Chapter 30-The Conservative Ascendancy, 1974-1987



Chapter 30: The Conservative Ascendancy, 1974-1991--PART 1

American Communities

1. The new conservative issues which brought Ronald Reagan to the California state house in 1966 and Richard Nixon to the White House in 1968 emphasized

A. Anticommunism, including the use of nuclear weapons to stop the spread of communism.

B. Small government, including the repeal of New Deal programs such as Social Security.

C. Social issues such as opposition to sex education, obscenity, abortion rights, and gay liberation.

D. Economic issues such as raising the minimum wage and support of full employment programs.

2. Which of the following was NOT part of the conservative message of the 1970s

A. An emphasize on limiting government

B. Lowering trade barriers with other countries

C. Lowering taxes

D. Returning to traditional Christian moral values.

3. Which of the following was NOT part of Ronald Reagan agenda as governor?

A. Reducing taxes

B. Cutting government spending on social programs

C. Calling for increased government action to maintain social order

D. Increasing restrictions on political activity of counter-cultural groups

4. Discuss the effects of cold war defense spending on the economic structure of Orange County California. How did it change the area’s economy away from its traditional economic base.

The Overextended Society

5. In the 1970s, the United States experienced

A. High unemployment offset by a declining cost of living.

B. High inflation rates offset by almost full employment.

C. Rapid economic growth combined with high inflation rates.

D. High inflation rates combined with high unemployment.

6. The oil cartel whose 1973 embargo of oil shipments to Israel's allies led to an oil crisis in the United States is

A. ASEAN

B. Seven Sisters

C. OPEC

D. BP-Exxon

7. American responses to the 1973 oil embargo included all of the following EXCEPT

A. Nixon's creation of an "energy czar."

B. Congress' imposition of a 55 mile per hour speed limit on interstate highways.

C. Gas rationing programs passed by the states.

D. The production of alternate fuel automobiles by Detroit manufacturers.

8. "Outsourcing" resulted in all of the following EXCEPT

A. A decline in the number of manufacturing jobs available in the United States.

B. A rising standard of living for American workers.

C. Cheaper production costs for manufactured goods.

D. A decline in the influence and power of labor unions.

Answer: B (869-870)

9. As a result of the growth of the number of women in the workforce in the 1970s,

A. Women's wages had increased in relation to those of men by 1980.

B. Although the number of women increased, women’s wages remained the same relative to men’s in 1980 as they were in the beginning of the period.

C. Women wages actually declined in relation to men’s by 1980.

D. Wages for males and females achieve equilibrium by 1980.

Answer: C (870)

10. By the 1970s, the United States was falling behind their competitors in Asia and elsewhere in the production of

A. Agricultural products in traditional American staples like wheat, cotton, and tobacco

B. Inexpensive, high quality electronics and automobiles.

C. Computer technology

D. All of the above.

11. Which best describes the political orientation of the Sunbelt?

A. Conservative

B. Liberal

C. Moderate

D. It was a region of extremes, with some areas very conservative and other areas very liberal

12. Which area of the country that had traditionally been a stronghold for Democrats saw a decline in relative population and political strength?

A. Deep South

B. Mountain West

C. West coast

D. Urban areas of the northeast and Midwest

13. According to the map of Population Shifts, 1970-1980, which state gained more than 20 percent or more in population?

A. Arizona

B. Florida

C. California

D. Texas

14. All of the following contributed to the growth of the Sunbelt EXCEPT

A. The growth of the number of United States citizens over sixty-five.

B. The widespread use of air conditioning.

C. Economic advances for low-income workers.

D. Government programs such as defense spending and social security.

15. States located in the North and Northeast that suffered from population declines and the closing of industrial plants were known as

A. Ironbelt states

B. Great White North

C. Rustbelt states

D. Malaise states

16. Who succeeded to the Presidency upon the resignation of President Richard Nixon

A. Spiro Agnew

B. Jimmy Carter

C. Gerald R. Ford

D. John Connolly

17. President Gerald R. Ford's plan to cure the ills of the nation's economy and encourage the public to conserve energy was

A. Supply side economics

B. Trickle down theory

C. Voodoo economics

D. Whip Inflation Now

18. All of the following occurred under James E. Carter's presidency EXCEPT

A. Deregulation of the airlines, bringing lower passenger fares.

B. Freeing of banks from congressional control resulting in bad investments, widespread fraud, and bank failures.

C. Run-away inflation resulting in high prices and high interest rates.

D. The WIN Campaign which was designed to solve the nation's economic problems.

19. All of the following raised public interest in and concern about the environment EXCEPT

A. Love Canal in New York.

B. Three Miles Island in Pennsylvania.

C. The Everglades in Florida.

D. The OPEC oil embargo of 1973.

20. The government regulatory organization created in 1970 to deal with issues such as toxic wastes, pollution, and the destruction of natural resources is the

A. National Environmental Safety Agency

B. Department of Environmental Development

C. Environmental Protection Agency

D. Superfund

21. In the 1960s and 1970s, Congress did all of the following to protect the environment EXCEPT pass bills to

A. Protect endangered species.

B. Construct an Alaskan pipeline.

C. Reduce pollution caused by automobile emissions.

D. Ban the use of some pesticides.

22. Describe at least two incidents that illustrated existing environmental problems in the United States and the public reaction to those incidents. What actions were taken by Congress and the public to protect the environment and how successful were those actions? Explain. (872-875)

The Limits of Global Power

23. The Senate refused to ratify the SALT II Treaty in large part because

A. Republicans gained control of the Senate and thought the treaty, which was largely the work of the Carter Administration, was a bad deal for Americans.

B. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.

C. Ronald Reagan pulled it from Senate consideration once he was elected.

D. A and C

24. Which of the following occurred as a result of the Helsinki Accords

A. Multi-party elections in the Soviet Union.

B. National boundaries drawn in Europe after World War II were recognized.

C. The Soviet Union agreed to loosen restrictions on the emigration of Soviet Jews

D. Economic relations between the U.S. and Soviet Union were strengthened.

25. All of the following are true of SALT II EXCEPT

A. It was negotiated by Nixon and Kissinger.

B. It was finalized by Carter in 1979.

C. It was never ratified by the United States.

D. It was a sign of the desire for détente by both sides.

26. The core of President Carter's foreign policy was a commitment to

A. Winning the cold war.

B. Expanding trade

C. Preserving America’s allies in power, regardless of their domestic policies.

D. Human rights.

27. All of the following reflected Carter's emphasis on human rights EXCEPT

A. The U.S. criticism of South Africa's system of apartheid.

B. His attempt to reform the CIA.

C. Treaties with Panama over the Panama Canal.

D. Stabilization of the government in South Korea.

28. Which of the following could be considered Carter’s greatest moral victory in foreign affairs?

A. Not invading Iran during the hostage crisis.

B. The Camp David Accords.

C. SALT II

D. The treaty returning the Panama Canal to Panama by the year 2000.

29. Zbigniew Brzezinski

A. Saw United States losses as gains for the USSR and vice versa.

B. Recommended a policy of compromise and détente.

C. Emphasized Carter's human rights goals.

D. Said the cold war was over and wanted change.

30. In which country did the Carter Administration successfully help keep a repressive regime in power because it was strongly anti-Communist?

A. Afghanistan

B. El Salvador

C. Nicaragua

D. Iran

31. Which best describes America’s attitude toward foreign governments during most of the cold war?

A. The U.S. tended to favor brutal dictatorships if they were anti-Communist over Communist governments even if they were democratically elected.

B. The U.S. opposed all dictatorships, even if they were anti-Communist

C. The U.S. tended to support brutal dictatorships if they were anti-Communist, but was willing to accept Communist governments if they were democratically elected.

D. The U.S. tended to favor Communist governments that were democratically elected over brutal dictatorships even if they were anti-Communist.

32. Which of the following has been described as Russia’s Vietnam?

A. Afghanistan

B. Angola

C. Congo

D. El Salvador

33. Carter's reactions to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan included all of the following EXCEPT

A. He cancelled U.S. participation in the Moscow Olympics.

B. He provided support to the Afghan-Islamic resistance.

C. He halted shipments of grain and high technology to the Soviet Union.

D. He finalized Salt II.

34. On November 4, 1979, Muslim fundamentalists seized the American embassy and took many of the staff hostage in which country?

A. Iran

B. Iraq

C. Nicaragua

D. El Salvador

35. The Iran hostage crisis

A. Brought Secretary of State Vance's resignation.

B. Showed Carter would not act to save the Americans.

C. Gave Carter more public sympathy and support.

D. Provided confirmation of Carter's human rights policy.

36. Why did the United States and the Soviet Union move toward détente in the 1970s? Explain. (876)

37. Was the United States policy during the cold war toward dictatorships and democracies based on ideology and interests rather than principle? Did the United States support dictatorships if anti-Communist but oppose Communist governments even when elected

The New Right

38. By the end of the 1970s, those forming the backbone of the New Right were

A. NRA members sand others seeking to protect gun owners’ rights

B. Business owners

C. Evangelical Christians.

D. Upper class, old money people

39. Which of the following was a newspaper associated with the neoconservative movement?

A. Wall Street Journal

B. New Republic

C. New York Times

D. Washington Post

40. The New Right in the 1970s

A. Opposed the death penalty.

B. Advocated "traditional" family values.

C. Promoted the ERA.

D. Supported the right to privacy.

41. Among the targets of the Reverend Jerry Falwell and the Moral Majority were all of the following EXCEPT

A. Homosexuality and abortion.

B. The Equal Rights Amendment.

C. Defense spending.

D. Busing of school children.

42. Which of the following legalized abortion throughout the U.S.?

A. Roe v Wade

B. Equal Rights Amendment

C. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

D. A and C

43. Which of the following groups opposed the ERA in the 1970s

A. AFL-CIO

B. Girl Scouts

C. Republican Party

D. Moral Majority

44. The Equal Rights Amendment

A. Proposed special rights for women.

B. Failed to provide equality for minorities.

C. Had more support from Republicans than Democrats.

D. Was opposed by the New Right.

45. Which of the following organized the first anti-abortion protests

A. STOP-ERA

B. Moral Majority

C. Catholic Church

D. Christian Coalition

46. Roe v. Wade

A. Argued the individual should decide, not the state.

B. Applied to the first trimester of a pregnancy.

C. Stipulated rights should be decided by popular vote.

D. Called for a constitutional amendment.

47. Discuss the difference between traditional conservatives and “neoconservatives.”

48. Are both liberals and conservatives in favor of government action when it serves their interests or values and opposed when it does not? Explain. Discuss the issues of the 1970s including the campaigns for and against the ERA and the abortion issue.

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