MC & THEMATIC UNITED STATES HISTORY AND …

FOR TEACHERS ONLY

The University of the State of New York

REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION

UNITED STATES HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

VOLUME

1 OF 2

MC & THEMATIC

Friday, August 17, 2018 -- 8:30 to 11:30 a.m., only

SCORING KEY FOR PART I AND RATING GUIDE FOR PART II (THEMATIC ESSAY)

Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department's web site during the rating period. Visit the site at: and select the link "Scoring Information" for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents Examination period.

Scoring the Part I Multiple-Choice Questions

Follow the procedures set up by the Regional Information Center, the Large City Scanning Center, and/or the school district for scoring the multiple-choice questions. If the student's responses for the multiple-choice questions are being hand scored prior to being scanned, the scorer must be careful not to make any marks on the answer sheet except to record the scores in the designated score boxes. Any other marks on the answer sheet will interfere with the accuracy of scanning.

Multiple Choice for Part I Allow 1 credit for each correct response.

1 ......1...... 2 ......2...... 3 ......1...... 4 ......1...... 5 ......2...... 6 ......4...... 7 ......1...... 8 ......3...... 9 ......4...... 10 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

Part I

13 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . .

26 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . .

14 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . .

27 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . .

15 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . .

28 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . .

16 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

29 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

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30 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . .

18 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

31 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . .

19 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . .

32 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . .

20 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . .

33 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . .

21 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

34 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

22 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . .

35 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . .

23 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

36 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

24 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . .

37 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . .

25 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . .

38 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . .

39 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . .

Copyright 2018 -- The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Albany, New York 12234

Contents of the Rating Guide

For Part I (Multiple-Choice Questions): ? Scoring Key

For Part II (thematic) essay: ? A content-specific rubric ? Prescored answer papers. Score levels 5 and 1 have two papers each, and score levels 4, 3, and 2 have

three papers each. They are ordered by score level from high to low. ? Commentary explaining the specific score awarded to each paper ? Five prescored practice papers

General: ? Test Specifications ? Web addresses for the test-specific conversion chart and teacher evaluation forms

Mechanics of Rating

The following procedures are to be used in rating essay papers for this examination. More detailed directions for the organization of the rating process and procedures for rating the examination are included in the Information Booklet for Scoring the Regents Examination in United States History and Government.

Rating the Essay Question

(1) Follow your school's procedures for training raters. This process should include:

Introduction to the task-- ? Raters read the task ? Raters identify the answers to the task ? Raters discuss possible answers and summarize expectations for student responses

Introduction to the rubric and anchor papers-- ? Trainer leads review of specific rubric with reference to the task ? Trainer reviews procedures for assigning holistic scores, i.e., by matching evidence from the response

to the rubric ? Trainer leads review of each anchor paper and commentary

Practice scoring individually-- ? Raters score a set of five papers independently without looking at the scores and commentaries

provided ? Trainer records scores and leads discussion until the raters feel confident enough to move on to

actual rating

(2) When actual rating begins, each rater should record his or her individual rating for a student's essay on the rating sheet provided, not directly on the student's essay or answer sheet. The rater should not correct the student's work by making insertions or changes of any kind.

(3) Each essay must be rated by at least two raters; a third rater will be necessary to resolve scores that differ by more than one point.

Schools are not permitted to rescore any of the open-ended questions (scaffold questions, thematic essay, DBQ essay) on this exam after each question has been rated the required number of times as specified in the rating guides, regardless of the final exam score. Schools are required to ensure that the raw scores have been added correctly and that the resulting scale score has been determined accurately. Teachers may not score their own students' answer papers.

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United States History and Government Content-Specific Rubric Thematic Essay August 2018

Theme:

Supreme Court Decisions

The United States Supreme Court has issued decisions that have defined the constitutional rights of individuals and groups of people. These decisions by the Court have had a great impact on the nation.

Task:

Select two United States Supreme Court cases and for each ? Describe the historical circumstances surrounding the case ? Explain the Court's decision ? Discuss the impact of the Court's decision on the United States or on American society

You may use any appropriate Supreme Court case from your study of United States history. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include Worcester v. Georgia (1832), Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), Korematsu v. United States (1944), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Engel v. Vitale (1962), Miranda v. Arizona (1966), Roe v. Wade (1973), and New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985).

You are not limited to these suggestions.

Scoring Notes:

1. This thematic essay has a minimum of six components (for each of two Supreme Court cases, discussing the historical circumstances surrounding the case, the decision in the case, and the impact of the decision on the United States or on American society).

