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Chapter 1- The Hospitality IndustryTerms to Knowhospitalitytravel packagebrandhospitality industryrecreationfranchisefood-service industryrecreation industrylodging accommodationservicetravel packageprofessional associationlodging industrytourism industrytravel industrycomplexity & diversityeco-tourismFirst a little history!The word hospitality comes from the Latin word hospes, which means host or guest. Hospitality has come to mean meeting the needs of guests with kindness and good will. The word restaurant comes from the Latin word restaurare, which means “to restore.” After the French Revolution in the 1700s many chefs of the French nobility were settling throughout Europe. By the 1800s numerous fine eating-and –drinking establishments were operating globally. The word travel is related to the French word travail, which means “work.”The hospitality industry provides services to peoples away from home. These services include: food, lodging, recreation & entertainment, tourism & travel.Hospitality is a people serving people business. Service is at the heart of the hospitality business. The goal of the hospitality industry is to make sure that guests feel good, safe, and happy as a result of using their business.The Tourism industry is a group of businesses that encompass travel/transportation vendors for air, rail, auto, cruise, and motor-coach travel and promote travel and vacations. The growth and development of the Tourism industry has been linked throughout history to the development of transportation systems. The wheel was invented around 3000 B.C. The Egyptians advanced travel by building the first water vessels around 2000 B.C. Travel by Missionaries and Priests after the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D. During the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries Grand Tours became popular for young aristocratic men. These tours involved 2 – 5 year travels to study the language and culture of another country. This was also a period when royal courts financed ocean voyages of discovery to find new lands and sea-trade routes. The Industrial Revolution of the 1700s led to the development of rail service. The 1900s mass production of the automobile and the construction of superhighways made more destinations accessible to more travelers. The invention of flying and airplanes led to quicker global travel.Industry Size and Economic ImpactAccording to the World Travel and Tourism Council travel and tourism is the world’s largest industry and one of the most important. In the United States the industry employs more than 18 million people, or 1 of every 8 jobs.Some of the jobs in the hospitality industry are:ServersChefsTravel AgentsFront Desk hosts Room AttendantsTour OperatorsHotel & Motel Managers Meeting & Event PlannersRestaurant Managers Convention/Visitor Bureau WorkersCatering Employees Theme Park & National Park EmployeesThe hospitality industry is important to the U.S. economy because it generates more than $1 trillion each year. Whenever people travel they spend money on transportation, food, lodging, entertainment and gifts.International visitors to the U.S.A. insert over $100 billion directly into the U.S. economy.DiversityThe industry is filled with diversity. Businesses within the Hospitality Industry vary by service provided, size, type and staff to mention some of the differences.The employees of the hospitality businesses are also diverse as well as the guests the industry serves. Hospitality workers also vary in age from a high-school student to a retired employee working part-time. ComplexityThe industry is complex, consisting of five major segments: food, lodging, travel, tourism and recreation. Part of the complexity is the comingling of segments, such as a hotel that houses a restaurant, theater and gift shop. ALL segments of the hospitality industry must work together to successfully meet customer needs. Food & Beverage segment consists of businesses that prepare food for customers. It is also known as the foodservice industry. Many food and beverage businesses are located in another business, ex. movie theaters, airports, malls. These businesses vary from large to small, casual to fancy/formal.Lodging segment a/k/a Accommodations provide a place to sleep or stay overnight or longer. These businesses vary by level of service: budget (casual) to expensive resort, price, location and type. Bed and Breakfasts are located in private homes and are a part of the Lodging segment; campgrounds and hostels are as well.Travel segment is the industry that moves people from one place to another. Travel can be for business or pleasure. Business travel is responsible for 23% of all travel in the US. Modes of transportation include: automobiles, buses, trains, ships and airplanes. Businesses in this segment include: car rentals, taxi services, ferry services, bus services, train services, cruise lines, airlines.Tourism segment consists of businesses that organize and promote travel and vacations. Businesses in the tourism industry include: travel agencies, tour operators, cruise companies, meeting & convention planners, and convention and visitors bureaus. A vacation might involve several different hospitality businesses. A Travel Package is a trip that includes several segments of the hospitality industry, such as transportation, lodging, meals, and entertainment. One fee is