UNIT: ACIDS, BASES AND METALS



UNIT: DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL IDEAS RELATING TO ACIDS AND BASES

ACHIEVEMENT STANDARD: Science 1.5

ACHIEVEMENT OBJECTIVES: Material World

Properties and changes of matter

• Identify patterns and trends in the properties of a range of groups of substances, for example, acids and bases, metals, metal compounds and hydrocarbons.

• Explore factors that affect chemical processes.

The structure of matter

• Distinguish between atoms, molecules, and ions (includes covalent and ionic bonding).

• Link atomic structure to the organisation of the periodic table.

• Use particles theory to explain factors that affect chemical processes.

Chemistry and society

• Investigate how chemical knowledge is used in a technological application of chemistry.

TEXTS:

• New Directions in Science (ND)

• Year 11 Acids & bases SciPAD (SP)

|Pd |Content |Resources |

|1 |Periodic Table |ND p34-37 Ex 1A, 1B |

| |Periodic tables |Prac1 p1, Prac5 p2 |

| |Activity: Shade metals, non-metals, solids, liquids, gases, halogens, inert gases, Group 1, Group 2 |SP p11 |

| |Show video “The Periodic Table" or Youtube clip |Photocopy of periodic table. |

| | |Periodic table song: |

| | |Element election DVD |

| | |Mendeleev: |

|2 |What is the world made of? |Nature of Science: Understanding Science |

| |Nature of Science: Understanding Science |DVD The Story of Science (Episode 2) |

| |Alchemy to present day overview of the development of chemistry and the famous scientists involved. |SP p9 |

|3 |Structure of atoms |ND p42 Ex 1E |

| |Describe arrangement and nature of protons, neutrons, and electrons. |SP p8, p10 & p12 |

| |Calculate number of protons, neutrons and electrons from atomic number and mass number. |‘Atomic structure’ & ‘Isotopes’ Powerpoints K:\_2011 Science\Yr 11 |

| |Define and explain isotopes. |Science\Powerpoints |

| |Show two Powerpoints. | |

|4 |Electron arrangement |ND p44 Ex 1F |

| |Discuss stability of electron arrangement. |SP p13 - 14 |

| |Write electron arrangements for atoms and ions of the first 20 elements. | |

| |Define what an ion is. Cover ion formation in the next lesson. | |

| |Relate charge of monatomic (1 atom) ions to position in periodic table (Groups 1, 2, 16, 17 only). | |

|5 |How ions form |ND p46 Ex 1G |

| |Use Ionic bond/covalent bonding Powerpoint to explain the following concepts: |SP p15 - 16 |

| |Transfer of electrons. |K:\2010 Science\Yr 11 Science\Chemistry\Powerpoints\Ion formation and ionic bonds |

| |How the charge on the ion is related to how many electrons are gained or lost. |Model of sodium chloride crystal lattice in storeroom with molymods. |

| |Ionic bond formation. | |

|6 - 7 |Writing formulae of ionic compounds |ND p48-51 Ex 1H-1I |

| |Balancing charges when forming salts. |Prac10 p3 |

| |Write formulae for AB, A2B, AB2, AB3 and salts that require brackets e.g. Ca(OH)2. |Ion table to stick in notes. |

| | |SP p17 - 23 |

|8 |Balancing equations |SP p24 – 27 |

| |Write word and symbol equations. |Molymods |

| |Use molymods to make models of H2, O2 and H2O and show how equations are balanced. Draw particle pictures. (see | |

| |BU) | |

|9 |Making acids and bases |ND p53 Ex2A |

| |Introduce litmus and universal indicator as acid-base indicators. |ND p55 Ex2B |

| |Practical: Burn Mg and dissolve ash in small amount of water. Test with a few drops of Universal Indicator |ND p61 Ex2E |

| |solution. |ND p65 Ex2G |

| |Demonstration: Burn sulphur in gas jar of oxygen/or air. Gas jar should have a few cm of water with a few drops |Prac21 p6 |

| |of Universal indicator. Test gas with damp litmus. Shake up water to dissolve gas. Observe colour change. OHTs |SP p54 - 55 |

| |(metal oxides, non-metal oxides). Save water from sulfur exp. for later lesson. | |

| |Explain what the colour change for each indicator means. | |

| |Write equations for each of the reactions. | |

| |Mg burning to produce MgO, MgO reacting with water to make Mg(OH)2, Mg(OH)2 dissolving in water (albeit only | |

