We-Thinking the Classroom
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| |1775 |
| |:Count Alessandro Volta produces static electricity by friction |
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| |1781 |
| |:Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg creates the Eidophusikon which uses moving pictures to represent natural phenomena |
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| |1791 |
| |:Luigi Galvani develops a theory of 'animal electricity' later called, 'Galvanic Electricity' |
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| |1794 |
| |:Robert Barker opens the first 'Panorama', a prototype of future cinemas |
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| |1801 |
| |:Thomas Young formulates the wave theory of light |
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| |1802 |
| |:Thomas Wedgewood produces silhouettes by use of siver nitrate but is unable to fix the images |
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| |1807 |
| |:Dr. William Hyde Wollaston invents the 'Camera Lucida' which projects the virtual image of an object onto a screen. |
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| |1808 |
| |:Humfrey Davy produces the first electric arc light |
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| |1824 |
| |:Peter Mark Roget discovers ability of retina to retain image for 1/20 - 1/5 of a second and invents the 'Thaumatrope' |
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| |1827 |
| |:Charles Wheatstone experiments with acoustics and designs a microphone |
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| |1830 |
| |:Michael Faraday passes electricity through vacuum tube |
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| |1832 |
| |Joseph Plateau invents a toy called the Phantascope which shows a series of staged drawings which are displayed on a spinning disc creating an illusion of |
| |motion is created. This is considered the first motion picture device |
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| |Simon Von Stampfer invents the stroboscope |
| |:Charles Wheatstone invents a non-photographic 'stereoscopic viewing device' |
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| |[pic] |
| |1834 |
| |:William George Horner patents the 'Daedelum' |
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| |Pierre Desvignes experiments with the Daedelum and produces the 'Zoetrope' consisting of a drum with equally spaced vertical slits (peepholes) down the side and|
| |a series of images on strip of paper showing a figure or object in graduating stages of motion - the beginning of the cinema |
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| |[pic] |
| |1843 |
| |:Alexander Bain patents the 'Pantelegraph' which is an electrical method for transmitting images over a distance. |
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| |1847 |
| |:Frederick Bakewell improves the Pantelegraph by using revolving drums covered with tin-foil for transmitting and receiving recorded pictures |
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| |1859 |
| |Thomas Du Mont patents the 'camera zootropica' which reproduces the phases of movement in 12 successive images |
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| |1861 |
| |:Oliver Wendell Holmes invents the 'stereoscope viewer' |
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| |1873 |
| |Joseph May and Willoughby Smith discover photoconductivity whiich transforms images into electrical signals. |
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| |1876 |
| |:Alexander Graham Bell invents the "telephone" |
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| |1862 |
| |:The pantelegraph is invented by Abbe Giovanna Caselli which transmits a still image over wire |
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| |1873 |
| |:Scientists May and Smith experiment with the photoconductivity of selenium and light and transforming images into electronic signals |
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| |[pic] |
| |1875 |
| |Ayrton and Perry of England experiment with electric picture systems |
| |Thomas Alva Edison invents the wax stencil mimeograph duplicator |
| |Intelligible speech transmitted by Alexander Graham Bell using a magnetic microphone |
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| |[pic] |
| |1876 |
| |George R Carey of Boston, USA invented a "selenium camera" which was a device that would allow people to "see by electricity." Other similar devices at the time|
| |were called telectroscopes. |
| |Eugen Goldstein experiments with cathode rays and used the term to describe the light emitted when an electric current was forced through a vacuum tube |
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| |[pic] |
| |1878 |
| |Sheldon Bidwell experiments with telephotography |
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| |Paul Nipkow patents the "electric telescope." |
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| |[pic] |
| |1879 |
| |Thomas Edison demonstrates the carbon filament light bulb |
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| |[pic] |
| |1880 |
| |1880: Denis Redmond builds the télescopie électrique (Electric Telescope) and transmits an image electrically |
| |Alexander Bell and Sumner Tainter experiment with the photophone seeking to use this device for image sending |
| |Maurice Leblanc pioneers the principles for color television |
| |Denis Redmond publishes the first book about television called 'La Telescopie Electrique' (The Electric Telescope). |
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| |1881 |
| |Sheldon Bidwell experiments with telephotography inventing the 'Scanning Phototelegraph' |
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| |1884 |
| |Paul Nipkow invents the "electric telescope", a scanning disk |
| |Thomas Edison discovers the 'Edison Effect' the basis for the electron tube |
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| |[pic] |
| |1893 |
| |One of the earliest examples of remote control was developed by Nikola Tesla |
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| |1894 |
| |Charles Francis Jenkins patents the phantascope, one of the first practical motion picture projection machines |
