TnQ Books and Journals Pvt Ltd - Copyediting Style Guide



Oxford Journals—Copyediting Style Guide

Journal: Integrative and Comparative Biology (ICB)

Customer: Oxford Journals

Follows: CSE Manual 7th Edition

If in doubt, please refer to the Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary and the CSE Manual 7th Edition.

|FRONT MATTER (running heads and first page) |

|Left running head (lrh), |Style |SICB logo should be in the upper left. It should be black and white in print and in color for |

|first page | |online. |

|First page pagination slug|Style |Journal name, article page extent, and doi number should be in the upper right. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | | |

| | |Integrative and Comparative Biology, pp. xx |

| | |doi: 10.1093/icb/icx000 |

|Left running head (lrh) in|Style |Right aligned initialized forenames and middle names followed by surname. |

|the article | | |

| | |et al. in italics |

| | | |

| | |Examples: |

| | | |

| | |One author: S. Vogel |

| | |Two authors: K. Nishikawa and K. G. Ota |

| | |Three or more authors: C. D. Wilga et al. |

|Right running head (rrh) |Style |Left aligned, short article title, sentence caps, roman, no period |

|in the article | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Cranial design and feeding in lizards |

|Opening page |Style |Symposium details (except if book review). These should appear below the author affiliations. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | | |

| | |From the symposium “name” presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and |

| | |Comparative Biology, Month xx, 200x at city, state. [use full state name] |

| | | |

|Manuscript |Style |The journal mostly publishes symposium articles and book reviews. On occasion, it publishes |

|category/subject section | |Grand Challenges articles, Editorials, and Comments (new for 2010).. |

|variations | | |

| |Grand Challenges |The head “GRAND CHALLENGES” is in a sans serif font, all caps, and is left aligned at the top of|

| | |the page with a line rule beneath. The article uses a 3-column format. There is no symposium |

| | |line on the title page. The left and right running heads say “Grand Challenges” in sans serif |

| | |font. |

|Style for different |Editorial |The head ‘Editorial’ is left aligned. |

|article types | | |

| | |The editor’s name should appear left aligned and in italics at the end of the article. There |

| | |should be a line of space before it to separate it from the text. |

| | | |

| | |For example: |

| | | |

| | |Harold Heatwole, Editor ICB |

| | |Nancy Cochran, Assistant Editor ICB |

| | |John Pearse, President, SICB |

| | |Cathy Kennedy, Oxford Journals |

| |Book review |The following information is necessary and should appear in the following order: |

| | |Title, Author/Editor, Place of publication, Publisher, Year, number of pages, ISBN (Use either |

| | |ISBN 10 or ISBN 13, not both) (hardcover or paperback), price |

| | | |

| | |The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology. Kristina A. Curry Rogers and Jeffery A. Wilson, |

| | |editors. |

| | | |

| | |Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2005. 349 pp. ISBN 0-520-22623-3 (hardcover), |

| | |$230. |

| | | |

| | |If ISBNs for both hardcover and paperback are provided, please give as “ISBN 0-520-22623-3 |

| | |(hardcover) and 0-520-226323-4 (paperback).” |

| | | |

| | |Book Review should end with following details (with at least one line of space between the text |

| | |and the ending signature). |

| | | |

| | |Harold Heatwole |

| | |Department of Zoology, North Carolina State |

| | |University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 |

| | |E-mail: harold_heatwole@ncsu.edu |

| | | |

| | |Advance Access publication May 2, 2007 |

| | |doi:10.1093/icb/icm012 |

|Article type |Style |Title case, Roman |

| | | |

| | |Examples: |

| | |Editorial |

| | |Book Review |

|Article Title |Style |Capitalize all significant words in the title (i.e., title case). Capitalize all nouns, |

| | |pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and some conjunctions. Do not capitalize articles, coordinate |

| | |conjunctions, or prepositions unless they appear at the beginning of title or are part of a |

| | |phrasal verb. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 9.3.1.1 |

| |Capitalization after colon or em dash |Capitalize (regardless of part of speech) |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 9.3.1.1 |

