CONSOLATA INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY
CONSOLATA INSTITUTE OF
PHILOSOPHY
CHM 938
GREEK-ROMAN HISTORY
Lecturer: Fr. Joseph Mwaniki, imc
Email: frmwaniki@tangaza.ac.ke
Outline of the course
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Introduction to Greek-Roman History
Greek History; An Introduction
Early Aegean Civilisations
Rise of Greek City states
Wars and Expansion
The Glory that was Greece
Alexander and the Hellenistic age
Roman History and its major divisions
The Roman Republic, Its Culture and Life
The Roman Empire and Pax Roman
Roman Law, Philosophy, Literature and Art
The Crisis, Decline and the Causes
Western Civilization, Roman Heritage and
Christianity.
Lesson 4
RISE OF GREEK CITY
STATES, WARS AND
EXPANSION
The Rise of City-States
? Geography played a critical role in shaping civilizations,
and this is particularly true of ancient Greece.
? The Greek peninsula has two distinctive geographic
features that influenced the development of Greek
society.
? First, Greece has easy access to water. The land contains
countless scattered islands, deep harbours, and a
network of small rivers. This easy access to water meant
that the Greek people might naturally become explorers
and traders.
? Second, Greece's mountainous terrain led to the
development of the polis (city-state), beginning about
750 B.C.E. The high mountains made it very difficult for
people to travel or communicate. Therefore, the polis
became the structure by which people organized
themselves.
? Some of the most important city-states were Athens,
Sparta, Thebes, Corinth, and Delphi. Of these, Athens and
Sparta were the two most powerful city-states.
The Rise of City-States
? According to the legendary poet Homer, around 1200
BCE, the Mycenaeans were involved in a conflict with
the city of Troy in Anatolia, called the Trojan war.
Various foreign ¡°Sea Peoples¡± began invading
Mycenaean settlements, prompting the inhabitants to
migrate to islands in the Aegean, Anatolia, and Cyprus.
? At that time, life in the Greek peninsula and Greek
islands was characterized by conflict and instability.
This instability was the context for the emergence of
Greek city-states.
Ancient greek Polis
? Without a powerful, centralized state, smaller
governing bodies created political order. One such
type of governing body was the city-state or polis.
Initially, the term polis referred to a fortified area or
citadel which offered protection during times of war.
People flocked to them and set up communities and
commercial centres. Over time, poleis¡ªthe plural of
polis¡ªbecame urban centres whose power and
influence extended to the surrounding agricultural
regions, which provided resources and paid taxes.
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