ESC 1000 Chapter 5 Part K: Key Terms Practice Test



ESC 1000 Earth Science Name: _____________

Chapter 5: Running Water and Groundwater

Part K Chapter 5 Key Terms 67 Points

Fill in the blanks with the word or words that best fit the definition:

1. ______________- A fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed when a stream slope is abruptly reduced.

2. ______________-Unconsolidated sediment deposited by a stream.

3. ______________ - Rock or soil through which the ground water moves easily.

4. ______________ - Impermeable beds that hinder or prevent groundwater movement.

5. ______________- A well in which the water rises above the level where it was initially encountered.

6. ______________- are earthen mounds built on the banks of a river to increase the volume of water the channel can hold.

7. ______________ - A poorly drain area on a floodplain that results when natural levees are present.

8. ______________ – common term for sand and gravel deposits in a stream channel.

9. ______________ - The level below which a stream cannot erode.

10. ______________– Sediment that is carried by a stream along the bottom of its channel.

11. ______________- A stream consisting of numerous intertwining Channels.

12. ______________- The total amount of sediment a stream is able to transport.

13. ______________- A naturally formed underground chamber or series of chambers most commonly produced by solution activity in limestone

14. ______________- A measure of the largest particle a stream can transport; a factor dependent on velocity.

15. ______________ - A cone-shaped depression in the water table immediately surrounding a well.

16. ______________– the area of active erosion on the other side of a meander.

17. ______________ - A short channel segment created when a river erodes through the narrow neck of land between meanders.

18. ______________ - An accumulation of sediment formed where a stream enters a lake or ocean.

19. ______________ - A stream system that resembles the pattern of a branching tree.

20. ______________ - The quantity of the water in a stream that passes a given point in a period of time.

21. ______________– That portion of a stream’s load carried in solution.

22. ______________ - A section of a stream that leaves the main flow.

23. ______________ - A imaginary line that separates the drainage of two stream; often found along a ridge.

24. ______________– The land area that contributes water to a stream.

25. ______________ - The difference in height between the bottom of a cone of depression and the original height of the water table.

26. ______________ - The incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, such as water, wind, or ice.

27. ______________ - The combined effect of evaporation and transportation

28. ______________ - When the discharge of a stream becomes so great that it exceeds the capacity of the channel, it overflows its bank which is natural behavior of streams.

29. ______________ - are dams built to store floodwater and then let it out slowly

30. ______________- The flat, low-lying portion of a stream valley subject to periodic inundation.

31. ______________ - A fountain of hot water ejected periodically.

32. ______________ - The slope of a stream, generally measured in feet per mile.

33. ______________- Water in zone of saturation.

34. ______________- A spring in which water is 6-9°C (10-15°F) warmer than the mean annual air temperature of its locality

35. ______________ - The unending circulation of the earth water supply.

36. ______________ - Meandering channel that flows in a steep, narrow valley. They form either when an area is uplifted or when the base level drops.

37. ______________ - The maximum rate at which soil can absorb water.

38. ______________- A portion of water that soaks into the ground.

39. ______________– a topography consisting of numerous depressions call sinkholes.

40. ______________ - The movement of water particles in straight-line paths that are parallel to the channel. The water particles move downstream without mixing.

41. ______________ - A looplike bends in the course of a stream.

42. ______________- The elevated land-forms that parallel some streams and act to confine their waters, except during floodstage.

43. ______________ - A curved lake produced when a stream cuts off a meander.

44. ______________ - A measure of material’s ability to transmit water.

45. ______________– A crescent-shaped accumulation of sand and gravel depositied inside of a meander.

46. ______________ - The volume of open spaces in a rock or soil.

47. ______________ - A system of streams running in all directions away from a central elevated structure, such as a volcano.

48. ______________ - A drainage pattern characterized by numerous right angle bends that develops on jointed or fractures bedrock.

49. ______________ - When the rate of rainfall exceeds the earth ability to absorb it, the surplus water flows over the surface into the lakes, and streams.

50. ______________ – transportation of sediment through a series of leaps and bounces.

51. ______________– The speed at which a particle falls through a still fluid. The size, shape, and specific gravity of particles influence this effect.

52. ______________ - A depression produced in a region where soluble rock has been removed by groundwater.

53. ______________ -The process by which solid particles of various sizes are separated by moving water or wind. Also, the degree of similarity in particle size in sediment or sedimentary rock.

54. ______________ - A flow of groundwater that emerges naturally at the ground surface.

55. ______________ - The icicle-like structure that hangs from the ceiling of a carven.

56. ______________– The columnlike form that grows upward from the floor of a cavern.

57. ______________ - The channel, valley floor, and slopping valley walls of a stream.

58. ______________ - The fine sediment carried within the body of flowing water.

59. ______________ - The release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants.

60. ______________ - A system of streams in which nearly parallel tributaries occupy valleys cut into folded strata.

61. ______________- The movement of water in a erratic fashion often characterized by swirling, whirlpool-like eddies. Most stream flow a is of this type.

62. ______________– The area above the water table where openings in soil, sediment, and rock are not saturated but filled mainly with air.

63. ______________- The upper level of saturated zone of groundwater.

64. ______________ - An opening bored into the zone of saturation.

65. - A tributary that flow a parallel to the main stream because a natural levee is present.

66. ______________ - Area above the water table where openings in soil, sediment, and rock are not saturated but filled mainly with air.

67. ______________ - Zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water.

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Chapter 5: Running Water and Groundwater

|Alluvial Fans |Drainage Basin |Radial Pattern |

|Alluvium |Drawdown |Rectangular Pattern |

|Aquifers |Erosion |Runoff |

|Aquitards |Evapotranspiration |Saltation |

|Artesian Well |Flood |Settling velocity |

|Artificial Levees |Flood Control Dams |Sinkholes |

|Backswamp |Floodplain |Sorting |

|Bar |Geysers |Springs |

|Base level |Gradient |Stalactite |

|Bed load |Groundwater |Stalagmite |

|Braided Stream |Hot springs |Stream Valley |

|Capacity |Hydrologic Cycle |Suspended Load |

|Cavern |Incised Meander |Transpiration |

|Competence |Infiltration |Trellis Pattern |

|Cone of Depression |Infiltration Capacity |Turbulent Flow |

|Cut bank |Karst topography |Unsaturated zone |

|Cutoff |Laminar Flow |Water Table |

|Delta |Meanders |Wells |

|Dendritic Pattern |Natural Levees |Yazoo Tributary |

|Discharge |Oxbow lake |Zone of Aeration |

|Dissolved load |Permeability |Zone of Saturation |

|Distributary |Point bar | |

|Divide |Porosity | |

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