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Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is an international standard for describing language ability.? It is used around the world to describe learners’ language skills.? Common Reference Levels: global scaleBasic userA1Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type.Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives, people he/she knows and things he/she has. Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.A2Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.Independent userB1Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and brie?y give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.B2Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her ?eld of specialisation. Can interact with a degree of ?uency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and Independent disadvantages of various options.Proficient userC1Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. Can express him/herself ?uently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language ?exibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.C2Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very ?uently and precisely, differentiating ?ner shades of meaning even in more complex situations.DIALANG Self-assessment statements The DIALANG assessment systemDIALANG is an assessment system intended for language learners who want to obtain diagnostic information about their pro?ciency. DIALANG’s Assessment Framework and the descriptive scales used for reporting the results to the users are directly based on the Common European Framework (CEF). The self-assessment statements used in DIALANG are also mostly taken from the CEF and adapted whenever necessary to ?t the speci?c needs of the system.ReadingReadingA1I can understand the general idea of simple informational texts and short simple descriptions, especially if they contain pictures which help to explain the text. I can understand very short, simple texts, putting together familiar names, words and basic phrases, by for example rereading parts of the text. I can follow short, simple written instructions, especially if they contain pictures. I can recognise familiar names, words and very simple phrases on simple notices in the most common everyday situations. I can understand short, simple messages, e.g. on postcards.ReadingA2I can understand short, simple texts containing the most common words, including some shared international words. I can understand short, simple texts written in common everyday language. I can understand short simple texts related to my job. I can ?nd speci?c information in simple everyday material such as advertisements, brochures, menus and timetables. I can identify speci?c information in simple written material such as letters, brochures and short newspaper articles describing events. I can understand short simple personal letters. I can understand standard routine letters and faxes on familiar topics. I can understand simple instructions on equipment encountered in everyday life – such as a public telephone.I can understand everyday signs and notices in public places, such as streets, restaurants, railway stations and in workplaces.ReadingB1I can understand straightforward texts on subjects related to my ?elds of interest. I can ?nd and understand general information I need in everyday material, such as letters, brochures and short of?cial documents. I can search one long or several short texts to locate speci?c information I need to help me complete a task. I can recognise signi?cant points in straightforward newspaper articles on familiar subjects. I can identify the main conclusions in clearly written argumentative texts. I can recognise the general line of argument in a text but not necessarily in detail. I can understand the description of events, feelings and wishes in personal letters well enough to correspond with a friend or acquaintance. I can understand clearly written straightforward instructions for a piece of equipment.ReadingB2I can read correspondence relating to my ?elds of interest and easily understand the essential meaning. I can understand specialised articles outside my ?eld, provided I can use a dictionary to con?rm terminology. I can read many kinds of texts quite easily at different speeds and in different ways according to my purpose in reading and the type of text. I have a broad reading vocabulary, but I sometimes experience dif?culty with less common words and phrases. I can quickly identify the content and relevance of news items, articles and reports on a wide range of professional topics, deciding whether closer study is worthwhile. I can understand articles and reports concerned with contemporary problems in which the writers adopt particular stances or viewpoints.ReadingC1I can understand any correspondence with an occasional use of dictionary.I can understand in detail long, complex instructions on a new machine or procedure even outside my own area of speciality if I can reread dif?cult sections.ReadingC2I can understand and interpret practically all forms of written language including abstract, structurally complex, or highly colloquial literary and non-literary writings.WritingWritingA1I can write simple notes to friends. I can describe where I live. I can ?ll in forms with personal details. I can write simple isolated phrases and sentences. I can write a short simple postcard. I can write short letters and messages with the help of a dictionary.WritingA2I can give short, basic descriptions of events and activities. I can write very simple personal letters expressing thanks and apology. I can write short, simple notes and messages relating to matters of everyday life. I can describe plans and arrangements. I can explain what I like or dislike about something. I can describe my family, living conditions, schooling, present or most recent job.I can describe past activities and personal experiences.WritingB1I can write very brief reports, which pass on routine factual information and state reasons for actions. I can write personal letters describing experiences, feelings and events in detail. I can describe basic details of unpredictable occurrences, e.g., an accident.I can describe dreams, hopes and ambitions.I can take messages describing enquiries, problems, etc.I can describe the plot of a book or ?lm and describe my reactions. I can brie?y give reasons and explanations for opinions, plans and actions.WritingB2I can evaluate different ideas and solutions to a problem.I can synthesise information and arguments from a number of sources. I can