Life Science Teacher’s Edition (TE)
[Pages:472]Life Science Teacher's Edition (TE)
CK-12 Foundation February 12, 2010
CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, webbased collaborative model termed the "FlexBook," CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning.
Copyright ?2009 CK-12 Foundation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit by-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
Contents
1 Introduction to Life Science (TE)
11
1.1 Life Science: Teacher's Edition (TE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2 The Teacher's Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.3 Teaching Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4 Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2 Standards
23
3 Introduction to Life Science (TE)
49
3.1 Unit 1: Understanding Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4 TE Studying Life
51
4.1 Chapter 1: Studying Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.2 Lesson 1.1: The Nature of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.3 Lesson 1.2: The Scientific Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.4 Lesson 1.3: Tools of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.5 Lesson 1.4: Safety in Scientific Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.6 The 5E Instructional Model: A Studying Life Concept Map . . . . . . . . . 73
4.7 Worksheet Answer Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5 TE Introduction to Living Organisms
77
5.1 Chapter 2: Introduction to Living Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.2 Lesson 2.1: What are Living Things? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3
5.3 Lesson 2.2: Chemicals of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.4 Lesson 2.3: Classification of Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
6 Introduction to Life Science (TE)
95
6.1 Unit 2: The Building Blocks of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7 TE Cells and Their Structures
97
7.1 Chapter 3: Cells and Their Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
7.2 Lesson 3.1: Introduction to Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.3 Lesson 3.2: Cell Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
8 TE Cell Functions
113
8.1 Chapter 4: Cell Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
8.2 Lesson 4.1: Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
8.3 Lesson 4.2: Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
8.4 Lesson 4.3: Cellular Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
9 TE Cell Division, Reproduction, and DNA
127
9.1 Chapter 5: Cell Division, Reproduction, and DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
9.2 Lesson 5.1: Cell Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.3 Lesson 5.2: Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
9.4 Lesson 5.3: DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.5 Worksheet Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
10 Introduction to Life Science (TE)
141
10.1 Unit 3: Genetics and Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
11 TE Genetics
143
11.1 Chapter 6: Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
11.2 Lesson 6.1: Gregor Mendel and the Foundations of Genetics . . . . . . . . . 147
11.3 Lesson 6.2: Modern Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4
11.4 Lesson 6.3: Human Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 11.5 Lesson 6.4: Genetic Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 11.6 Review Answer Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 11.7 Worksheet Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
12 TE Evolution
153
12.1 Chapter 7: Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
12.2 Lesson 7.1: Evolution by Natural Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
12.3 Lesson 7.2: Evidence of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
12.4 Lesson 7.3: Macroevolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
12.5 Lesson 7.4: History of Life on Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
12.6 Worksheet Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
13 Introduction to Life Science (TE)
173
13.1 Unit 4: Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi, and Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
14 TE Prokaryotes
175
14.1 Chapter 8: Prokaryotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
14.2 Lesson 8.1: Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
14.3 Lesson 8.2: Archaea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
15 TE Protists and Fungi
189
15.1 Chapter 9: Protists and Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
15.2 Lesson 9.1: Protists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
15.3 Lesson 9.2: Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
16 TE Plants
203
16.1 Chapter 10: Protists and Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
16.2 Lesson 10.1: Introduction to Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
16.3 Lesson 10.2: Seedless Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
16.4 Lesson 10.3: Seed Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
5
16.5 Lesson 10.4: Plant Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
17 Introduction to Life Science (TE)
225
17.1 Unit 5: The Animal Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
18 TE Introduction to Invertebrates
227
18.1 Chapter 11: Introduction to Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
18.2 Lesson 11.1: Overview of Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
18.3 Lesson 11.2: Sponges and Cnidarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
18.4 Lesson 11.3: Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
19 TE Other Invertebrates
237
19.1 Chapter 12: Other Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
19.2 Lesson 12.1: Mollusks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
19.3 Lesson 12.2: Echinoderms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
19.4 Lesson 12.3: Arthropods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
19.5 Lesson 12.4: Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
19.6 Review Answers Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
20 TE Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
251
20.1 Chapter 13: Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
20.2 Lesson 13.1: Introduction to Vertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
20.3 Lesson 13.2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
20.4 Lesson 13.3: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
20.5 Lesson 13.4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
20.6 Review Answers Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
21 TE Birds and Mammals
265
21.1 Chapter 14: Birds and Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
21.2 Lesson 14.1: Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
21.3 Lesson 14.2: Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
6
21.4 Lesson 14.3: Primates and Humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
22 TE Behavior of Animals
291
22.1 Chapter 15: Behavior of Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
22.2 Lesson 15.1: Understanding Animal Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
22.3 Lesson 15.2: Types of Animal Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
23 Introduction to Life Science (TE)
305
23.1 Unit 6: The Human Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
24 TE Skin, Bones, and Muscles
307
24.1 Chapter 16: Skin, Bones, and Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
24.2 Lesson 16.1: Organization of Your Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
24.3 Lesson 16.2: The Integumentary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
24.4 Lesson 16.3: The Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
24.5 Lesson 16.4: The Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
25 TE Food and the Digestive System
329
25.1 Chapter 17: Food and the Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
25.2 Lesson 17.1: Food and Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
25.3 Lesson 17.2: Choosing Healthy Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
25.4 Lesson 17.3: Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
26 TE Cardiovascular System
347
26.1 Chapter 18: Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
26.2 Lesson 18.1: Introduction to the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
26.3 Lesson 18.2: Heart and Blood Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
26.4 Lesson 18.3: Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
26.5 Lesson 18.4: Health of the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
27 TE Respiratory and Excretory Systems
7
377
27.1 Chapter 19: Respiratory and Excretory Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 27.2 Review Answers Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
28 TE Controlling the Body
381
28.1 Chapter 20: Controlling the Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
28.2 Lesson 20.1: The Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
28.3 Lesson 20.2: The Eyes and Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
28.4 Lesson 20.3: Other Senses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
28.5 Review Answers Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
29 TE Diseases and the Body's Defenses
399
29.1 Chapter 21: Diseases and the Body's Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
29.2 Lesson 21.1: Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
29.3 Lesson 21.2: Noninfectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
29.4 Lesson 21.3: First Two Lines of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
29.5 Lesson 21.4: Immune System Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
30 TE Reproductive Systems and Life Stages
427
30.1 Chapter 22: Reproductive Systems and Life Stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
30.2 Review Answers Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
31 Introduction to Life Science (TE)
433
31.1 Unit 7: Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
32 TE From Populations to the Biosphere
435
32.1 Chapter 23: From Populations to the Biosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
32.2 Review Answers Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
33 TE Ecosystem Dynamics
441
33.1 Chapter 24: Ecosystem Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
33.2 Review Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
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