| |slightly) to give OH- ions. | |

| |S burning to make sulfur dioxide, sulfur. Acid rain — oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. T Acid Rain | |

| |Recognise acid nature of H+ ions and basic nature of OH- ions | |

| |Conclusion: Metal oxides are basic & Non-metal oxides are acidic. | |

|10 |pH |U.I solution |

| |Compare pH of different solutions. |Variety of household and lab solutions |

| |Write equations for dissociation of different acids |ND p54-55 |

| |Soil pH |Prac 14 & 15 p4 |

| | |SP p56 - 59 |

| |For achieved: word equations | |

| |For merit: word and symbol equations | |

| |For excellence: write a balanced symbol equation | |

|11 |What can react with an acid? |ND p74 Ex3C |

| |Reactions (1) Metal and acid (acids are limited to HCl and H2SO4) |Prac32 p9 |

| |React metals (not calcium or lithium) with dilute hydrochloric acid |Hmwk: ESA p228 |

| | | |

| |Write word equations [METAL + ACID —> SALT + HYDROGEN] | |

|12 |Reactions (2) Acid and base |ND p74 Ex 3C |

| |Metal hydroxides / oxides + acids [ACID + BASE —> SALT + WATER] |ND p66 Ex 2H |

| |Practical: Add 2M acid to 2M base and record temp. change (prove reaction has taken place). |Prac12 p4 |

| |Practical: Add U.I to ethanoic acid and add ammonia drop by drop. U.I changes to green then purple. Proves | |

| |neutralisation. | |

| |Practical: Add sulphuric acid to copper(II) oxide and leave over night. Copper sulphate solution produced. Proves| |

| |oxides act as bases. Boil off some water and allow the crystallize. | |

| | |SP p65 |

| |Practise equations: Acid and base |SP p62 - 64 |

| |Write word and balanced symbol equations for a variety of reactions. | |

|13 |Reactions (3) Acid and carbonate/hydrogen carbonate |ND p56 Ex 2C |

| |Metal carbonate / hydrogen bicarbonate + acid: observe reaction of calcium carbonate (marble chip) and |Prac18 P5 |

| |hydrochloric acid. Identify gas produced (limewater). [ACID + CARBONATE —> SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE] | |

| | | |

|14 |Practise equations: Acid and carbonate |SP p66 - 68 |

| |Write word and balanced symbol equations for a variety of reactions. | |

|15 |Antacid investigation |ND p56 Ex2H |

| |Carry out investigation into which antacid tablet neutralizes the most acid. |SP p60 - 61 |

| |This involves a simple titration or add acid bit by bit to tablet and then measure total volume used. | |

| |Follow the method on sheet/OHT in folder. Students fill in results etc in workbook 140-141. | |

| |Reaction rate |ND Prac33 p10 |

|16 |Effect of increasing concentration. Compare time taken to fill a boiling tube with gas at different |SP p38 - 43 |

| |concentrations. | |

| |Discuss concentration as number of particles in a given volume. Increase conc. = more particles so more |45ml 0.25M thiosulphate + 5ml 2M HCl. |

| |collisions. |Stopwatches. |

|17 |Effect of increasing temperature. Carry out thiosulfate/HCl clock reaction at different temperatures (see BU) or |ND Prac34 p10 |

| |do ND Prac34. | |

| |Discuss temperature as being the average Ek of particles, so higher temp. = faster moving particles so more | |

| |collisions. |Dust explosions: |

|18 |Effect of increasing surface area. Compare time taken for Mg to disappear when reacted with HCl (single strip vs |

| |cut up pieces). Or do ND Prac19. |ive-wheat-video.htm |

| |Discuss increased surface area = more chance of a collision. | |

| | |ND Prac19 p6 |

|19 |Graphing a reaction curve |P34 - 37 |

| |Carry out reaction of Mg with acid measuring volume of gas produced over time. Graph the results. | |

| |Explain shape of graph. | |

|20 |Collision theory |ND p76 3D |

| |Particles need to collide with enough energy (to overcome activation energy barrier) and with correct orientation|SP p33 |

| |for a successful collision to occur. | |

|21 |Real life applications |SP p69 |

| |Discuss, complete problems or research any of the following: | |

| |Acid rain effect on buildings | |

| |Treating stings from various organisms. | |

| |Using kindling to start fires. | |

|22 |Revision |SP p72 - 79 |

| |Practise questions from old exam papers. Exam paper at the back of the SciPAD. |On K-drive or from NZQA website |

|23 |Test | |

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