Dx Image Study Guide Test 1
Dx Image Study Guide Test 1
These are the notes I took at the tutor. These are the things she felt were the most important/most tested. I would still know general stuff about all of the lines/measures he has on the list. She mentioned if he had it on a quiz, most likely he won’t have it on the test. She also said don’t worry about all the numbers, only know the ones she mentioned. (ADI, prevertebral soft tissue, coxa vera/valga…) Take that advice for what it’s worth. You never know!
Skull: Basilar invagination is when skull sits lower.
Stella Turcica: Pituitary mass causes enlargement.
Basilar Angle: Basilar invagination causes greater angle due to bone softening disease (Pagets)
McGregors Line: Basilar invagination causes odontiod process to be above line more than normal. Due to bone softening disease (Pagets, osteomalacia)
Chamberlin’s Line: Same as above
Digastric Line: Same as above
Cervical
Cervical Gravity Line: Drawn from odontioid, should pass through C7 body.
Georges Line: Drawn on posterior aspect of body on lateral cervical. Looks for fracture, dislocation, anteriolisthesis or retro. Use posterior cervical line instead.
ADI: Odontiod process to anterior tubercle of C1. Know adult is 1mm-3mm, child 1mm-5mm. Increases with downs syndrome or RA.
Sagittal Dimension of Cervical Spine: Space btw spinolaminar junction and posterior body. Small measurement could mean spinal cord stenosis.
Atlantoaxial Alignment: Looking for C1/C2 overhang. Odontiod fractures or alar ligament instability when overlap. Children will have bilateral overhang.
Prevertebral Soft Tissue: Space in front of vertebral bodies in C spine. C2 is about 6mm, C6 is about 22mm. Increase could be due to blood, pus, or cells. (blood-hematoma, pus-infection, cells-cancer)
Thoracic
Riser-Ferguson: Scoliosis evaluation, not preferred method.
Cobbs Angle: Scoliosis evaluation, preferred method.
Thoracic Cage: Posterior sternum to anterior of T8. Decreased measurement is called straight back syndrome which can cause many health problems, mainly heart.
Thoracic Kyphosis: From endplates of T1 to T12. Kyphosis increases with age and Scheuermann’s fractures.
Lumbar
Hadley’s S Curve: Done on A-P and oblique xray. If broken could be subluxation, fracture, or dislocation.
Lumbar Gravity Line: Line from body of L3, should intersect with sacral base.
Meyerding’s Rating System: Used for grading anteriolisthesis, sacrum is divided into quarters. Preferred method is percentage (more accurate and removes magnification)
Lower Extremity
Kline’s Line: Femoral head should intersect line, if not, slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
Shenton’s Line: Line should be smooth. Usually in children. SCFE, dislocation, or fracture
Iliofemoral Line: Line should be smooth. SCFE , dislocation, or fracture
Teardrop: More than 1mm difference between the two sides is pathology. Legg-Calve-Perthes (LCP), avascular necrosis of femur head.
Hip Joint Space: Measure of space from femur head-acetabulum (superior, axial, and medial). Do not average. RA will have uniform change in all portions and OA the superior portion is affected first.
Center Edge Angle: Line from center of femoral head and line to acetabular edge. Shallow could be acetabular dysplasia or DJD.
Acetabular Angle: Decreases with down’s syndrome. Increases with congenital hip dislocation.
Acetabular Depth: Decreased could be OA
Kohler’s Line: Protrusio Acetabuli. If acetabulum is medial to line, Pagets disease.
Pre-sacral Space: Blood, pus, cells will increase space.
Femoral Angle: 130 degrees is coxa valga (coxa mean hip)
Skinner’s Line: Fovea below line could mean fracture.
Heel Pad Measurement: Increase is acromegaly
Boehler’s Angle: Angle ................
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