety in the species

(3) no competition exists between the species

(4) there are natural checks on species

5. When organisms break the bonds of organic

compounds, the organisms can

(1) use the smaller molecules to plug the gaps in the cell membrane to slow diffusion

(2) use the energy obtained to digest molecules produced by respiration that uses oxygen

(3) obtain energy or reassemble the resulting materials to form different compounds

(4) excrete smaller amounts of solid waste materials during vigorous exercise

6. The diagram to the right represents a food web.

The arrows only point away from “Grasses, shrubs” and not toward them. State one biological

reason that this is so. [1]

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Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the diagrams to the right of two cells, X and Y, and on your knowledge of biology.

7. Select one lettered organelle and write the letter of that organelle in the space below. Identify the organelle you selected.

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8. State one function of the organelle that you identified in question 43. [1]

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9. Identify one process that is carried out in cell Y that is not carried out in cell X. [1]

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10. Organ systems of the human body interact to maintain a balanced internal environment. As blood flows through certain organs of the body, the composition of the blood changes because of interactions with those organs. State one change in the composition of the blood as it flows through the digestive system. [1]

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11. In most habitats, the removal of predators will have the most immediate impact on a population

of

(1) producers (3) herbivores

(2) decomposers (4) microbes

12. Hormones and secretions of the nervous system are chemical messengers that

(1) store genetic information

(2) carry out the circulation of materials

(3) extract energy from nutrients

(4) coordinate system interactions

13. Which statement concerning simple sugars and

amino acids is correct?

(1) They are both wastes resulting from protein synthesis.

(2) They are both building blocks of starch.

(3) They are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules.

(4) They are both stored as fat molecules in the liver.

14. The diagram to the right represents two single-celled organisms.

These organisms carry out the activities needed

to maintain homeostasis by using specialized

internal

(1) tissues (3) systems

(2) organelles (4) organs

15. Humans require multiple systems for various life functions. Two vital systems are the circulatory system and the respiratory system. Select one of these systems, write its name in the chart below, then identify two structures that are part of that system, and

state how each structure you identified functions as part of the system. [2]

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TOPIC 2: HOMEOSTASIS (DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM) IN LIVING ORGANISMS (KEY IDEA 5)

1. The graph to the right shows the relative concentrations of different ions inside and outside of an

animal cell.

Which process is directly responsible for the net

movement of K+ and Mg++ into the animal cell?

(1) electrophoresis (3) active transport

(2) diffusion (4) circulation

2. Plants in areas with short growing seasons often have more chloroplasts in their cells than plants

in areas with longer growing seasons. Compared to plants in areas with longer growing seasons,

plants in areas with shorter growing seasons most likely

(1) make and store food more quickly (3) grow taller

(2) have a higher rate of protein metabolism (4) have a different method of respiration

3. The graphs below show the changes in the relative concentrations of two gases in the air surrounding a group of mice.

Which process in the mice most likely accounts for the changes shown?

(1) active transport (3) respiration

(2) evaporation (4) photosynthesis

4. Which activity is not a function of white blood

cells in response to an invasion of the body by

bacteria?

(1) engulfing these bacteria

(2) producing antibodies to act against this type of bacteria

(3) preparing for future invasions of this type of bacteria

(4) speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to detect these bacteria

5. The graph to the right shows the effect of temperature on the relative rate of action of enzyme X on

a protein. Which change would not affect the relative rate of action of enzyme X?

(1) the addition of cold water when the reaction is at 50°C

(2) an increase in temperature from 70°C to 80°C

(3) the removal of the protein when the reaction is at 30°C

(4) a decrease in temperature from 40°C to 10°C

6. The energy demands of a cell or an organism are met as a result of interactions

between several life functions.

• Identify two life functions involved in meeting the energy demands of a cell or an

organism. [2]

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• Explain how these two life functions interact to make energy available. [2]

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7. Leaves of green plants contain openings known as stomates, which are opened and closed by specialized cells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf and the outside environment. Which phrase best represents the net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis into and out of the leaf through these openings on a sunny day?

(1) carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out

(2) carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone moves out

(3) oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves out

(4) water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide moves out

8. What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram to the right?

(1) carbohydrates (3) carbon dioxide

(2) ozone (4) water

9. Information concerning a metabolic activity is shown below.

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Substance X is most likely

(1) DNA (3) ATP

(2) oxygen (4) chlorophyll

10. A part of the Hepatitis B virus is synthesized in the laboratory. This viral particle can be identified by the immune system as a foreign material but the viral particle is not capable of causing disease. Immediately after this viral particle is injected into a human it

(1) stimulates the production of enzymes that are able to digest the Hepatitis B virus

(2) triggers the formation of antibodies that protect against the Hepatitis B virus

(3) synthesizes specific hormones that provide immunity against the Hepatitis B virus

(4) breaks down key receptor molecules so that the Hepatitis B virus can enter body cells

11. Which situation is not an example of the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in an organism?

(1) Guard cells contribute to the regulation of water content in a geranium plant.

