S2 Science Microbes and Disease

S2-3 Science

Microbes and Disease

S2 Science Microbes and Disease

Name: ____________________________ Form Class: ________ Science Teacher: _________________________________________

Contents: Success Criteria Summary Notes Homework Extra Credit Homework Useful Websites

pages 2-3 pages 4-8 pages 9-14 pages 13-14 page 15

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S2-3 Science

Microbes and Disease

Success Criteria

Level Success Criteria- Microbes

2 Identify and describe the key features of the main types of microbe.

2 Investigate the effect of washing your hands/yeast in dough/temperature on food spoilage.

2 Use a microscope to observe microbes in the lab. 2 Give examples of how we use microbes to make

products such as alcohol, cheese and yoghurt. 2 Describe how bacteria reproduce rapidly 2 Describe how viruses reproduce rapidly 2 Describe how fungi reproduce rapidly 3 Process data to describe and explain how bacteria

reproduce 3 Research and present ways to preserve food.. 3 Describe the essential resources that micro-

organisms need to grow

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S2-3 Science

Microbes and Disease

Level Success Criteria ? Disease

1 Describe the symptoms of some common diseases such as colds, mumps, measles, chicken pox and flu.

2 Describe how harmful microbes can enter the body. 3 Describe how diseases can be controlled using

appropriate drug i.e. antibiotic, antifungal and antiviral medicines 3 Describes how microbes can cause disease and infection. 3 Describe how barriers to infection provide a first line of defence. 3 Describes how the immune system protects the body against disease. 3 Describes how white blood cells fight disease and infection by phagocytosis and antibody production. 3 Describe how vaccinations were invented by Edward Jenner. 3 Explains how vaccinations protect individuals from disease.

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S2-3 Science

Microbes and Disease

Summary Notes

Types of Microbes

Micro-organisms are so small they can only be seen using a microscope.

Bacteria, yeast (fungi) and viruses are all types of microorganisms.

Bacteria

Yeast (fungi)

Virus

Shaped like rods, little balls or spirals

2-10 micrometers

Some are spherical, others

are more rectangular 200 micrometers

Lots of different shapes ?

crystalline/polygons

0.001 micrometers

When growing microbes in the lab on agar plates the safety considerations are

1. do not completely seal the petri dish 2. do not open again once it has been sealed 3. must be disposed of using an autoclave (super-heated

steam),

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S2-3 Science

Microbes and Disease

Examining Microbes

We use a microscope to examine bacteria and fungi because they are very small.

Using a stain such as methylene blue or iodine solution improves the contrast of the image and makes things easier to see.

Microbes and Food

Micro-organisms are used in making some food.

Lactobacillus bacteria are used to make yoghurt (and cheese?).

Yeasts are used to make bread and alcohol (like beer and whisky).

The carbon dioxide gas produced by yeast makes bread dough rise.

During fermentation yeast breaks down sugar (energy source) to make alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Growth of Microbes

Bacteria reproduce by dividing, fungi reproduce by budding and viruses invade living cells to reproduce.

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