2. The historical circumstances surrounding each case may describe either the narrower facts of the particular case or the wider issues of the time period leading up to the case, or a combination of both.

3. The impact of the Court's decision on the United States may be immediate or long term. 4. The response may discuss the impact of the Supreme Court's decision from any perspective as long

as the position taken is supported by accurate facts and examples. 5. If related cases such as Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka are chosen,

one may be used to discuss the other as long as the response includes additional distinct and separate information for each. 6. If cases with similar issues are chosen, the discussion of their impact may share a general theme, but the discussion must include separate and distinct information for each, e.g., Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona both expanded the rights of accused criminals but Gideon mandated that counsel be provided to indigent defendants and Miranda mandated that suspects be informed of their rights before interrogation. 7. If more than two Supreme Court decisions are discussed, only the first two decisions may be scored.

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Score of 5: ? Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by discussing the historical

circumstances surrounding each of two Supreme Court cases, the decision in each case, and the impact of each decision on the United States or on American society ? Is more analytical than descriptive (analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates* information), e.g., Plessy v. Ferguson: connects the end of Reconstruction, the triumph of Redeemers in the South, and the enactment of Jim Crow laws that ensured white supremacy to the Supreme Court's decision that established the doctrine of "separate but equal" by ruling that segregated railway cars did not violate "equal protection of the law," thus legitimizing segregation in public facilities, perpetuating racism, and affirming the second-class status of African Americans; Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: connects "separate but equal" southern schools, the disparity in the education of African American students, and post?World War II activism to the Supreme Court's decision that overturned "separate but equal" in public schools, citing their inherent inequality and energizing the civil rights movement by initiating federal action to force the integration of schools and other public facilities ? Richly supports the theme with many relevant facts, examples, and details, e.g., Plessy v. Ferguson: 14th amendment; withdrawal of federal troops; mixed race; Louisiana; "Colored Only" signs; inferior bathrooms, drinking fountains, schools; Ku Klux Klan; lynching; Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise; policy upheld until mid?20th century civil rights movement; Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: Jim Crow laws; NAACP; Thurgood Marshall; Chief Justice Earl Warren; judicial activism; unanimous decision; 14th amendment; psychological effects of segregation; "with all deliberate speed"; President Eisenhower; troops to Little Rock, Arkansas; 1964 Civil Rights Act; Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. United States; busing to achieve racial balance; de facto vs. de jure segregation; President Barack Obama ? Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization, includes an introduction and a conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme

Score of 4: ? Develops all aspects of the task but may do so somewhat unevenly by discussing all aspects of the

task for one Supreme Court case more thoroughly than the second Supreme Court case or by discussing one aspect of the task less thoroughly than the other aspects ? Is both descriptive and analytical (applies, analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates* information), e.g., Plessy v. Ferguson: discusses how the end of Reconstruction led Southern states to enact Jim Crow laws that segregated African Americans, how the Supreme Court decision upheld the constitutionality of segregated railway cars as "separate but equal," and how the ruling relegated African Americans to inferior facilities and kept them as second-class citizens; Brown v. Board of Education: discusses how the "separate but equal" doctrine kept African American children in segregated and inferior schools throughout the South, how the Supreme Court ruled that racial separation in schools was unconstitutional and harmful to minority students, and how the decision led to further federal action to desegregate schools and to the civil rights movement ? Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details ? Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme

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Score of 3: ? Develops all aspects of the task with little depth or develops at least four aspects of the task in

some depth ? Is more descriptive than analytical (applies, may analyze and/or evaluate information) ? Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some minor inaccuracies ? Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization, includes an introduction and a conclusion that

may be a restatement of the theme

Note: If all aspects of the task are thoroughly developed evenly and in depth for one Supreme Court case and if the response meets most of the other Level 5 criteria, the overall response may be a Level 3 paper.

Score of 2: ? Minimally develops all aspects of the task or develops at least three aspects of the task in some

depth ? Is primarily descriptive; may include faulty, weak, or isolated application or analysis ? Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some inaccuracies ? Demonstrates a general plan of organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions; may not

clearly identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an introduction and/or a conclusion

Score of 1: ? Minimally develops some aspects of the task ? Is descriptive; may lack understanding, application, or analysis ? Includes few relevant facts, examples, or details; may include inaccuracies ? May demonstrate a weakness in organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions; may not

clearly identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an introduction and/or a conclusion

Score of 0: Fails to develop the task or may only refer to the theme in a general way; OR includes no relevant facts, examples, or details; OR includes only the theme, task, or suggestions as copied from the test booklet; OR is illegible; OR is a blank paper

*The term create as used by Anderson/Krathwohl, et al. in their 2001 revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives refers to the highest level of the cognitive domain. This usage of create is similar to Bloom's use of the term synthesis. Creating implies an insightful reorganization of information into a new pattern or whole. While a Level 5 paper will contain analysis and/or evaluation of information, a very strong paper may also include examples of creating information as defined by Anderson and Krathwohl.