(2) Water passes into an animal cell causing it to swell.

(3) The release of insulin lowers the blood sugar level in a human after eating a big meal.

(4) A runner perspires while running a race on a hot summer day.

Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the graph to the right and on your knowledge of biology.

12. Pepsin works best in which type of environment?

(1) acidic, only (2) basic, only

(3) neutral (4) sometimes acidic, sometimes basic

13. Neither enzyme works at a pH of

(1) 1 (2) 5

(3) 3 (4) 13

Base your answers to questions 14 through 16 on the diagram to the right of activities in the human body.

14. This diagram illustrates part of

(1) a feedback mechanism

(2) an enzyme pathway

(3) a digestive mechanism

(4) a pattern of learned behavior

15. Describe the action represented by the arrow labeled X in the diagram and state one reason that this action is important. [2]

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16. Identify one hormone involved in another biological relationship and an organ that is directly affected by the hormone you identified. [2]

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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY (Standard 1: Key Ideas 1,2,3)

1. A student performed an experiment to determine if treating 500 tomato plants with an auxin (a plant growth hormone) will make them grow faster. The results are shown in the table below.

Explain why the student can not draw a valid conclusion from these results. [1]

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Base your answers to questions 2 through 5 on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology. A student grew two separate cultures of single-celled organisms. One culture contained Paramecium caudatum and the other contained Paramecium aurelia. The cultures were grown under the same conditions and the number of paramecia (per drop) in each culture was estimated every 2 days for a period of 16 days. The results are shown in data table 1 below.

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Directions (2–5): Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid provided on the next page, following the directions below.

2. Mark a scale on each labeled axis appropriate for the data for Paramecium caudatum that has already been plotted on the grid. [1]

3. Plot the data for Paramecium aurelia on the grid. Surround each point with a small triangle and connect the points. [1]

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4. Describe the change in the two populations between days 0 and 8. [1]

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5. State one possible reason for the difference in the rates of change in the two populations

of paramecia between days 0 and 8. [1]

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6. Plants respond to their environment in many different ways. Design a controlled experiment to test the effect of one environmental factor (such as light, acidity of precipitation, etc.) on some aspect of plant growth. In your experimental design be sure to:

• state the hypothesis [1]

• list the steps of the procedure [2]

• identify the control setup for the experiment [1]

• include an appropriate data table with column headings for the collection of data [1]

• identify the independent variable in the experiment [1]

7. The analysis of data gathered during a particular experiment is necessary in order to

(1) formulate a hypothesis for that experiment

(2) develop a research plan for that experiment

(3) design a control for that experiment

(4) draw a valid conclusion for that experiment

8. A student could best demonstrate knowledge of how energy flows throughout an ecosystem by

(1) drawing a food web using specific organisms living in a pond

(2) conducting an experiment that demonstrates the process of photosynthesis

(3) labeling a diagram that illustrates ecological succession

(4) making a chart to show the role of bacteria in the environment

Base your answers to questions 9 through 11 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

A science class was studying various human physical characteristics in an investigation for a report on human genetics. As part of the investigation, the students measured the arm span of the class members. The data table below summarizes the class results.

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Directions (9–11): Using the information in the data table, construct a bar graph on the grid provided, following the directions below.

9. Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled “Number of Students.” [1]

10. Construct vertical bars to represent the data. Shade in each bar. [1]

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11. What should be done to provide additional support for the generalization that human

arm span is a characteristic that falls within a range of lengths, with most lengths falling

in the middle ranges? [1]

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Base your answers to questions 12 through 16 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

An investigation was carried out to measure the rate of activity of catalase, an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide. Five 40-mL solutions of the enzyme at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% were prepared. A filter paper disk was placed in each enzyme solution. Each soaked disk from the different enzyme concentrations was then added to different cups containing 30 mL of 1% hydrogen peroxide. The rate of catalase activity was inferred from measurements of how fast the disks rose from the bottom to the top of each cup. The following data were obtained:

40%–12.1 seconds, 80%–5.8 seconds, 100%–4.1 seconds, 20%–15.8 seconds, and 60%–

9.9 seconds.

Directions (12–13): Organize the data by completing the data table, according to the

directions below.

12. Label the second column of the data table with an appropriate heading and record that

label on the y-axis of the graph. [Be sure to include units.] [1]

13. Complete the data table so that the percent enzyme increases from the top to the bottom

of the table. [1]

Directions (14 – 15): Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid provided, following the directions below.

14. Mark an appropriate scale on each axis. [1]

15. Plot the data from your data table. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points. [1]

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16. State one valid conclusion that relates enzyme concentration to reaction rate. [1]

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17. A television advertisement claims that a certain brand of cough drop reduces coughing

for 8 hours. Describe an investigation that could be used to determine if this claim is

valid. In your answer, include at least a description of:

• the treatment to be given to the experimental group [1]

• the treatment to be given to the control group [1]

• the data to be collected [1]

• when the data should be collected [1]

• one observation that would lead to the conclusion that the claim is valid [1]

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