Primate Diversity & Human Evolution (Outline) 1. Source of ...

Primate Diversity & Human Evolution (Outline)

1. Source of evidence for evolutionary relatedness of organisms 2. Primates features and function 3. Classification of primates and representative species 4. Order of appearance of primates from the earliest to the most recent and

vice versa. 5. Primate habitat and diet 6. Hominid traits and bipedalism. 7. Extinct hominin species. 8. Dispersal of the genus Homo out of Africa 9. Neanderthals and Denisovans as archaic humans mon features of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis. 11. Archaic human sequences in genomes of modern day humans

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Evidence for Evolutionary Relatedness of Organisms

? Paleontology: Using fossil records about Prehistoric times

? History starts with records - Reading and writing

? Anthropology: Study of human culture or development with a historical comparative approach

? Molecular Evolution: Protein and DNA sequences, and Chromosomes

Molecular Evolution

Field of study using comparison of:

- DNA and protein sequences - Chromosome banding - Genome structure

Mutations occur in DNA over time Comparing two DNA sequences

- Fewer changes indicate closer relation and more recent divergence - More changes, more ancient divergence

Figure 16.14

Telomere sequences

Human chromosome

Centromere sequences

Telomere-like sequences

Centromere-like sequences

Chimpanzee chromosomes

12

2

13

Human chromosome

Mouse chromosomes

16

7 8 16 17

Primate Evolution

? Primates evolved as small arboreal (treedwelling) mammals ~65 million years ago

? Primates includes the lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes

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