Third Grade Overview



Graphic Organizer

Big Idea Card

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|Big Ideas of Lesson 7, Unit 4 |

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|Cultures change through local invention and cultural diffusion. |

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|Fads are short-lived, highly popular and widespread activities, styles, objects or ideas that usually bring about cultural change for only a short time. |

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|Fads can be the result of local invention or cultural diffusion. |

Word Cards

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|fad |

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|short-lived, highly popular and widespread activities, styles, objects or |

|ideas |

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|Example: Fads are often related to cultural traits such as food, hair style,|

|clothing, and toys. |

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|(SS060407) |

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Analyzing Fads of the Past

| |What do you think the fad is? |

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|Beehive Hair |Flagpole sitting |

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|The beehive was created in 1960 by Chicago stylist Margaret Vinci Heldt. Heldt |In a time without television and radio, people often looked for means of |

|was asked by the editors of Modern Beauty Salon magazine to create a new hairdo|entertainment outside of the home. The Roaring Twenties brought the fad of |

|that would spice up the world of beauty. Heldt designed the beehive by thinking|flagpole sitting. |

|about a velvet hat that she owned. The cap had beaded decorations that looked |The flagpole sitting fad began in 1924 when a friend dared actor Alvin |

|like bees, but more importantly, the tall hat didn't leave Heldt with hat hair |“Shipwreck” Kelly to sit on a flagpole. Kelly took on the dare and sat on a |

|after she wore it. Heldt wanted to create a style that maintained its shape, |flagpole for 13 hours and 13 minutes. The odd spectacle set off a series of |

|the way the hat maintained her hair. Thanks to that black hat, the beehive was |imitators who sought fame and money and a chance to beat Kelly’s record. During|

|born. |the next five years, flagpole sitters set records of 12 days, 17 days, and 21 |

|The beehive was an instant success. Women were already in love with the big |days. |

|hair trend, thanks to the bouffant, and the longer-lasting beehive was a |Kelly continued sitting on flagpoles, often as paid publicity stunts. He |

|timesaver. Women could sleep with their hive in a scarf, smooth away the loose |travelled across America setting up poles and platforms for flagpole sitting |

|strands in the morning, and be ready to go. |demonstrations. |

|The beehive can still be seen once in a while today. It has survived some bad |In 1929, Kelly again broke the record for flagpole sitting in a stunt that |

|word of mouth. In the 1960s, a popular urban legend claimed that women with |lasted 49 days in Atlantic City, New Jersey. His record lasted only a year |

|beehives were dying because spiders or other deadly bugs took up residence in |though. In 1930, Bill Penfield sat on a pole for 51 days and 20 hours in |

|the hive. |Strawberry Point, Iowa. He may have sat longer but a thunderstorm forced him |

| |down. |

| |By 1930, the flagpole sitting craze faded into history. |

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|Goldfish Swallowing |Leg Makeup |

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|On March 3, 1939, Harvard freshman Lothrop Withington, Jr., touched off a |Silk stockings were a very popular fashion item for women in 1941. In that |

|firestorm of publicity - and imitators - when he swallowed a goldfish on a $10 |year, the U.S. government banned silk stockings after Japan cut off America's |

|bet. For the next three months, students sucked down goldfish in record numbers|silk supply during World War II. Silk was a vital material in making |

|while every authority figure from the Massachusetts State Senate to the U.S. |parachutes and it became apparent that parachute production was more important |

|Public Health Service tried to get them to stop. The craze slowed down after |than women's fashion needs. Women resorted to ‘do it yourself’ hosiery, rubbing|

|many schools threatened to expel the fish eaters, but the stunt managed to |liquid foundation onto their legs to simulate the color of pantyhose, then |

|remain popular enough to ensnare the next generation. The current world record,|using eyebrow pencil to draw a "seam" up the back. |

|300 fish in one sitting, was set in 1974. | |

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|Phone Booth Stuffing | |

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|To college kids in 1959 the thing to do with all of your friends was phone | |

|booth stuffing. It involved getting at least ten people together and seeing |Poodle Skirts |

|how many you could get to fit into a phone booth. The door could be left open | |

|as long as half of the person was in the booth. |When rock 'n' roll music exploded onto the social scene of the 1950s, dancers |

|The fad began when a South African college said it had been able to fit |wanted nonrestrictive clothing that would allow them to move more freely to the|

|twenty-five students into a booth made for one, setting a "world record" that |beat. This unleashed one of the most memorable fashion fads of the era: the |

|has never been defeated. This set the competition off to a start that very same|poodle skirt. |

|spring. Before coming to North America, a group of London University students |The poodle skirt was a colorful, full, swingy skirt that typically hit just |

|packed into one of the phone booths in their country. By early March, cramming|below the knee. It was commonly made of felt fabric and appliquéd with an image|

|sessions were under way on many U.S. and Canadian campuses. |of a poodle, hence the name. Sometimes other images of the era, like 45 rpm |

|This fad began to expire the same year when studying for May and June finals |records, dice, and musical notes, also appeared on the skirts. They were easily|

|meant that students had to concentrate on other things. |constructed following a simple pattern. |

