Kinesiology Portfolio



History of Physical Therapy Timeline460BC- Physicians like Hippocrates and later Galenus are believed to have been the first practitioners of physical therapy, advocating massage, manual therapy techniques and hydrotherapy to treat people.1500s – 1700s- In Europe the use of exercise to treat muscle and bone disorders and disabilities continued to progress.1800s- Exercise and muscle re-education were utilized for a variety of orthopedic diseases and injuries.1813- The earliest documented origins of actual physical therapy as a professional group date back to Per Henrik Ling, “Father of Swedish Gymnastics,” who founded the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (RCIG), for massage, manipulation, and exercise.1887-PTs were given official registration by Sweden’s National Board of Health and Welfare. Other countries soon followed.1894- Four nurses in Great Britain formed the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.1913- The School of Physiotherapy at the University of Otago in New Zealand.1914- United States' Reed College in Portland, Oregon, which graduated "reconstruction aides." Since the profession's inception, spinal manipulative therapy has been a component of the physical therapist practice.1916- When the polio epidemic became widespread in the United States the need for muscle testing and muscle re-education to restore function grew dramatically. 1917- The United States entered World War I, and the Army recognized the need to rehabilitate soldiers injured in battle. ?As a result, a special unit of the Army Medical Department, the Division of Special Hospitals and Physical Reconstruction, developed 15 “reconstruction aide” training programs to respond to the need for medical workers with expertise in rehabilitation. The profession of physical therapy, as it was later termed, had begun.1918-the term "Reconstruction Aide" was used to refer to individuals practicing physical therapy.1920s-The partnership of physical therapists with the medical and surgical communities grew, and the profession of physical therapy gained public recognition and validation.1921-The first school of physical therapy was established at Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C., following the outbreak of World War I. Research catalyzed the physical therapy movement. The first physical therapy research was published in the United States in March in "The PT Review." In the same year, Mary McMillan organized the Physical Therapy Association (now called the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). 1924-The Georgia Warm Springs Foundation promoted the field by touting physical therapy as a treatment for polio.1930s-The polio epidemic continued and the United States’ involvement in World War II at the end of the decade resulted in additional wounded soldiers to rehabilitate. Wounded veterans who returned home with amputations, burns, fractures, and nerve/spinal cord injuries required the attention of physical therapists.1940s-Treatment primarily consisted of exercise, massage, and traction. 1946-Congress adopted the Hill Burton Act to build hospitals across the country to increase public access to health care facilities. This legislative action resulted in an increase in hospital-based practice for physical therapists and an increased demand for physical therapy services.1950s- Influenced by the start of the Korean War and the continued polio epidemic. Although a vaccine was finally developed to end the disease, individuals who had contracted polio prior to the vaccine continued to need physical therapy treatment. Manipulative procedures to the spine and extremity joints began to be practiced, especially in the British Commonwealth countries. Around this time when polio vaccines were developed, physical therapists have become a normal occurrence in hospitals throughout North America and Europe. 1954-First national examination for PTLate 1950s- Physical therapists started to move beyond hospital-based practice to outpatient orthopedic clinics, public schools, colleges/universities health-centres, geriatric settings (skilled nursing facilities), rehabilitation centers and medical centers.1959-State regulations for the physical therapist existed in 45 states1974-Specialization for physical therapy in the U.S. with the Orthopaedic Section of the APTA being formed for those physical therapists specializing in orthopaedics. In the same year, the International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists was formed, which has since played an important role in advancing manual therapy worldwide.1975- Creating new avenues for physical therapists within the public school system. 1980s-APTA adopted a policy indicating that physical therapy practice independent of practitioner referral was ethical as long as it was legal in the state. Having taken small steps over the previous 50 years to become more independent of the physician, this courageous step punctuated the professionalization of the physical therapist and resulted in states changing their practice acts to provide for the ability to practice without referral.1990s- Significant changes in our country’s health care delivery system influenced the practice of physical therapy in ways that continue today. 1997-Managed care, the role of insurers in determining care, corporate and physician ownership of physical therapy services, the Balanced Budget Act of 19971999- the Medicare Prospective Payment System (PPS), and the Medicare cap on physical therapy services implemented challenged and continue to challenge physical therapists to provide quality services to patients.2000+ -Technological advances provided new testing methodologies with more objective outcome measures, and new intervention methodologies expanded practice and the types of diseases and conditions that physical therapy could positively influence. ................
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