charged for the package that covers all of the arrangements. Professional Travel Planners work for Tour Companies to sell packages to consumers. Recreation segment includes businesses that provide activities for people to rest, relax and enjoy. The goal of recreation is to refresh a person’s body and mind. Types of recreation businesses are: entertainment – provide shows for you to watch; movies, live theater, concertsattractions – places of special interest to visit; festivals, state fairs, museums, zoosspectator sports – sports that you watch others play; MLB, NBA, NFL, MLSparticipatory sports – sports that you take part in; golf, tennisStop here for project - Students will begin to create a Collage of the Hospitality & Tourism Industry by locating 3 examples of the 5 areas from magazines. The examples will be glued to construction paper. Each area will be labeled. A rubric will be given with the assignment.The Role of TravelPleasure travel is done for rest and relaxation. A vacation is a period of time during which a person rests and is free from daily obligations, such as work and/or school. VFR travel is travel for the purpose of visiting friends or relatives. Reasons for pleasure travel are: to get rid of stress, to enrich perspective on life, to bring family closer together, to do what they wanted, when they wanted and to feel alive and energeticBusiness travel usually occurs during the week, not on the weekend, and can involve multiple destinations and methods of travel. It is done as a part of a job or occupation and is often necessary for business success. The employer decides what employees travel; the employer pays for all the travel, food, and lodging expenses. Most companies budget a certain amount of money for business travel every year. Business travelers want to travel efficiently and economically. Challenges of business travel include: stress, time management, long absences from home, and language or cultural barriers. Incentives for business travel include: frequent-flyer miles, travel in business/first class on airlines, and favored treatment at hotels and car-rental companies. Trends in the Hospitality and Tourism IndustriesSafety and security - of both tourist and their personal informationDiversity – increase in number of women traveling for business, Baby Boomers traveling, short weekend vacations are increasing in number,Ecology /ecotourism – adventure tourism and sustainable tourism; Sustainable tourism is tourism that allows a destination to support both local residents and tourists without compromising future generations. It is important because it protects the future of industry in that area. Convenience to travelers and touristTechnology- websites, internet access, information-management systems, guest services Environmental negative impact considerations:water use by resorts, lodging properties, etc must be consideredpollution –air pollution due to energy production, air, road & rail travel; noise pollution can stress wildlife and damage human hearing; aesthetic pollution-signage that ruins natural beautyenvironmental impact – trash and garbage that is left behind by tourist must be disposed of properlyPositive impacts:revenue generated from fees, taxes and similar sources can help pay for the protection and management of sensitive environmentsemployment of local residents can improve the economy of the areaProfessional Associations Professional associations are groups of individuals organized to improve themselves, their profession, and their industry. The groups also work to be represented at a government level. The hospitality industry has over 50 professional associations. Example: NRA-National Restaurant Association, AH&LA – American Hotel & Lodging Association. Many associations provide scholarships to students planning to enter the industry. Employers look for employees to be up-to-date on industry standards and new developments; they often hire someone with active membership in professional associations. Leadership skills and abilities are learned and developed through involvement in professional associations. Professional associations work in five areas: professional development, standards and ethics, networking, public relations, and government relations.Professional development – continuing education via workshops, web-based seminars, annual meetings, journals, newsletters, books and other publications2. Standards and ethics – standards for the practice of the profession, ex. food safety and sanitation standards were developed by the NRA. A Code of Ethics is proper professional behavior for members of the profession.3. Networking - is the process of meeting people in your profession, someone with similar interests, etc. Networking helps someone to problem solve, and to learn about new career opportunities.4. Public relations – is the process of providing general information about the industry to the general public to both attract new professionals and to build a positive image of the profession and industry. 5. Government relations – involves informing all three levels of government, local, state and national, about the issues that are important to the profession. These relationships can and will affect public policy and legislation. Overall the future is bright and full of promising opportunities and challenges for people who are interested in these fields. ................
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