What is Psychology



Exam One Study Guide

Chapter One:

What is Psychology?

Key terms:

• Psychology

• Psychobabble

• Pseudoscience

• Willhelm Wundt

• William James

• Sigmund Freud

• Behaviorists

• Critical thinking

• Hypothesis

• Theory

• Operational definition

• Correlation (positive, negative, and coefficient)

• Variable

• Independent and dependent variables

• Reliability and validity

• Meta-analysis

Key ideas:

• The five major perspectives in psychology and what each is concerned with

• Differences between applied and basic psychology

• Different fields of applied psychology

• Different methods for conducting research in psychology and the pros & cons of each

• The relationship between independent and dependent variables

Chapter Two:

Theories of Personality?

Key terms:

• Personality

• Traits

• Central vs. secondary traits

• Factor analysis

• “Big Five” traits

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

• Social-cognitive learning theory

• Locus of control

• Self-fulfilling prophecy

• Culture

• Sigmund Freud

• Collective unconscious

• Humanist psychology

Key ideas:

• The differences between the schools of thought (e.g. trait, behaviorism, etc.) about personality and the criticisms of each school

• Contributions of G. Allport and R. Cattell to trait theory

• The “Big Five” personality traits and what each one means

• The different parts of the personality according to Freud

Chapter Four:

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Key terms:

• CNS, PNS

• Spinal cord

• Spinal reflex (and examples)

• Neurons

• Glial cell

• Dendrite

• Cell body

• Axon

• Plasticity

• Neurontransmitters

• Endorphins

• Hormones

• Adrenal hormones

• Brain stem

• Medulla

• Pons

• Cerebellum

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• Hippocampus

• Reticular activating system

• Corpus callosum

Key ideas:

• The divisions of the nervous system and the role of each division in the body

• What happens when each division of the nervous system is activated

• The parts of a neuron and function of each

• Types of neurotransmitters and their functions

• Major structures of the brain and their functions

• The lobes of the brain and their primary functions

• Primary functions of the right vs. left hemispheres

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