| |Capitalization after hyphen |Capitalize both components of a 2-word hyphenated term if the term is a temporary compound or |

| | |coordinate term. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Well-Adjusted |

| | |Nitrogen-Fixing |

| | | |

| | |Do not capitalize the second and subsequent components of a term that would normally be |

| | |hyphenated, except for proper nouns or adjectives. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Helter-skelter |

| | |Pre-eclampsia |

| |Capitalization (prepositions) |Lowercase (unless they appear at the beginning of the title or are part of a phrasal verb.) |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 9.3.1.1 |

| |Capitalization (others) |Proper nouns should be capitalized. |

| |Abbreviations |Acceptable in titles if the abbreviation is widely-known and found in Merriam-Webster |

| | |Dictionary. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |DNA |

| |Numbers |Use numerals rather than words to express whole and decimal numbers. If a number begins a |

| | |sentence, title, or heading, spell out the number or, if possible, reword so that the number |

| | |appears elsewhere in the sentence. |

| | | |

| | |In general, spell out zero and one. |

| | |Two and above should be numerals. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.2.1 |

| |Genus species |Spell out and italicize |

| |Years |1998–2000 |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.4.2 |

|Author |Placement |Placed below the article title |

| |Style |Forename spelled out or initialized, middle name initialized, followed by surname. Initials are |

| | |spaced out with periods. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Timothy E. Higham |

| | |Timothy E. W. Higham |

| |Name |Follow author on presentation of name. |

| |Degrees and Titles |Not allowed |

| |Suffix |Allowed. Should follow the name without a comma. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 8.1 |

| |Separators |Comma, add “and” (but no comma) before last author name |

| |Layout |Peter Wainwright,1,* Andrew M. Carroll,† David C. Collar,‡ Steven W. Day,‡ Timothy E. Higham† |

| | |and Roi A. Holzman† |

| |Affiliation formatting |Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Concord Field Station, Harvard University, |

| | |Bedford, MA 01730, USA |

| | | |

| | |*Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, |

| | |USA; †The College, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA; ‡Department of Biology, |

| | |University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; §Department of |

| | |Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, & Duke University Lemur Center, Durham NC 27710, USA; |

| | |¶Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 80 Waterman Street, Box G-B204, Brown |

| | |University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; ||Lab. Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, |

| | |University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; **Department of |

| | |Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 228 Irvine Hall, Athens, |

| | |OH 45701, USA |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 14.3 |

| |Affiliation designators |Symbols, superscripted |

| |Designator separator |Comma and semi-colon |

| |Designator order |*, †, ‡, §, ¶, ||, #, **, ††, ‡‡, §§... |

| |Corresponding Author |Designated by superscripted numeral “1”. Note that there is usually only one corresponding |

| | |author so only one superscripted numeral should appear in the author list. |

|Corresponding Author |Placement |Placed as footnote below symposium details in the middle of page one. |

| |Style |Only e-mail address is used. Do not provide postal address or Tel/Fax numbers. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |1E-mail: bdumont@bio.umass.edu |

| |More than 1 corresponding author |Allowed (but rare). |

| | |1E-mail: bdumont@bio.umass.edu |

| | |2E-mail: biewener@fas.harvard.edu |

| |E-mail |Provided. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |1E-mail: bdumont@bio.umass.edu |

| |Equal contribution authors |If the first two authors request a statement regarding equal contribution, place the statement |

| | |between the author names and the affiliations (see ict025 and icu018 for reference). |

| | | |

| | |Example: The first two authors contributed equally to this work. |

|Author Affiliation |Style |Affiliations should not be combined. |

| | |Each affiliation should be affiliated to a city and country. |

| | |Affiliation designators (symbols) appear before the affiliation in superscript |

| |Example |*Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, |

| | |CA 92697-2525, USA; †Pacific Shark Research Center, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss |

| | |Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA |

| |Placement |Below the author line. |

| |Elements required |Department/School, University, City, State, postal code, and country |