All sample student essays in this rating guide are presented in the same cursive font while preserving actual student work, including errors. This will ensure that the sample essays are easier for raters to read and use as scoring aids.

Raters should continue to disregard the quality of a student's handwriting in scoring examination papers and focus on how well the student has accomplished the task. The contentspecific rubric should be applied holistically in determining the level of a student's response.

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Anchor Paper ? Thematic Essay--Level 5 ? A

The United States Supreme Court, the highest authority in our nation's judicial branch of government, has played a quiet but decisive role in the legal history of the republic. Ever since the affirmative expansion of the Supreme Court to render a judicial review of legislation in the groundbreaking Marbury v Madison case in 1803, the Justices of the Supreme Court have issued significant decisions defining the rights of the individual or groups in society. This idea is exemplified by Worcester v Georgia in 1832 and Plessy v Ferguson in 1896, both concerning the rights of minority groups in American history.

Beginning in the early 1800s, the United States government began a policy of Indian resettlement. The government, after the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France, actively tried to remove the Native Americans that had originally inhabited what became the eastern United States. This led to conflict between the Native Americans and the fledgling American republic. Wars and insurrections were fought between these parties, such as in the War of 1812 and the Seminole War. However, the Cherokee tribe, a mostly modern Native American tribe dwelling in Georgia, was different. The Cherokee had adopted many European customs and manners, appearing much like "civilized" whites and had a society similar to American society. When the state of Georgia during Andrew Jackson's presidency, tried to pass laws controlling the Cherokees on their lands, the Cherokee responded by taking the issue to court. In the landmark case, Worcester v Georgia, Chief Justice John Marshall declared that states have no power to make laws interfering with treaties between the Cherokees and the United States. Georgia, with Jackson's

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Anchor Paper ? Thematic Essay--Level 5 ? A

encouragement, had violated a treaty with Cherokee leaders. The court decided that the Native American tribes were independent nations in their own right and should be treated fairly with diplomacy. One of the primary reasons for Marshall's decision was that he, a pro Federalist, wanted to promote a strong federal government over the states. He therefore opposed Georgia's actions toward the Cherokee because the Cherokee were under federal, not state rule. This victory was significant for it had been the first time the Native Americans had "a man in the fight" against American citizens, recognizing the Native tribes as nations. However, Andrew Jackson responded to this decision by ignoring the Supreme Court and Jackson's successor sent soldiers to Georgia forcefully removing the Cherokee to Indian territory (Oklahoma). In this famous march known as the "trail of tears" thousands of Cherokee died of hunger or hypothermia. In the long term, despite ruling in favor of the Native Americans, the inability of the Court to stop the President, allowed the United States government to continue its expansion policy in the West, making it a defacto right for the government to order the Native Americans off tribal holdings, leading to the eventual placement of Native Americans to reservations.

In the aftermath of the American Civil War, the United States federal government, with the 13th, 14th and 15th amendment abolished slavery and gave African Americans the right to vote and United States citizenship. In the eyes of the law, they were equal in rights to a white man. However, the people in the South actively refuted the changes by instituting White Supremacy laws targeting African Americans, like those limiting their ability to vote via tests. African

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Anchor Paper ? Thematic Essay--Level 5 ? A

Americans were kept from integrating into white society by visits from the Ku Klux Klan and by laws segregating African American facilities from white facilities, known as Jim Crow laws. The issue arose over the practice of Jim Crow laws on railroad cars in Plessy v Ferguson in 1896. The ultimate decision of the case, ignited the racial tensions in the American South over the policy of segregation and the Constitution. The court ruled separate but equal did not violate the 14th amendment despite their being isolated from white society. The court decided that laws to segregate the races were a reasonable use of state power. This was negative in the long term for African Americans because it limited them to inferior facilities and made them second class citizens. Although the ruling in Plessy v Ferguson was overturned regarding public schools by the 1954 Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the damage to African Americans rights in the south left its mark on history by validating discrimination. The government has done little to address defacto segregation and the legacy of racism still troubles the country.

The Supreme Court plays a major role in influencing society through their decisions. Worcester v Georgia showed the inability of the court to stop President Jackson's policy on Native Americans while Plessy v Ferguson upheld racism in the South and delayed civil rights.

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