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| |[pic] |
| |1895 |
| |Louis and Auguste Lumière patent the cinematograph capable of projecting moving pictures and on December 28 show the first motion pictures at the Grand Cafe on |
| |the Boulevard Des Capucines |
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| |[pic] |
| |1896 |
| |Louis and Auguste Lumière patent the cinematograph capable of projecting moving pictures and on December 28 show the first motion pictures at the Grand Cafe on |
| |the Boulevard Des Capucines |
| |April 23: Thomas Edison shows the first motion pictures in the USA in Koster and Bial's Music Hall in New York |
| |September 2: Guglielmo Marconi granted the worlds first radio patent |
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| |1897 |
| |Heinrich Rudolph Hertz produces radio waves |
| |K.F. Braun invents the cathode-ray tube |
| |Thomas Edison continues experiments with motion pictures |
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| |1899 |
| |Thomas Edison and William Kennedy Laurie Dickson patent the Kinetoscope |
| |Julius Elster and Hans Friedrich Geitel successfully transmit static or luminous imagery |
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| |1900 |
| |Congress of Electricity held at the 1900 World's Fair in Paris |
| |Constantin Perskyi made the first known use of the word "television." |
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| |Scientists were looking at two methods - Mechanical television and Electronic television |
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| |1906 |
| |Lee de Forest invented the "Audion" vacuum tube with the ablity to amplify signals |
| |Boris Rosing combines Paul Nipkow's disk and a cathode ray tube and builds the first working mechanical TV system. |
| |Reginald Fessenden invents wireless telephony, a means for radio waves to carry signals a significant distance. |
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| |1907 |
| |1907: Campbell Swinton and Boris Rosing suggest using cathode ray tubes to transmit images via Electronic television |
| |Charles Jenkins and Scotsman John Baird experiment with the mechanical television model |
| |Philo Farnsworth experiment with the the electronic television model. |
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| |1909 |
| |1909 Nobel Prize awarded to Karl Ferdinand Braun and Guglielmo Marconi for the development of radio |
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| |1912 |
| |The Radio Act of 1912 limits broadcasting on radio stations to the 360m wavelength, which jams signals. |
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| |1922 |
| |Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents his iconscope television transmission tube leading the way for further advancement in the television |
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| |1924 |
| |1924 - 1925: American Charles Jenkins and John Baird from Scotland, each demonstrate the mechanical transmissions of images over wire circuits. Photo Left: |
| |Jenkin's Radiovisor Model 100 circa 1931, sold as a kit. Baird becomes the first person to transmit moving silhouette images using a mechanical system based on |
| |Nipkow's disk. Vladimir Zworykin patents a color television system. |
| |1924 |
| |l "Broadcast Listeners" Year Book forecasts 'The Wireless Musical Cinema' within two to three years. |
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| |[pic] |
| |1925 |
| |Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents the first television color tube |
| |October 30: The first moving image was transmitted (the famous grainy image of a ventriloquists dummy's head) |
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| |1927 |
| |April 9: Bell Laboratories and the Department of Commerce held the 1st long-distance transmission of a live picture and voice simultaneously. |
| |Philo Farnsworth patents the Image Dissector, the first complete electronic television system and transmits the first all-electronic television image |
| |John Logie Baird set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd making the first television programmes for the BBC |
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| |[pic] |
| |1928 |
| |Television is introduced in the United States |
| |The Federal Radio Commission issues the first television license (W3XK) to Charles Jenkins |
| |John Logie Baird beams a television image from England to the United States |
| |The first television set is sold. The Daven television cost $75. |
| |RCA begins work on large-screen television. |
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| |[pic] |
| |1929 |
| |Television is introduced in the United Kingdom and Germany |
| |John Logie Baird opens the first TV studio |
| |CBS was founded by William S. Paley |
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| |[pic] |
| |1930 |
| |1930: Charles Jenkins broadcasts the first TV commercial |
| |RCA demonstrate large screen television in New York |
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| |Ulysses A Sanabria gives a Cinema-television demonstration in Chicago |
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| |July 28: First UK public demonstration of large screen television given by John Logie Baird at the London Coliseum |
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| |[pic] |
| |1931 |
| |January 4 John Logie Baird demonstrates ‘zone television’, showing full-length figures and a cricket lesson by Herbert Strudwick. |
| |April 24: Lee De Forest files a US patent for a method of recording pictures, film or events |
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| |Television is introduced in France and the USSR |
| |By the end of 1931 there are nearly 40,000 television sets in the United States |
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| |[pic] |
| |1932 |
| |June: John Logie Baird transmits pictures of the Derby horse race at Epsom to a large-screen television display at the Metropole Cinema in London |
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| |November 8: John Logie Baird introduces a programme which is televised from Broadcasting House, London to the Arena Theatre, Copenhagen, Denmark (600 miles |
| |away) |
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| |[pic] |
