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Relationships Essay Plan Pack

Short-Answer Questions

Sexual selection and human reproductive behaviour

1. Explain what is meant by sexual selection [2 marks]

2. Explain why physical attractiveness is valued in females [2 marks]

3. Outline an evolutionary explanation for partner preferences. Explain one limitation of an evolutionary explanation for partner preferences. [6 marks]

4. Explain how body symmetry and waist-to-hip ratio can be qualities of attractiveness [4 marks]

5. Outline male and female strategies to maximise opportunities for mating success [6 marks]

6. What is intra-sexual and inter-sexual selection? [4 marks]

7. Outline one evolutionary explanation of partner preference [4 marks]

8. Outline an evolutionary explanation for partner preferences. Explain one limitation of an evolutionary explanation for partner preferences. [6 marks]

Factors affecting attraction

(Self-disclosure)

1. Which two of A, B, C, D and E are important factors in attraction according to the filter theory of attraction? Write the two correct letters in your answer book. [2 marks]

A Personal compliments

B Profit and loss

C Self-disclosure

D Similarity in attitude

E Social demography

2. In relation to factors affecting attraction in romantic relationships, explain what is meant by the term self-disclosure [2 marks]

3. Briefly outline self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships [4 marks]

4. Describe research into self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships.

(Physical Attractiveness)

1. In relation to factors affecting attraction in relationships, explain what is meant by the matching hypothesis [2 marks]

2. Outline physical attractiveness as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships [4 marks]

3. Outline the matching hypothesis as an explanation of factors affecting attraction in romantic relationships [6 marks]

(Filter Theory)

1. In relation to the filter theory of romantic relationships, explain what is meant by the terms social demography and complementarity [2 marks + 2 marks]

2. Outline the filter theory of romantic relationships [4 marks]

3. Briefly explain two limitations of the filter theory of romantic relationships [2 marks + 2 marks]

4. Which of these options is not a filter described in the filter theory of relationship [1 mark]

a. Complementarity

b. Desirability

c. Social demography

d. Similarity in attitudes

Theories of romantic relationships

(Social exchange theory)

1. Explain what is meant by the term social exchange in relation to romantic relationships [2 marks]

2. Briefly outline the social exchange theory of romantic relationships [4 marks]

3. Outline one study of social exchange theory [4 marks]

(Equity Theory)

1. Briefly outline what is meant by ‘equity’ in relation to theories of romantic relationships. [2 marks]

2. Briefly outline the equity theory of romantic relationships [4 marks]

3. Outline one study of equity theory [4 marks]

(Rusbult’s Investment Model)

1. In relation to the investment model of romantic relationships, explain wat is meant by terms investment and comparison with alternatives [2 marks + 2 marks]

2. Briefly outline Rusbult’s investment model of romantic relationships [4 marks]

3. Distinguish between Rusbult’s investment model and social exchange theory [6 marks]

(Duck’s Phase Model)

1. Briefly outline Duck’s phase model of relationship breakdown [4 marks]

2. Identify and discuss one stage in Duck’s model relationship breakdown [4 marks]

3. Evaluate Duck’s phase model of relationship breakdown [6 marks]

Barbara and Jamima are both having relationship difficulties with their respective partners. Barbara says, ‘I’m really fed up and I wish the relationship was over. But I can’t tell him, because he thinks everything is fine.’ Jamima says, ‘We are getting through it slowly. We’ve told the children what’s going to happen to them and sorted out the money side. My mum was upset but she’s OK about it now. Friends take sides of course.’

4. Referring to Barbara’s and Jamima’s comments, outline two phases of relationship breakdown proposed by Duck. [4 marks]

Virtual relationships

1. In relation to virtual relationships, explain what is meant by self-disclosure [2 marks]

2. What is gating? [1 mark]

3. Describe Joinson’s study into self-disclosure [4 marks]

4. Explain how the absence of gating may affect virtual relationships [4 marks]

5. Outline research into self-disclosure in virtual relationships [4 marks]

Parasocial relationships

1. Discuss the attachment theory explanation for parasocial relationships. Refer to the likely findings of the study above in your answer. [8 marks]

2. Outline the three levels of parasocial relationships [3 marks]

3. Explain what is meant by levels of parasocial relationships [4 marks]

4. Outline the absorption-addiction model of parasocial relationships [4 marks]

5. Outline the attachment theory explanation of parasocial relationships [4 marks]

Essay Questions

|Question |AO1 |AO3 |

|Describe and evaluate two or more theories |AO1: |AO3: |

|of the formation of romantic relationships.| | |

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|Discuss the influence of childhood and/or |AO1: |AO3: |

|adolescent experiences on adult | | |

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|Discuss research into the breakdown of |AO1: |AO3: (Example of research) |

|romantic relationships (16 marks). | | |

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|Discuss the relationship between sexual |AO1: |AO3: |

|selection and human reproductive behaviour | | |

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|Outline and evaluate one theory of the |AO1: |AO3: |

|formation of romantic relationships (12 | | |

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|Outline and evaluate one theory of the |AO1: |AO3: |

|maintenance of romantic relationships (12 | | |

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|Discuss research into the influence of |AO1: |AO3: (Example of research) |

|culture on romantic relationships. (12 | | |

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|Discuss theories of the formation and/or |AO1: |AO3: |

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|Discuss what psychological research has |AO1: |AO3: |

|told us about virtual relationships in | | |

|social media. [16 marks] | | |

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|To what extent does research evidence |AO1: |AO3: |

|support the evolutionary explanation of | | |

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|behaviour [12 marks] |AO1: |AO3: |

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|Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a |AO1: |AO3: |

|factor affecting attraction in romantic | | |

|relationships [16 marks] | | |

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|Discuss physical attractiveness as a factor|AO1: |AO3: |

|affecting attraction in romantic | | |

|relationships [16 marks] | | |

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|Describe and evaluate the filter theory of |AO1: |AO3: |

|romantic relationships [16 marks] | | |

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|Describe and evaluate the social exchange |AO1: |AO3: |

|theory of romantic relationships [16 marks]| | |

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|Discuss the equity theory of romantic |AO1: |AO3: |

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|Describe and evaluate Rusbult’s investment |AO1: |AO3: |

|model of romantic relationships [16 marks] | | |

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|Describe and evaluate one or more |AO1: |AO3: |

|explanations of parasocial relationships | | |

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