| |Postal address |Should be provided. Query if missing. |

| |State name (USA) |Use two-letter abbreviations |

| |Country name |USA, UK (do not use Scotland, England, Wales) |

| |Separators |Semicolon, no “and” before last affiliation |

| |Designator |Symbols in superscript |

| |Multiple affiliations |Run on, no “and” before last affiliation |

| |Present address |Not commonly used. If author provides, should be inserted and should follow the same style as |

| | |other affiliations. Insert a superscript number if necessary to correspond with the correct |

| | |author. |

|Dates |Placement |Received/revised/accepted dates not used. |

|(received/revised/accepted| | |

|/advance access) | |Advance Access publication date placed as footer below above the copyright line located at the |

| | |bottom of the page. |

| |Style and example |Advanced Access publication May 2, 2007 |

|Accession numbers |Style |Should appear in article, not on first page. Should always be formatted as "GenBank accession |

| | |number," never abbreviated. |

|Dedication |Style |Should appear in the “Acknowledgments” section. |

|Abstract |Heading |Abstract should be titled “Synopsis.” |

| |Style |Synopsis Text is run on, one paragraph only. |

| |Abbreviations |Use if they occur more than once in the Abstract. |

| |Genus species |Spell out and italicize genus name on first occurrence; abbreviate and italicize thereafter. |

| |Numerals |Use numerals rather than words to express whole and decimal numbers. If a number begins a |

| | |sentence, title, or heading, spell out the number or, if possible, reword so that the number |

| | |appears elsewhere in the sentence. |

| | | |

| | |In general, spell out zero and one except when they are part of a series or are closely or |

| | |intermittently linked with other numbers. Two and above should be numerals. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12 12.1.2.1 |

| |Reference citation in abstract |Should not be cited |

| |Citing online abstract in a manuscript |Author name (s). Year. Title of abstract [abstract]. Where abstract appeared or was presented. |

| | |Year and date it appeared/was presented; place of appearance/presentation. Society location: |

| | |Society name. Abstract number. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Camacho J, Heyde A, Bhullar B-AS, Haelewaters D, Simmons NB, Abzhanov A. 2016. The evolution and|

| | |development of diverse and adaptive skull shapes in New World leaf-nosed bats [abstract]. In: |

| | |The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2016 annual meeting; 2016 Jan. 3–7; |

| | |Portland. McLean (VA): The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. 80–1. |

|Copyright line |Standard license |©The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative |

| | |and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: |

| | |journals.permissions@. |

| |Government license |Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative |

| | |Biology 2013. |

| |Open access standard license format |© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative|

| | |and Comparative Biology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the |

| | |Creative Commons Attribution License (), which |

| | |permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the |

| | |original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact |

| | |journals.permissions@. |

| |Miscellaneous copyright format (for |Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative |

| |errata, list of reviewers, etc.) |Biology 2010 2013. |

| | | |

| | |Note that there is no copyright symbol used. |

|Keywords |Style |Not used |

|FOOTNOTES |

|Style |Order |NA |

| |Affiliation |See above under Author and Author affiliation |

| |Corresponding author |See above under Author and Author affiliation |

| |Acknowledgement |Should not be a footnote. |

|Other footnotes |In-text footnotes |Should not be used. |

|HEADINGS |

|Style | |Unnumbered headings |

| |Headings | |

| |1st level |Bold, roman, sentence case |

| |2nd level |Bold, roman, sentence case |

| |3rd level |Roman, sentence case |

| |4th level | |

| |Numbered headings |No allowed |

|GENERAL STYLE |

|Spelling |US |Use American spelling. Follow Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary. |

|Editing level required |Light edit |Light edit. |

| | | |

| | |Editor instructs typesetter to leave hyphenation as he has left it. |

|Grammar |Special notes (add to list as per |Use ‘that’ in restrictive clause and ‘which’ in nonrestrictive clause |

| |journal) | |

|Hyphenation |Prefixes that do not require |Refer Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary |

| |hyphenation | |

| |Prefixes that require hyphenation |Refer Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary |

| |Do not hyphenate |Refer Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary |

|Dashes |En dash |Use as follows: |

| | |to link two words or terms representing items of equal rank, |

| | |to connect names in eponymous terms attributed to two people, |

| | |as a coordinate connector within a term that includes hyphenated elements, |

| | |to link numbers representing a range of values, |

| | |to represent chemical bonds, and |

| | |as a minus symbol if a minus symbol is not available. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 5.3.5.3 |

| |Em dash |Use as follows: |

| | | |

| | |to set off elements within a sentence that express a parenthetic break in the line of meaning, |

| | |to set off introductory elements in a sentence that explains their significance, |

| | |to indicate the source of a quotation or editorial statement, or |

| | |to set off a parenthetic statement in the text within parentheses and square brackets. (This use|

| | |should be avoided, however). |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 5.3.5.1 |

|Commas |General |See CSE 5.3.3 |

| |Oxford/Serial commas |Used |

| |Date style |January 20, 2007 |

| |Parenthetical reference citation (e.g. |Johnson 2002 |

| |Smith and Jones 2005) |Johnson and Gallant 2002 |

| | |Cronin et al. 2003 |

| |Thousand separator |For numbers consisting of 2 to 4 digits, run the numerals together. For numbers of more than 4 |

| | |digits, use comma to set off groups of 3 digits (example: 10,000) |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.3.1 |

| |Introductory comma |Only to avoid confusion. |

|Capitalization |After colon |Capitalize the first word after a colon if it begins a direct quotation or if the words that |

| | |follow the colon form a complete sentence or independent clause. Lowercase otherwise. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 9.2.2 |

| |Variables |Follow author and make consistent |

| |Experiment, Day, etc. |Capitalize |

| |Others |At the start of a sentence, capitalize a letter following a Greek symbol, e.g. (-Galactosidase. |

| | | |

| | |Use small caps for D- and L- compounds, e.g. D-penicillamine. |

|Italicization |Emphasis |No italics for emphasis purpose (Do not use quotes instead, because quotation marks don’t imply|

| | |emphasis effectively) |

| |Variables and Statistical terms |Italicize as appropriate and make consistent. |

| |Multi-letter variables |Roman |

| |Others |Restriction enzymes: the first three letters are italicized and the numbers are roman numerals |

| | |closed up to the letters, e.g. EcoRI, HindIII |

| | | |

| | |P (upper case, italics) for probability |

| | | |

| | |t-test, U-test (t should be in italics, U should be roman) |

| | | |

| | |Taq or Pfu DNA polymerase, In vitro/in vivo/in utero/in situ/in vacuo, In toto, Ab initio, Ad |

| | |hoc, Sensu |

| | | |

| | |n (lower case, italics) for number |

|Language |Word list |NA |

| |Preferred words |NA |

|Quotation marks |Style |Use double quotation marks |

| |Punctuation |Should be within the double quotation marks |

|Quotations/Extracts in |Style |Pull out as separate paragraph if more than 5 lines of text. Indent on left-hand side and reduce|

|text | |font size. |

|Latin terms |Style |Italics usually. But do not italicize Latin terms that have become accepted in English and that |

| | |can be used in scientific text without translation. |

| | | |

| | |See Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary to determine if a term has become accepted in |

| | |English. |

| |Abbreviations |Acceptable if commonly used. |

| | | |

| | |See Chicago Manual of Style for a list. |

|Parentheses | |In general, see CSE 5.3.6. |

| | | |

| | |Parenthesis within parenthesis is not allowed. |

| | | |

| | |Replace second parenthesis with square bracket. |

| | | |

| | |(( )) changed to ([ ]), unless the square bracket indicates concentration. |

|Brackets | |Use to demarcate text or letters added to quoted text, to demarcate an editorial comment, and to|

| | |enclose a parenthetic statement within a parenthetic statement enclosed by parentheses. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 5.3.7 |

