Biology 231 - Anatomy and Physiology I
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 1 (BI 121)
Muscle List
Muscles of the Head and Neck
|Muscle |Origin(s) |Insertion(s) |Action(s) |
|frontalis |cranial aponeurosis |skin of eyebrows |raises eyebrows |
|orbicularis oculi |frontal bone and maxilla |skin around eyes/eyelids |blinks and closes eye |
|orbicularis oris |maxilla and mandible |skin and muscle at corner of mouth |puckers lips |
|buccinator |maxilla and mandible |orbicularis oris |compresses cheek |
|zygomaticus |zygomatic bone |skin and muscles at corner of mouth|elevates corner of mouth (smiling) |
|masseter |temporal bone |mandible |closes jaw and elevates mandible |
|temporalis |temporal bone |mandible |closes jaw and elevates mandible |
|platysma |fascia of chest and deltoid |mandible and muscle at corner of |depresses mandible, pulls lower lip|
| | |mouth |back and down |
|sternocleidomastoid |sternum and clavicle |mastoid process of temporal bone |flexes neck, rotates head |
Trunk Muscles
|Muscle |Origin(s) |Insertion(s) |Action(s) |
|pectoralis major |clavicle, sternum , & ribs (1-6) |greater tubercle of humerus |flexes, adducts, & medially rotates|
| | | |humerus |
|external intercostals |inferior border of each rib |superior border of the next rib |elevates ribs during inspiration |
|internal intercostals |superior border of each rib |inferior border of the previous rib|draws ribs together during |
| | | |expiration |
|rectus abdominus |pubis |sternum and costal cartilages of |flexes vertebral column |
| | |ribs 5-7 | |
|external oblique |lower 8 ribs |Iliac crest of ilium |flexes vertebral column, rotate and|
| | | |laterally flexes the trunk |
|internal oblique |Iliac crest of ilium |costal cartilages of last 3 ribs |flexes vertebral column, rotate and|
| | | |laterally flexes the trunk |
|transversus abdominus |iliac crest and last 5-6 ribs |pubis |compresses abdomen |
|trapezius |occipital bone & all cervical & |clavicle & scapula |extends neck, adducts and |
| |thoracic vertebrae | |stabilizes scapula, |
|latissimus dorsi |lower 3-4 ribs, spine of lower |intertubercular groove of humerus |extends, adducts, & medially |
| |vertebrae, and iliac crest | |rotates humerus |
|erector spinae |sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 3-12, |ribs, thoracic and cervical |extends vertebral column |
| |various vertebrae |vertebrae | |
Muscles of the Arm
|Muscle |Origin(s) |Insertion(s) |Action(s) |
|deltoid |clavicle & scapula |deltoid tuberosity |abducts humerus |
|biceps brachii |coracoids process of scapula |radial tuberosity |flexes at elbow & supinates forearm|
|triceps brachii |scapula & humerus |olecranon process |extends at elbow |
|flexors |humerus |carpals and metacarpals |flexes & abducts or adducts wrist |
|extensors |humerus |metacarpals |extends & abducts or adducts wrist |
Muscles of the Hip
|Muscle |Origin(s) |Insertion(s) |Action(s) |
|iliopsoas |vertebrae (T12-L5) and iliac fossa |lesser trochanter |flexes at hip & flexes lumbar spine|
|adductors |ischium and pubis |proximal femur |adduct thigh |
|gluteus maximus |ilium, sacrum, & coccyx |proximal femur |extends and laterally rotates thigh|
|gluteus medius |ilium |proximal femur |abducts and medially rotates thigh |
Muscles of the Thigh
|Muscle |Origin(s) |Insertion(s) |Action(s) |
|sartorius |anterior superior iliac spine |tibia |flexes at knee, flexes and |
| | | |laterally rotates thigh |
|rectus femoris |ilium (anterior inferior spine) & |tibial tuberosity via patellar |extends knee & flexes thigh at hip |
| |rim of acetabulum |tendon | |
|vastus medialis |femur |tibial tuberosity |extends knee |
|vastus lateralis |greater trochanter of femur |tibial tuberosity |extends knee |
|vastus intermedius |femur |tibial tuberosity |extends knee |
|biceps femoris |ischial tuberosity and distal femur|lateral condyle of tibia and head |extends thigh and laterally flexes |
| | |of fibula |at knee |
|semimembranosus |ischial tuberosity |proximal tibia |extends thigh, flexes at knee, and |
| | | |medially rotates leg |
|semitendinosus |ischial tuberosity |proximal tibia |extends thigh, flexes at knee, and |
| | | |medially rotates leg |
Muscles of the Leg
|Muscle |Origin(s) |Insertion(s) |Action(s) |
|tibialis anterior |lateral condyle of tibia |base of 1st metatarsal & median |dorsiflexes & inverts foot |
| | |cuneiform bone | |
|peroneus muscles |proximal fibula |metatarsals of foot |plantar flex and evert foot |
|gastrocnemius |medial and lateral condyles of |calcaneous via calcaneal tendon |plantar flexes, inverts, & adducts |
| |femur | |foot, flexes knee |
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