construct a chain of reasoned argument. B2 I can speculate about causes, consequences and hypothetical situations.WritingC1I can expand and support points of view at some length with subsidiary points, reasons and relevant examples. I can develop an argument systematically, giving appropriate emphasis to signi?cant points, and presenting relevant supporting detail. I can give clear detailed descriptions of complex subjects. (estim. C1) I can usually write without consulting a dictionary. (estim. C1) I can write so well that my language needs to be checked only if the text is an important one.WritingC2I can provide an appropriate and effective logical structure, which helps the reader to ?nd signi?cant points. I can produce clear, smoothly ?owing, complex reports, articles or essays that present a case, or give critical appreciation of proposals or literary works. (estim. C2) I can write so well that native speakers need not check my texts. (estim. C2) I can write so well that my texts cannot be improved signi?cantly even by teachers of writing.ListeningListeningA1I can understand everyday expressions dealing with simple and concrete everyday needs, in clear, slow and repeated speech. I can follow speech which is very slow and carefully articulated, with long pauses for me to get the meaning. I can understand questions and instructions and follow short, simple directions. I can understand numbers, prices and times.ListeningA2I can understand enough to manage simple, routine exchanges without too much effort. I can generally identify the topic of discussion around me which is conducted slowly and clearly. I can generally understand clear, standard speech on familiar matters, although in a real life situation I might have to ask for repetition or reformulation. I can understand enough to be able to meet concrete needs in everyday life provided speech is clear and slow. I can understand phrases and expressions related to immediate needs. A2 I can handle simple business in shops, post of?ces or banks. I can understand simple directions relating to how to get from X to Y, by foot or public transport. I can understand the essential information from short recorded passages dealing with predictable everyday matters which are spoken slowly and clearly.I can identify the main point of TV news items reporting events, accidents, etc, where the visual material supports the commentary. I can catch the main point in short, clear, simple messages and announcements.ListeningB1I can guess the meaning of occasional unknown words from the context and understand sentence meaning if the topic discussed is familiar. I can generally follow the main points of extended discussion around me, provided speech is clear and in standard language. I can follow clear speech in everyday conversation, though in a real life situation I will sometimes have to ask for repetition of particular words and phrases. I can understand straightforward factual information about common everyday or job-related topics, identifying both general messages and speci?c details, provided speech is clear and generally familiar accent is used. I can understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters which occur regularly. I can follow a lecture or a talk within my own ?eld, provided the subject matter is familiar and the presentation straightforward and clearly organised. I can understand simple technical information, such as operation instructions for everyday equipment. I can understand the information content of the majority of recorded or broadcast audio material about familiar subjects spoken relatively slowly and clearly.I can follow many ?lms in which visuals and action carry much of the storyline, and in which the story is straightforward and the language clear.I can catch the main points in broadcasts on familiar topics and topics of personal interest when the language is relatively slow and clear.ListeningB2I can understand in detail what is said to me in the standard spoken language. I can do this even when there is some noise in the background.I can understand standard spoken language, live or broadcast, on both familiar and unfamiliar topics normally encountered in personal, academic or vocational life. Only extreme background noise, unclear structure and/or idiomatic usage causes some problems.I can understand the main ideas of complex speech on both concrete and abstract topics delivered in a standard language including technical discussions in my ?eld of specialisation. I can follow extended speech and complex lines of argument provided the topic is reasonably familiar, and the direction of the talk is clearly stated by the speaker. I can follow the essentials of lectures, talks and reports and other forms of presentation which use complex ideas and language. I can understand announcements and messages on concrete and abstract topics spoken in standard language at normal speed.I can understand most radio documentaries and most other recorded or broadcast audio material delivered in standard language and can identify the speaker’s mood, tone, etc. I can understand most TV news and current affairs programmes such as documentaries, live interviews, talk shows, plays and the majority of ?lms in standard language. I can follow a lecture or talk within my own ?eld, provided the presentation is clear.ListeningC1I can keep up with an animated conversation between native speakers.I can understand enough to follow extended speech on abstract and complex topics beyond my own ?eld, though I may need to con?rm occasional details, especially if the accent is unfamiliar. I can recognise a wide range of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms and recognise changes in style.I can follow extended speech even when it is not clearly structured and when relationships between ideas are only implied and not stated explicitly. I can follow most lectures, discussions and debates with relative ease. I can extract speci?c information from poor quality public announcements.I can understand complex technical information, such as operating instructions, speci?cations for familiar products and services. I can understand a wide range of recorded audio material, including some nonstandard language, and identify ?ner points of detail, including implicit attitudes and relationships between speakers.I can follow ?lms which contain a considerable degree of slang and idiomatic usage.ListeningC2I can follow specialised lectures and presentations which use a high degree of colloquialism, regional usage or unfamiliar terminology. ................
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