|Slash | |Use for: |

| | |the mathematical operation of division, |

| | |expressions of rates or concentrations, |

| | |to separate symbols for mutant genes on homologous chromosomes, |

| | |to separate clones in human chromosome nomenclature, |

| | |to separate symbols for homologous genes or alleles, |

| | |as a character in URLs, |

| | |as end tags in SGML, HTML, or XML, or |

| | |to indicate alternatives (such as “and/or” or “he/she”). |

| | | |

| | |But otherwise, rephrase for clarity. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 5.4.3 |

|Genus species |Style |Spell out genus name on first occurrence and use abbreviation thereafter. Always italicize genus|

| | |and species name. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 22.2.3.2 and 22.2.3.4 |

| |Beginning of a sentence |Spell out and italicize Genus name |

| |Common name |Once the scientific name and its vernacular equivalent have been presented, the vernacular name |

| | |may be used, especially if it is widely recognized. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 22.2.3.10 |

| |Abbreviations |Genus name abbreviated and italicized on second occurrence |

|Lists |Display | |

| |In-text |(1), (2), and (3). |

| | | |

| | |Note use of ‘and’ and serial comma. |

|Sequences |Table/main text | |

| |Run-on | |

|Geography |USA |Use USA in addresses. US (adjectival), United States (noun) |

| |UK |Use UK (not Scotland, England, etc.) |

| |US States |Use two letter abbreviation. (See CSE Table 14.1 for a list of these.) |

| |Coordinates |Bahamas (23(28(N; 75(42(W) |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 14.2.1 |

|Time and dates |Date |January 25, 2007 |

| |Period |1999–2003 |

| |Time |Follow author but make it consistent. |

|SOURCES OF MATERIALS |

| |Style |(Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) |

| |Supplier name |Query for supplier name. |

| |Supplier location |Query for supplier location. |

| |Others |Give complete address of any particular supplier only on first occurrence. In subsequent |

| | |occurrences, provide only name of supplier. |

|ABBREVIATIONS |

|Abbreviation |First use |Define abbreviation upon first occurrence. |

| |Title |Not allowed in title. |

| |In Headings |Acceptable if already defined in the article. |

| |At the beginning of sentence |Acceptable if already defined in the article. |

| |In Figures |Acceptable but define at first instance. |

| |In Tables |Acceptable if space needs to be conserved. But they should be defined in footnotes. In most |

| | |occurrences, please spell out. |

| |Underscoring |Remove underscoring where it illustrates acronyms, throughout the article. |

| |Latin abbreviations |i.e. and e.g. should be in roman, confined to parentheses or notes and followed by a comma |

| | | |

| | |Example: (e.g., milk, bread, and water) |

| |Scientific abbreviations |Follow author but query author for full name and spell out at first instance |

| |Chemical compounds |Follow author |

| |Concentrations |Use SI units |

| |Plurals |Allowed |

| |State names |Two-letter abbreviation. (See CSE Table 14.1 for a list of these.) |

| |Country names |USA, UK (noun), US, UK (adj) |

| |Organization Names |Follow author |

| |Author names (author of paper) |Query author for full names if names such as “C.S. Smith” appear in the author list. If that is |

| | |ultimately how the author wishes their name to appear, then the style is for the initials to |

| | |appear closed up with dots. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | | |

| | |A.G.C. Smith |

| |Names (other than the authors) |Initials and surname |

|Journal specific |Query |Query author for abbreviations that have not been defined. |

|abbreviations | | |

| |

|TECHNICAL STYLE |

|Number style | |In general, see CSE section 12.1 |

| |Numbers less than 10 |Spell out |

| |Numbers greater than 9 |Retain as numerals. |

| |Mixed series |Retain as numerals. |

| |Common fractions |Write as words. |

| | | |

| | |Example: one-third |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.2.3 |

| |Consecutive numerical expression |When 2 numbers are adjacent, spell out one of the numbers and leave the other as a numeral. In |

| | |general, retain any number that occurs with a unit of measurement. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.2.1 |

| |Thousand separator |Comma is used if the number is 10,000 or more. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.3.1 |

| |Large numbers |For large numbers that are not expressed with high precision, the text form may be a combination|

| | |of numerals and words, particularly if the numbers do not represent experimental quantities. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | | |

| | |3 million people |

| | |$13.9 million |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.5 |

| |Decimals |Add leading zero |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.3.2 |

|Ordinals |Style |Spell out single-digit ordinals (those corresponding to numbers 1 to 9) used as adjectives or |

| | |adverbs. Express larger ordinals (those from 10 and up) as numerals. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |first |

| | |ninth |

| | |10th |

| | |98th |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.1.2.2 |

|Roman numerals | |Allowed in Book Reviews. |

|Fold words | |Avoid using these. Use only if they do not create ambiguity in the sentence. |

| | | |

| | |Examples: |

| | |Three-fold |

| | |10-fold (one to nine and >10). |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.3.3 |

|Units of measure |SI Units |Use only SI Units. |

| | | |

| | |kg, g, h min s, day, week, month, year, L (for liter). |

| | | |

| | |See CSE section 12.2 |

| |Non-SI Units |Not allowed. |

| |Time |Follow author but make consistent. |

| |Temperature |(C (no space between number and unit) |

| |Percentage |% (no space between number and unit) |

| |Volume |Vol. |

| |Weight |Wt |

| |Repetition of units |Do not repeat units. |

| |Range |30–100%, 25–30 min |

| |use of slashes, product dots etc. |Follow author and make consistent |

| |Centrifuge |Gravitational units (1000 g) |

| |Magnification |(1000 |

| |Hyphenation |Hyphenate units adjectivally |

|Greek character | |Should be roman |

|Statistical style |Probability |P (caps and italic) |

| |Statistical variables |Italics |

| |Standard deviation |Spell out in text, but abbreviate (SD) in tables |

| |Tests |Student’s t-test |

| |Abbreviations |Follow author. |

| |Variance |Follow author. |

|Math style |Spacing |Math should appear within the text. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.4 |

| |Superscript and subscript |Exponents containing more than one level become unwieldy within text lines. If possible, convert|

| | |exponentials so they can appear in the text. If not possible, show equations, etc. as display. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.4.1 |

| |Equations |When possible, display within text. If not possible, show equations as display. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.4.1 and 12.4.2 |

| |Coordinates |Present with latitudes first, followed by a comma and then longitude. Remember to use the prime |

| | |symbol (not a single quotation mark) for minutes and the double prime symbol (not a double |

| | |quotation mark) for seconds. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Lat 43°15'09"N, long 116°40'18"E |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 14.2.1 |

| |Ratio |Close up the two numbers around the colon. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |10:20 |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 12.3.4 |

|Journal-specific style points|Citation of sections |section (lowercase “s” in “section”) |

| |Equations |Equation (1) |

| |

|TABLES AND FIGURES |

|Tables | |In general, see CSE section 30.1. |

| |Label |Bold, initial cap, and then lower case, not bold text. No period at the end of the title. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | | |

| | |Table 1 Ranking of mode parameters… |

| |Caption/Title |Run in with table title. See above for example. |

| |Legend |Allowed. Text should appear below the table. |

| |Footnotes |Allowed. Use them to explain special aspects of the column headings, row headings or the data |

| | |composing a field. Can also be used to embellish a table title. If legend appears, run in after |

| | |legend text. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 30.1.1.5 |

| |Designator symbol |Superscripted letters (a, b, c...) |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 30.1.1.5 |

| |Probability symbol |Asterisk. |

| |Designator separator |Comma |

| |Footnote order |Source, Note, and then superscript notes. |

| | |Example - Note: |

| |Column heads |Initial cap lower case, bold |

| |Stub/first column |Initial cap lower case |

| |Other columns |Initial cap lower case |

| |Column alignment |Left alignment |

| |Dashes |Em dashes |

| |Abbreviations |Allowed |

| | In Caption |Do not define if already spelled out in text |

| | In Body |Do not define if already spelled out in text |

| |Table citation in text |Table 1, Tables 2 and 3 |

| |References in tables |Allowed |

|Figure |Label |Initial cap, lower case, bold |

| |Caption |Bold text, “Fig. 1”, followed by text Do not follow with a period or colon. Remaining caption |