| |1934 |
| |The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was established by the Communications Act of 1934 |
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| |[pic] |
| |1936 |
| |The firstexperimental" coaxial cable lines were laid by AT&T between New York and Philadelphia |
| |The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) debuts the world's first television service with three hours of programming a day. |
| |August: Television at the Berlin Olympics. Television broadcasts from the Berlin Olympic Games are seen by 150,000 people in public television rooms in Berlin |
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| |[pic] |
| |1938 |
| |February 4: First UK public demonstration of large-screen colour television at London’s Dominion theatre by John Logie Baird and is transmitted from the Baird |
| |studio at Crystal Palace in South London |
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| |[pic] |
| |1939 |
| |January: Direct projection television with a 15ft x 12ft screen is installed at the 1,190-seat Marble Arch Pavilion by Baird Company. |
| |Television was demonstrated by RCA at the New York World's Fair and the San Francisco Golden Gate International Exposition |
| |Fritz Fischer patents the Eidophor |
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| |Baird Television Ltd goes into liquidation and is re-formed as Cinema-Television but without John Logie Baird on the board. |
| |Television is introduced in Japan and Italy |
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| |[pic] |
| |1940 |
| |1940: Peter Goldmark invents a 343 lines of resolution color television. |
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| |[pic] |
| |1941 |
| |John Logie Baird, now working on his own, demonstrates a 600 line HDTV colour system for television |
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| |[pic] |
| |1943 |
| |1943: Vladimir Zworykin develops a camera tube called the Orthicon |
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| |1944 |
| | January 15: Patent is granted for the Eidophor television projection system. |
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| |1945 |
| |June 14: John Logie Baird dies of pneumonia |
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| |[pic] |
| |1946 |
| |Peter Goldmark, working for CBS, demonstrated his mechanical color television system to the FCC - the first to introduce a broadcasting color television system |
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| |[pic] |
| |1948 |
| |1948: Cable television is introduced in Pennsylvania |
| |Louis W. Parker patents a low-cost television receiver |
| |One million homes in the United States have television sets |
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| |[pic] |
| |1949 |
| |August: In a document entitled 'Television and the Cinema', prepared for the Beveridge Committee on the future of broadcasting, the BBC states that 'the place |
| |of television is in the home' |
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| |[pic] |
| |1950 |
| |The FCC approves the first color television standard which is soon replaced by a second in 1953 |
| |Vladimir Zworykin develops the Vidicon |
| |Phonevision, the first pay-per-view television service, becomes available |
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| |1951 |
| |Color television introduced in the U.S. |
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| |Philips experiments and produces projection television |
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| |[pic] |
| |1952 |
| |Television is introduced in Canada |
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| |1956 |
| |Robert Adler invents Zenith Space Commander which is the first practical remote control |
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| |1962 |
| |AT&T launches Telstar, the first satellite to carry TV broadcasts and television broadcasts are relayed around the World. |
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| |1964 |
| |Color television introduced in the U.S. |
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| |1969 |
| |July 20: TV transmission from the moon watched by 600 million people |
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| |1972 |
| |50% of home TVs are color television sets. |
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| |1973 |
| |Giant screen projection television is first marketed. |
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| |1976 |
| |Sony introduce Betamax, the first home video cassette recorder. |
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| |1980 |
| |CNN, the first all-news network, is launched by Ted Turner |
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| |1981 |
| |NHK demonstrate HDTV with 1,125 lines of resolution. |
| |The Supreme Court rules to allow television cameras in the courtroom. |
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| |[pic] |
| |1982: |
| |Dolby surround sound for home televisionsets is introduced. |
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| |1986 |
| |Super VHS is introduced |
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| |[pic] |
| |1988 |
| |98% of U.S. households have at least one television set. |
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| |The first commercial Direct broadcast satellite DBS service, Sky Television plc (now BSkyB), was launched in the UK |
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| |1992 |
| |There are 900 million television sets in use around the world |
| |201 million television sets are in the United States. |
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| |[pic] |
| |2006 |
| |Television signals in both analog and digital formats |
| |The US switch-off of all analogue terrestrial TV broadcasts is scheduled to begin NO LATER THAN February 17, 2009 |
| |The UK switch-off of all analogue terrestrial TV broadcasts is scheduled to begin in 2008. The last regions will be switched off in 2012 |
| |A UK Digital Terrestrial replacement, called Freeview, enables analogue television sets to receive prrogrammes |
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|Television Invention Timeline |
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