Winter 2017 82

South Atlantic Review

Winter 2017

Volume

Number 4

82

Journal of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association

Editor

R. Barton Palmer

Associate Editor

Marta Hess

Reviews Editor

Daniel Marshall

Foreign Language Reviews Editor

Michael Rice

Foreign Language Reviews Assistants

Theresa McBreen Ann McCullough

Managing Editor

M. Allison Wise

About South Atlantic Review

SouthAtlanticReview@clemson.edu

Since its founding in 1935 as the newsletter for the South Atlantic Modern Language Association, South Atlantic Review has become a premier academic quarterly publishing research in the modern languages and literatures, as well as in associated fields such as film, cultural studies, and rhetoric/composition. The journal welcomes submissions of essays, maximum length 8,000 words, that are accessible, and of broad interest, to its diverse readership across a number of disciplines. Submissions may be made electronically directly to the managing editor at the address above. SAR also welcomes proposals for special issues and special focus sections.

Additional information regarding submission requirements and book reviews can be found on our website at .

In Appreciation. South Atlantic Review wishes to acknowledge the generous contributions and support provided by Ashley Cowden Fisk, Michael LeMahieu, Cameron Bushnell, and the Pearce Center for Professional Communication at Clemson University, by the Clemson University Department of English chaired by Lee Morrissey, and by the College of Arts, Architecture, and the Humanities.

About SAMLA

samla@gsu.edu

The views contained herein represent the opinions of the authors whose names appear on each submission and not the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, Georgia State University, Clemson University, the editors of South Atlantic Review, or the Executive Committee Members of SAMLA.

? 2017 by the South Atlantic Modern Language Association

Membership. Annual membership dues for SAMLA: $35 for a student membership; $40 for an adjunct, lecturer, emeritus, or independent scholar membership; and $50-70 for a full-time faculty membership. All memberships are annual with terms running from October 1 to September 30. Institutional subscriptions are $80 per year. Membership forms are available on the SAMLA website above. All inquiries may be directed to samla@gsu.edu; SAMLA, PO Box 3968, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3968; or 404413-5816.

SAMLA Annual Convention. Information regarding the annual convention is available on the SAMLA website.

Contents

Special Issue: Black Transnationalism

Guest Editors Kameelah L. Martin and Donald M. Shaffer, Jr.

Essays

1

Black Transnationalism and the Discourse(s) of Cultural

Hybridity: An Introduction

Kameelah L. Martin and Donald M. Shaffer, Jr.

9

Wit's End: Frantz Fanon, Transnationalism, and the

Politics of Black Laughter

Diego A. Millan

31

Engaging Hybridity: Race, Gender, Nation, and the

"Difficult Diasporas" of Nalo Hopkinson's Salt Roads and

Helen Oyeyemi's The Opposite House

Lesley Feracho

53

Senegal in France, France in Senegal: Successful and

Failed Transnational Identities in Fatou Diome's Novels

Rosemary Haskell

75

Disrupting the Lines: Tuning in to Edward Kamau

Brathwaite's "Word Making Man"

John Hyland

98

Diaspora Doubtful: Illegible Diaporic Subjects in Claude

McKay's Banjo and Nadifa Mohamed's Black Mamba Boy

Marina Bilbija

121

Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and

Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's

Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird

Beauty Bragg

139

Pan-Africanism, Transnationalism, and

Cosmopolitanism in Langston Hughes's Involvement in

the First World Festival of Black Arts

Babacar M'Baye

Contents

160

Transational Identities and the Crisis of Modernity: The

Slave Narratives of Juan Francisco Manzano and Mary

Prince

Nereida Segura-Rico

Book Reviews

181

And We Were All Alive. By Olvido Garc?a Vald?s. Trans.

Catherine Hammond.

Reviewed by Enrique ?lvarez

184

Uncanny Encounters: Literature, Psychoanalysis, and the

End of Alterity. By John Zilcosky.

Reviewed by Stephan K. Schindler

From the Guest Editors

Black Transnationalism and the Discourse(s) of Cultural Hybridity:

An Introduction

Kameelah L. Martin and Donald M. Shaffer, Jr.

To be and exist as part of the African Diaspora is increasingly synonymous with cultural hybridity. One is simultaneously negotiating multiple cultural and geographic identifiers: African/American, Black/ British, African/Arab, a Switzerland national of Botswanan descent, or perhaps like poet Warsan Shire, a Kenyan-born Somali living in the United Kingdom. The question of a national identity, when grappling with the varied stigmas of "blackness," is a vexed one. Indeed, African ancestry, which not only is inclusive of imposed national ties, but also signifies linguistic, religious, and ethnic allegiances, can weave an even more tangled web around hybridity and patriotic loyalties when the site of nationhood also becomes fluid and diverse. "Striving to be both European and African," for instance, "requires some specific forms of double consciousness," Paul Gilroy asserts in the opening lines of The Black Atlantic (1). Gilroy further describes the challenge of negotiating multiple identities, particularly when considering the liminality that exists between them or establishing new ways to articulate their continuity (1). It is within the interstices of these seeming mutually exclusive terms (African/American, Afro/Latino, Black/British) that hybrid cultures acquire specialized meaning(s); but for Gilroy, as well as others, this intersectional encounter of cultural identities is a moment fraught with ambiguity, one that signals a "provocative and even oppositional act of political insubordination" (1).

Although it has been more than twenty years since the publication of The Black Atlantic, Gilroy's theorizing of symbolic transatlantic space(s) continues to resonate with literary scholars and cultural theorists. This special issue of South Atlantic Review tackles the question(s) surrounding the African Diaspora and its integration into "(at least) two great cultural assemblages, both of which have mutated through the course of the modern world and formed them and assumed new configurations" (1). Gilroy notes that the discourse about "nationality,

1

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