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| |Drive-In Theaters |

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| |The 1950s combination of a booming American car culture and the renewed |

| |popularity of a night out to the movies resulted in the fad of drive-in |

|Sock Hops |theaters. It put cars and movies together. |

| |The first drive-in theater opened in June 1933 in New Jersey, but the concept |

|The typical high school dance of the 1950s was an informal, school-chaperoned |didn't catch the public's fancy until the early 1950s. With cars readily |

|event at which teens removed their shoes and danced in their socks to protect |available in America's prosperous postwar years, and new FM technology making |

|the gymnasium floor. Nicknamed sock hops, these dances proved more than just a |it possible for theaters to send a movie's sound directly into a viewers' car |

|diversion for a generation of teens. |radio, this was an ideal way for couples, families and groups of friends to see|

|A new style of rowdy pop music called rock 'n' roll, combined with the |movies. |

|liberating freedom to remove their shoes while dancing, gave teens the |Drive-ins appealed to a range of viewers. Some theaters charged per car, |

|inspiration to jitterbug, shake, rattle and roll in ways that went far beyond |meaning a group of friends packed into one tiny car could see a movie at a good|

|the dance moves from their parents' generation. |discount. Families liked the flexibility of the theatres, which often included |

| |playgrounds, and teenagers notoriously attended drive-ins for a little extra |

| |privacy on date nights. |

| |Drive-ins eventually fell out of favor as indoor theaters grew in size and |

| |variety. |

Organizing Information

|Fad |Description |When? |Why? |

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Organizing Information – Answer Sheet

|Fad |Description |When? |Why? |

|Beehive Hair |A hairstyle created by Chicago stylist Margaret |1960 |Women were already in love with the big hair trend, |

| |Vinci Heldt. | |thanks to the bouffant, and the longer-lasting beehive |

| | | |was a timesaver. Women could sleep with their hive in a|

| |It put all the hair on top of the head in a style | |scarf, smooth away the loose strands in the morning, |

| |of a hat and looked like a beehive made out of | |and be ready to go. |

| |hair. | | |

| | | | |

| |It was a style that maintained its shape. | | |

|Flagpole sitting |It began when a friend dared actor Alvin |1924 |People did not have television or radio and were |

| |“Shipwreck” Kelly to sit on a flagpole. Kelly took| |looking for a way to entertain themselves outside of |

| |on the dare and sat on a flagpole for 13 hours and| |the home. |

| |13 minutes. | | |

| | | |By 1930, the flagpole sitting craze faded into history.|

| |The odd spectacle set off a series of imitators | | |

| |who sought fame and money and a chance to beat | | |

| |Kelly’s record. | | |

| | | | |

| |By 1930, the flagpole sitting craze faded into | | |

| |history. | | |

|Goldfish Swallowing |People started swallowing goldfish to set records |1939 |It started as a competition and a bet in college and |

| |on how many a person could swallow. | |spread. |

| | | | |

| |The craze slowed down after many schools | | |

| |threatened to expel the fish eaters, but the stunt| | |

| |managed to remain popular enough to ensnare the | | |

| |next generation. | | |

| | | | |

| |The current world record, 300 fish in one sitting,| | |

| |was set in 1974. | | |

|Leg Makeup |Women resorted to ‘do it yourself’ hosiery, |1941 |In 1941, the US government banned silk stockings during|

| |rubbing liquid foundation onto their legs to | |World War II. It was vital in making parachutes for |

| |simulate the color of pantyhose, then using | |the war effort. Because wearing hose was still in |

| |eyebrow pencil to draw a "seam" up the back. | |fashion, women created leg makeup. |

|Phone Booth Stuffing |College kids tried to get as many people together |1959 |It developed out of a competition first started in |

| |to see how many they could get to fit into a phone| |South Africa, and then spread to London and the United |

| |booth. |Began in South Africa |States. |

| | | | |

| |The door could be left open as long as half of the| |This fad began to expire the same year when studying |

| |person was in the booth. | |for May and June finals meant that students had to |

| | | |concentrate on other things. |

|Poodle Skirts |A nonrestrictive clothing style that allowed girls|1950s |They allowed girls to move more easily while dancing. |

| |to move more freely to the music. | | |

| | | |They were easily constructed following a simple |

| |It was a colorful, full, swingy skirt that | |pattern. |

| |typically hit just below the knee. It was commonly| | |

| |made of felt fabric and appliquéd with an image of| | |

| |a poodle, hence the name. Sometimes other images | | |

| |of the era, like 45 rpm records, dice, and musical| | |

| |notes, also appeared on the skirts. They were | | |

| |easily constructed following a simple pattern. | | |

|Sock Hops |An informal, school-chaperoned dance where kids |1950s |Teens removed their shoes and danced in their socks to |

| |took off their shoes and danced in their socks. | |protect the gymnasium floor. |

| | | | |

| |Combined with rock and roll music and liberating | | |

| |dance moves, sock hops became popular | | |

|Drive-In Theaters |It put cars and movies together. People watched |First opened in 1933 |Technology made this possible by piping sound through |

| |movies in their cars. They used the new FM | |the car radio. |

| |technology to send a movie's sound directly into a|Caught on in the early| |

| |viewers' car radio. |1950s |Drive ins appealed to groups of teenagers, families and|

| | | |couples wanting some privacy while watching a movie. |

| | | |It was an inexpensive option to watching movies and |

| | | |often had playgrounds for children. |

Experiment Design

Group Members: _______________________________________________________________

What should the fad be?

Why do you think this is a good choice?

How long should we run the experiment?

What percentage of students has to adopt the fad in order for the experiment to be successful?

How will you get other students to adopt the fad?

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Activities

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Objects

Styles

Ideas

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