84 THINGS YOU MUST KNOW FOR THE EOC



80 THINGS YOU MUST KNOW FOR THE EOG!

POETRY & LITERARY TERMS

1. simile -- shows a comparison between two unlike things by the use of such words as like, as, as if, than

(He eats like a bird)

2. metaphor -- an implied comparison of two different things, accomplished by saying that one thing IS the other

thing (Your life is a long winding road)

3. personification—words that give human qualities to non-human things (The car aimed ahead its parking lights)

4. hyperbole -- a deliberate exaggeration in order to make a point (I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!)

5. oxymoron -- a figure of speech that combines two opposite ideas (sweet sorrow, jumbo shrimp, feather of lead)

6. onomatopoeia -- using a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning (swoosh, buzz, yelp, sizzle)

7. alliteration -- the repetition of similar consonant sounds (Sue sells sea shells down by the seashore)

8. figurative language—language that is not intended to be taken in the literal sense (metaphor, simile, hyperbole, idiom,

personification; all these fall into the category of figurative language)

9. idiom -- an expression with meaning other than the literal (It’s raining cats and dogs)

10. imagery -- language that appeals to any sense or a combination (visual, hearing, smell, touch, etc.)

11. speaker -- the person who is narrating (telling the story) to you

12. meter -- a generally regular pattern of stressed & unstressed syllables in poetry

13. assonance -- repetition of vowel sounds (How now brown cow; The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain)

14. consonance -- repetition of consonant sounds (like alliteration, but without the requirement that the sounds fall at

the beginning of each successive word)

15. stanza -- two or more lines grouped together in a poem

16. rhythm -- a pattern of reoccurrence in a poem, happens regularly

TYPES OF POETRY

17. sonnet -- a 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter in an established rhyme scheme

18. lyric poem -- a highly musical verse that expresses observations & feelings of a single speaker

19. free verse -- poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter

20. haiku -- a 3-line verse form; the 1st & 3rd lines each have 5 syllables; the 2nd line has 7 syllables

21. ballad -- a songlike poem that tells a story, often one dealing with adventure, romance, and/or death

22. narrative poem—a poem that tells a story

23. limerick -- a 5-line poem (which is usually funny); the 1st, 2nd, & 5th lines rhyme and the 3rd & 4th lines rhyme

STORY AND DRAMA TERMS; TYPES OF WRITING

24. dialect -- language specific to a region or group, identifiable by grammar, pronunciation or vocabulary

25. folklore -- a story used to show a particular culture’s beliefs, values, history, and myths

26. anecdote -- a brief story about an interesting, amusing, or strange event, told to make a point

27. drama -- a story acted out, usually on a stage, by actors who takes the parts of characters

28. myth -- a fictional tale that explains the actions of gods or the causes of natural phenomena (Why the

sun crosses the sky, for example)

29. dialogue -- conversation between two or more characters

30. monologue -- a long, uninterrupted speech on stage, spoken to others characters

31. bias -- prejudice, favoritism, unfair advantage

32. foreshadowing -- the use of hints or clues in a story which suggests an action that is to come

33. flashback -- a storytelling technique that “flashes back” to a previous incident in order to explain the present

34. symbolism -- using symbols to represent and alternate meaning

35. protagonist -- the main character in a story; the story’s hero; the “good guy”

36. antagonist -- a character or force in the story in conflict with the main character

37. analogy -- like a simile or metaphor, but it goes further (in length) to compare one thing or event to another

38. allusion -- a reference in one piece of literature made to another work of literature (Charge of The Light Brigade

reference to the Crimean War)

39. memoir -- an account of personal experiences, autobiography

40. editorial -- an article stating an opinion, normally found in a newspaper or magazine

41. essay -- a short nonfiction work about a particular subject, often giving an opinion

42. theme -- the main point, lesson, or moral of a story

43. tone -- the author’s attitude toward the subject written about

44. mood -- the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage

45. conflict -- a struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a story

46. rising action -- a series of conflicts in the story which leads to the climax

47. climax -- the turning point or point of highest interest in a story; the point of “no turning back”

48. falling action -- action that occurs in the plot after the climax

49. resolution -- the end of the central conflict

50. audience -- the reader, viewer, or listener

51. prologue -- a beginning speech or introduction to a literary work (play, novel, short story, etc.)

52. epilogue -- a concluding or summarizing statement following the main body of a work

53. synopsis -- a brief summary of an event or of writing

54. irony -- a contrast between what you expect to happen and what actually does happen

THE POINTS-OF-VIEW IN STORY-TELLING:

55. 1ST-person narrator—the person telling the story is actually in the story (The narrator uses first-person pronouns of

I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours)

56. 3rd-person omniscient -- an all-knowing observer tells the story, describing all the characters and actions as well

as what these characters think and feel

57. 3rd-person limited -- a narrator who sees the world through only one person’s eyes and tells only

that one character’s thoughts

WORDS THAT JUST MIGHT APPEAR ON THE EOG:

58. genre -- a category of literature (fiction, poetry, drama, epic, short story, etc.)

59. plagiarism -- copying something (words) without giving credit to the author

60. context -- parts of a written or spoken statement that precede or follow a word or passage

61. dialect -- speech that represents a particular region or group; it is nonstandard, “imperfect” English

62. clarity -- clear; understandable

63. nostalgia -- a sentimental yearning for something in the past

64. cynical -- being distrustful of human nature and motives; extremely pessimistic

65. propaganda -- to publicly promote something, a product, policy, cause, or idea

66. cliché -- a trite, overused expression or phrase (She is as cute as a button)

67. trace -- to outline

68. synonym -- a word that has nearly the same meaning as another word

69. antonym -- an opposite, a word which means the opposite of another word (light and dark)

70. analyze -- to break something down

71. infer -- read between the lines for meaning

72. evaluate -- to judge

73. formulate -- to build or create something

74. describe -- to tell about something

75. support -- to back something up with evidence

76. explain -- to tell why

77. summarize -- the short version, main ideas

78. compare -- how things are alike

79. contrast -- how things are different

80. predict -- the future, what will happen

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