Comparison of Themes in the Four Canonical Gospels
Comparison of Themes in the Four Canonical Gospels
Mark (ca. 65-75CE)
Matthew (ca. 75-85CE)
Luke (and Acts) (ca. 85-95CE)
John (ca. 85-110CE)
1. Not clear where this was 1. Likely written in Palestine.
1. Not clear where this was written 1. Long thought to have been written
written. Geography is flawed 2. Christology slightly higher than Mark. but likely not Palestine as
in Ephesus, so it is influenced by
and understanding of
The Holy Spirit only guides Jesus.
architectural references (i.e. tiles on Gentile understandings.
Judaism / traditions around 3. Has a more positive view of the
roofs) imply knowledge of only 2. Definitely the highest Christology.
1st Century Palestine seem
Disciples. They are sometimes slow metropolitan / Gentile influence /
The Word (Logos) was God and
forced (not clear)
in understanding, but they get it
understandings.
(literally) pitched tent in the body of
2. Probably the lowest
eventually. Probably has the highest 2. Christology slightly higher than
Jesus and lived among us. God is in
Christology. Jesus has God's view of Peter.
Mark. The Holy Spirit only guides
the Logos and the Logos is in us
authority to forgive sins but 4. Definitely the most Jewish Gospel
Jesus.
(and vice versa). Jesus is always in
is not seen as God. In fact
while sadly having strong anti-Semitic 3. Has a more positive view of the
control ? even of the Holy Spirit.
the Holy Spirit DRIVES Jesus themes.
Disciples. They are sometimes slow 3. Has a fairly positive view of
? Jesus has no control.
5. Jesus is the "new and better Moses" in understanding, but they get it
Disciples with emphasis given to
3. The disciples do NOT get it! who gives a new or re-interpreted
eventually.
the un-named "beloved disciple"
Don't be like them! The
law. The two are often compared. 4. God desires to redeem people.
and NOT Peter.
Gospel ends with the
6. Conflict of Kingdoms (i.e. the
5. Salvation is equally available to all, 4. Against the "Jews." This has led to
women disciples not getting Kingdom of God / Heaven vs. the
including sinners, tax collectors,
much anti-Semitism (sadly)
it, as they are afraid and
kingdoms of this age / Caesar / Satan / Samaritans, women, the poor, etc. 5. No ascension story, though it is
don't tell the good news.
etc.)
6. God will (and we should) bless
implied.
4. Discipleship, Discipleship, 7. The Church / Community (Matthew and lift up the poor, but there are 6. Seems to go to lengths to show
Discipleship! Jesus is the
is the only Gospel with the word
dangers in wealth.
differences (? perceived
perfect example!
eklesia ? i.e. Church / assembly in 7. Table fellowship ? share your food discrepancies ?) with other Gospels.
5. Has little concern for "sin" Greek)
and fellowship with all people,
7. Contains no story of "Holy
or "sins" (not even
8. How to continue now that there is
including the outcast, for there you Communion" at the last supper,
mentioned as a topic after
separation between Judaism &
experience Christ.
only a foot washing. This may be
chapter 3).
Christianity.
8. Discipleship.
because John has Jesus being
6. There is much immediacy in 9. Discipleship.
9. Prayer.
crucified the day the lambs are
this Gospel as Jesus will
10. No ascension story; thus, Jesus is 10. The Holy Spirit is important.
being prepared (slain), making the
"immediately" do something with us always until the end of the 11. Luke and Acts have two quite
Passover meal taking place the night
else after completing a task. age (when two or more are gathered). different ascension stories.
AFTER Jesus' death (not before as in
7. No ascension story.
11. Probably used Mark and possibly 12. Probably used Mark and possibly the other Gospels). However,
8. Only one Passover is
other sources such as Q.
other sources such as Q.
Communion theology is found in
mentioned. Is Jesus' ministry 12. Matthew is the ONLY Gospel that 13. Contains birth narrative focusing
John 6:22-59.
only 1 year long?
says the "cup of the covenant" is for
on Mary (and her family) and
8. Implies Jesus' ministry lasts 3 years
the forgiveness of sins.
Shepherds.
as 3 Passovers take place.
13. Contains birth narrative focusing on 14. Only Gospel with adolescent
9. Jesus is ALWAYS in control in John!
Joseph & Wise Men
Jesus
10. The Logos ABIDING in us and vice
14. Only one Passover is mentioned. Is 15. Only one Passover is mentioned. versa (as God abides in the Logos &
Jesus' ministry only 1 year long?
Is Jesus' ministry only 1 year long? vice versa) is important in John.
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