ESC 1000 Chapter 5 Part K: Key Terms Practice Test
ESC 1000 Earth Science Name: _____________
Chapter 5: Running Water and Groundwater
Part K Chapter 5 Key Terms 67 Points
Fill in the blanks with the word or words that best fit the definition:
1. ______________- A fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed when a stream slope is abruptly reduced.
2. ______________-Unconsolidated sediment deposited by a stream.
3. ______________ - Rock or soil through which the ground water moves easily.
4. ______________ - Impermeable beds that hinder or prevent groundwater movement.
5. ______________- A well in which the water rises above the level where it was initially encountered.
6. ______________- are earthen mounds built on the banks of a river to increase the volume of water the channel can hold.
7. ______________ - A poorly drain area on a floodplain that results when natural levees are present.
8. ______________ – common term for sand and gravel deposits in a stream channel.
9. ______________ - The level below which a stream cannot erode.
10. ______________– Sediment that is carried by a stream along the bottom of its channel.
11. ______________- A stream consisting of numerous intertwining Channels.
12. ______________- The total amount of sediment a stream is able to transport.
13. ______________- A naturally formed underground chamber or series of chambers most commonly produced by solution activity in limestone
14. ______________- A measure of the largest particle a stream can transport; a factor dependent on velocity.
15. ______________ - A cone-shaped depression in the water table immediately surrounding a well.
16. ______________– the area of active erosion on the other side of a meander.
17. ______________ - A short channel segment created when a river erodes through the narrow neck of land between meanders.
18. ______________ - An accumulation of sediment formed where a stream enters a lake or ocean.
19. ______________ - A stream system that resembles the pattern of a branching tree.
20. ______________ - The quantity of the water in a stream that passes a given point in a period of time.
21. ______________– That portion of a stream’s load carried in solution.
22. ______________ - A section of a stream that leaves the main flow.
23. ______________ - A imaginary line that separates the drainage of two stream; often found along a ridge.
24. ______________– The land area that contributes water to a stream.
25. ______________ - The difference in height between the bottom of a cone of depression and the original height of the water table.
26. ______________ - The incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, such as water, wind, or ice.
27. ______________ - The combined effect of evaporation and transportation
28. ______________ - When the discharge of a stream becomes so great that it exceeds the capacity of the channel, it overflows its bank which is natural behavior of streams.
29. ______________ - are dams built to store floodwater and then let it out slowly
30. ______________- The flat, low-lying portion of a stream valley subject to periodic inundation.
31. ______________ - A fountain of hot water ejected periodically.
32. ______________ - The slope of a stream, generally measured in feet per mile.
33. ______________- Water in zone of saturation.
34. ______________- A spring in which water is 6-9°C (10-15°F) warmer than the mean annual air temperature of its locality
35. ______________ - The unending circulation of the earth water supply.
36. ______________ - Meandering channel that flows in a steep, narrow valley. They form either when an area is uplifted or when the base level drops.
37. ______________ - The maximum rate at which soil can absorb water.
38. ______________- A portion of water that soaks into the ground.
39. ______________– a topography consisting of numerous depressions call sinkholes.
40. ______________ - The movement of water particles in straight-line paths that are parallel to the channel. The water particles move downstream without mixing.
41. ______________ - A looplike bends in the course of a stream.
42. ______________- The elevated land-forms that parallel some streams and act to confine their waters, except during floodstage.
43. ______________ - A curved lake produced when a stream cuts off a meander.
44. ______________ - A measure of material’s ability to transmit water.
45. ______________– A crescent-shaped accumulation of sand and gravel depositied inside of a meander.
46. ______________ - The volume of open spaces in a rock or soil.
47. ______________ - A system of streams running in all directions away from a central elevated structure, such as a volcano.
48. ______________ - A drainage pattern characterized by numerous right angle bends that develops on jointed or fractures bedrock.
49. ______________ - When the rate of rainfall exceeds the earth ability to absorb it, the surplus water flows over the surface into the lakes, and streams.
50. ______________ – transportation of sediment through a series of leaps and bounces.
51. ______________– The speed at which a particle falls through a still fluid. The size, shape, and specific gravity of particles influence this effect.
52. ______________ - A depression produced in a region where soluble rock has been removed by groundwater.
53. ______________ -The process by which solid particles of various sizes are separated by moving water or wind. Also, the degree of similarity in particle size in sediment or sedimentary rock.
54. ______________ - A flow of groundwater that emerges naturally at the ground surface.
55. ______________ - The icicle-like structure that hangs from the ceiling of a carven.
56. ______________– The columnlike form that grows upward from the floor of a cavern.
57. ______________ - The channel, valley floor, and slopping valley walls of a stream.
58. ______________ - The fine sediment carried within the body of flowing water.
59. ______________ - The release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants.
60. ______________ - A system of streams in which nearly parallel tributaries occupy valleys cut into folded strata.
61. ______________- The movement of water in a erratic fashion often characterized by swirling, whirlpool-like eddies. Most stream flow a is of this type.
62. ______________– The area above the water table where openings in soil, sediment, and rock are not saturated but filled mainly with air.
63. ______________- The upper level of saturated zone of groundwater.
64. ______________ - An opening bored into the zone of saturation.
65. - A tributary that flow a parallel to the main stream because a natural levee is present.
66. ______________ - Area above the water table where openings in soil, sediment, and rock are not saturated but filled mainly with air.
67. ______________ - Zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water.
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Chapter 5: Running Water and Groundwater
|Alluvial Fans |Drainage Basin |Radial Pattern |
|Alluvium |Drawdown |Rectangular Pattern |
|Aquifers |Erosion |Runoff |
|Aquitards |Evapotranspiration |Saltation |
|Artesian Well |Flood |Settling velocity |
|Artificial Levees |Flood Control Dams |Sinkholes |
|Backswamp |Floodplain |Sorting |
|Bar |Geysers |Springs |
|Base level |Gradient |Stalactite |
|Bed load |Groundwater |Stalagmite |
|Braided Stream |Hot springs |Stream Valley |
|Capacity |Hydrologic Cycle |Suspended Load |
|Cavern |Incised Meander |Transpiration |
|Competence |Infiltration |Trellis Pattern |
|Cone of Depression |Infiltration Capacity |Turbulent Flow |
|Cut bank |Karst topography |Unsaturated zone |
|Cutoff |Laminar Flow |Water Table |
|Delta |Meanders |Wells |
|Dendritic Pattern |Natural Levees |Yazoo Tributary |
|Discharge |Oxbow lake |Zone of Aeration |
|Dissolved load |Permeability |Zone of Saturation |
|Distributary |Point bar | |
|Divide |Porosity | |
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