Social identity theory - Mr Hansson's IB Psychology Website
Social identity theory
The three factors of social identity theory
Social categorization: We divide people into in-groups and out-groups
Social identity: Part of our identity stems from our in-group
Social comparison/positive distinction: We have a tendency to compare our in-groups with other groups and to show that our group is superior to other groups
Supporting research
Tajfel: Participants were randomly divided into groups and asked to allocated points to either in-group or out-group members. The points were to be translated into a monetary award, but the allocation was anonymous. There was a tendency to allocate more points to in-group members than out-group members.
Yuki (2005): Found that both Japanese and American subjects favoured their ingroup. However, Japanese people were more likely to ask help from strangers that did not belong to their in-group
Jane Eliot study: When children were told that blue eyes was superior to brown eyes, the blue eyed children (ingroup) started disciminating the brown eyed children (outgroup)
Hraba and Grant – black/white doll study: In the 60s, black children preferred black dolls and white children preferred white dolls (supports social identity theory). However, in the 30s, black children preferred to play with white dolls. This demonstrates that cultural norms can alter the positive distinction factor of the group.
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