Student Outline Unit 1: Foundations of American Government ...
Student Outline Unit 1: Foundations of American Government (C&G 1.1, 1.2)
Unit Objective: Analyze the foundations and development of American government in terms of principles and values.
Unit Concepts: Power, Authority, Democracy
Unit Vocabulary: Salutary Neglect, Mercantilism, Representative Democracy, Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, Hobbes, Boycott/protest, Taxation and representation
Essential Question C&G 1.2: How did the Enlightenment and other contributing theories impact the writing of the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution and Bill of Rights to help promote liberty, justice, and equality?
Section A
Development of English Democracy
1) Magna Carta (1215): ________________________________________________________________
*leads to the development of the English Parliament (legislature=law making body)
*power shifting from King to Parliament over time
2) English Bill of Rights(1689): __________________________________________________________
*Guarantees free elections to Parliament, right to fair trial, elimination of cruel/unusual punishment
3) Common law: ______________________________________________________________________
Discussion Question?: Explain how power and authority changed in England from 1215 to 1689?
Section B
Enlightenment Influences on Democracy
Enlightenment: _______________________________________________________________________________
|Voltaire |Hobbes |Locke |Rousseau |Montesquieu |
| | | | | |
|Idea: ___________ |Idea: ___________ |Idea: natural or unalienable |Idea: ___________ |Idea: ___________ |
| | |rights | | |
|________________ |________________ |(_______________ |_________________ |_______________ |
| | | | | |
| |________________ |________________ |_________________ |________________ |
|Quote: I may disagree with what| | | | |
|you have to say, but I'll defend|Therefore |________________) |Idea: social contract theory | |
|to the death your right to say | | | |Idea: separation of powers |
|it. |________________ |(life, liberty, property) |*agreement between citizens | |
| | | |and government | |
| |________________ |Idea: social contract theory | | |
| | | | | |
| |________________ | | | |
Discussion Questions? Are these Enlightenment philosophies still applicable today?
Do these ideas go far enough, just right, or too far?
Should these idea be altered or changed to fit today’s global society?
Europeans who colonize America bring ideas of limited government, a legislature more powerful than a king, and Enlightenment philosophies with them and will incorporate those ideas into many of our country’s founding documents.
Essential Question C&G 1.1: How did tensions over power and authority lead America’s founding fathers to develop a constitutional democracy?
Section C
Early Colonial America
1) Jamestown, VA (1607): _______________________________________________________________
*economy based on agriculture
*first slaves brought in 1619
2) House of Burgesses (1619): ___________________________________________________________
*ideas of the enlightenment
*representative democracy
Section D
Sources of Discontent
1) Salutary Neglect: ___________________________________________________________________
*England realizes it is losing too much money and tightens up control---ends after French and Indian War
*Impact?
2) Mercantilism: ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
*country’s power depends on its wealth
*export more than you import
*enforced by the Navigation Acts of 1660s
*Impact?
3) Colonists are not viewed/treated as full-fledge English citizens
4) French and Indian War: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
*Albany Plan of Union: __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
*Economic consequences of war: colonists are forced to pay for it
**********No taxation without representation**********
*Impact?
5) Stamp Act: England forces all legal documents to be stamped with an official stamp to pay for French and Indian War---first tax imposed by the British on the Colonists
*Impact? Stamp Act leads to boycotts: _____________________________________________
6) Colonial protests: colonists protest many of the laws England passes, and England passes tougher laws
7) Boston Massacre: ___________________________________________________________________
*Visual recreations are examples of propaganda
*Sons of Liberty forms: support the ideas of independence and the revolution
8) Boston Tea Party: colonists protest English tax on tea by dumping tea in Boston Harbor
*Impact? England responds by passing the Coercive/Intolerable Acts closing Boston Harbor
Section E
Revolution
1) First Continental Congress(1774): colonial representatives wrote King George III demanding their rights be restored; agreed to meet a year later if their demand not met
2) Battles of Lexington and Concord: ____________________________________________________
*Shot heard round the world----why?
3) Second Continental Congress(1775): ___________________________________________________
*Thomas Paine’s Common Sense: encouraged independence from England
*Declaration of Independence (1776): _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4) Yorktown: _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Section F
1st Government
Discussion questions? What type of government do we have?
Have we always had this form of government?
What is democracy?
Constitutional Democracy: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Discussion Question: What does a constitution do?
Articles of Confederation: _______________________________________________________________
*power was centered with ________________________________________________
*it was a ____________________ constitution
*not easily amended
*impact?
Shays’ Rebellion: ______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Discussion Question: Was the first government of the United States effective? Why or why not?
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