| | |text as Roman. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | | |

| | |Fig. 1 Skeletal parts |

| | | |

| | |(A) (B), etc in a list in a figure caption can be in bold. |

| |Abbreviation |No need to define if already spelled out in text. |

| |Citation in text |If reference to a figure begins a sentence, spell out the word “Figure.” Otherwise, abbreviate |

| | |the word. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Fig. 1, Figs. 1 and 2 |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 30.2.1 |

| |Other items to be treated as figures |Maps, some graphs, and digital art. |

| | | |

| | |In general, see CSE 30.2. |

|Photographs | |Make sure the photo caption contains copyright permissions details if they are required. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 30.2.7 |

|BACK MATTER |

|Order of backmatter | |1. Acknowledgments |

| | |2. Funding |

| | |3. Online Supplementary Data (if used) |

| | |4. References |

| | |5. Appendix |

|Acknowledgments |Style |Spelled without an ‘e’ as Acknowledgments. |

|Supplementary Data |Use |Used |

| |Style and Example |Supplementary Data available at ICB online. |

|Conflict of Interest Statement |Not used |NA |

|Funding |Use |Include funding sources disclosed by authors. Spell out funding sources; do not use |

| | |abbreviated sources (i.e., NIH should be National Institutes of Health). Include grant |

| | |numbers if provided. |

| | | |

| | |Funding and Acknowledgments should be as two separate sections. If in an article, they are|

| | |given in one para, separate the funding and acknowledgements if there is clear indication |

| | |and raise an author query in that regard. If not clear, leave as is and query the author |

| | |to give as separate sections. |

| | | |

| | | |

| | |The following rules should be followed: |

| | |The sentence should begin: ‘This work was supported by …’ |

| | |The full official funding agency name should be given, i.e. ‘National Institutes of |

| | |Health’, not ‘NIH’ (full RIN-approved list of UK funding agencies) Grant numbers should be|

| | |given in brackets as follows: ‘[grant number xxxx]’ |

| | |Multiple grant numbers should be separated by a comma as follows: ‘[grant numbers xxxx, |

| | |yyyy]’ |

| | |Agencies should be separated by a semi-colon (plus ‘and’ before the last funding agency) |

| | |Where individuals need to be specified for certain sources of funding the following text |

| | |should be added after the relevant agency or grant number 'to [author initials]'. |

| | |An example is given here: ‘This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health |

| | |[AA123456 to C.S., BB765432 to M.H.]; and the Alcohol & Education Research Council |

| | |[hfygr667789].’ |

|Open access funding statement |Use |To be included at the end of the “Funding” section. Statement needs to be completed by the|

| | |authors. |

| | | |

| | |“Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was/were provided |

| | |by…” |

|Appendix |Style |The word appendix should be treated as first level head. Appendices are numbered with |

| | |Arabic numbers, i.e. Appendix 1, 2, 3, etc. |

| | | |

| | |See CSE 27.7.3.1 |

| |Heading level 1 |If any heading comes in the appendix, please treat it as second-level heading. |

| |Placement |Appendix, if any, is placed at the end of the article. |

| |Theorem, etc |N/A |

| |Equation numbering |Numbered |

| |Table numbering |Numbered |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | | |

| | |Table 1 Infectious disease in China: incidence by socioeconomic class |

| |Figure labels |Numbered |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | | |

| | |Fig. 5 Association between air temperature and survival of Tanner crabs released as |

| | |illegal bycatch in the Bering Sea bottom trawl fishery |

|REFERENCES |

|In-text reference |Order chronologically (earliest to |Example: (Smith et al. 1999; Jones and Freeman 2001; Smith 2002a, 2002b) |

| |latest) and separate by semicolon |Example with page number: (Smith 2001, 15) |

| |For in-text references to articles in|Example: Winston (2016) or (Young et al. 2016) |

| |the same issue use standard name and | |

| |date citation. | |

|Heading |Style |As first level head |

|Order |General |Alphabetical order. |

| | |First – Single author, |

| | |Second – double author, |

| | |Third – three and more authors. |

| |Several works of same first author |Purely alphabetical order on the second author. |

| |Single author |Liem KF. 1980. |

| |Single author, same year |Liem KF. 1980a. |

| | |Liem KF. 1980b. |

| |Multiple author works |Carroll AM, Wainwright PC, Huskey SH, Collar DC, Turingan RG. 2004. |

| |Several works of two authors or more |Follow alphabetical order of authors for several works of two authors. If the first two |

| |authors in same order, same year |authors are the same, then follow chronological order. |

| | | |

| | |For three and more authors, follow the alphabetical order of all the authors. |

| |Author designated as Anonymous |Not allowed. |

|Author |Name style |Author name with closed up initials. Name and initials are seperated by space. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Alexander RM. 1969. |

| |Initials |Closed up initials. Period (or full stop) at the end of the author list only. |

| |Suffix |Allowed. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Garland T Jr, Bennett AF, Rezende EL. 2005. |

| |et al |Allowed. List all author names up to 10. If there are more than 10 authors, list the |

| | |first 10 followed by et al. (CSE 29.3.6.1.1) |

| |Separators | |

| |Authors |Comma |

| |Surname and initials |Space |

| |Initials and suffix |Space |

| |Two authors |Comma |

| |More than three authors |Comma. No ‘and’ before the last author |

| |Group author |Allowed. |

| |No author |Not allowed. |

| |Punctuation at end of element |Full point (period). |

|Editor |Editor as author |(ed.) or (eds.) at the end of the authors name. |

| | | |

| | |Example: Smith A, (ed.). |

| | |Smith A, Adams B, (eds.). |

| |Name style |Follow author’s name style. |

| |Separators |Comma |

|Publication date |General Style |Year follows author names. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Berkely E. 2007. |

| |Punctuation at end of element |Full stop (period). |

| |Meetings; monthly magazines, |Example: |

| |newsletters, and newspapers | |

| | |Newspaper: Weiss R. Study shows problems in cloning people: researchers find replicating |

| | |primates will be harder than other mammals. Washington Post (Home Ed.). 2003 Apr 11;Sect. |

| | |A:12 (col. 1). |

| | | |

| | |Thesis: 2003 Apr 11. |

| | | |

| | |Follow the same style for Meetings, Monthly Magazines, Newsletters, Dailies and Weeklies. |

| |In press |Query the author for forthcoming publication date and title of journal. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Smith A. Forthcoming 2013. Coping with stress. J Exp Biol 1:1-15. |

| | | |

| | |If author states that manuscript has not been accepted, follow unpublished material |

| | |instructions. |

| | | |

| | |CSE 29.3.7.14 |

| |No date available |Query author |

|Title of Article (journal and |General style |Initial cap, roman, end with full stop (period). |

|book) or Chapter | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Topics in functional and ecological vertebrate morphology: introduction. |

| |Capitalization |Initial cap (and caps for proper nouns only). Do not capitalize after colon unless proper |

| | |noun |

| |Italicization |Allowed if gene name, etc. |

| |Reverse italics |N/A |

| |Quotes |Not allowed. |

| |Punctuation at end of element |Full stop (period). |

|Specific types of reference style | | |

|Journal (includes all periodicals)|Style |Significant caps, roman. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Am J Phys Ant |

| |Abbreviation |Abbreviations without full stop. |

| |Issue number |Not allowed |

| |Page range |Minimal range |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |110 to 115 should appear as 110–15 |

| |Example |Carroll AM, Wainwright PC, Huskey SH, Collar DC, Turingan RG. 2004. Morphology predicts |

| | |suction feeding performance in centrarchid fishes. J Exp Biol 207:3873–81. |

|Book (includes all other |Title style |Roman |

|nonperiodicals) | | |

| |Capitalization |Initial caps only (and caps for proper nouns only). |

| |Italicization |No. (Only for genus species name) |

| |Reverse italics |N/A |

| |Quotes |Not allowed. |

| |Edition |Ordinal form. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Smith A. Fishes of the world. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): John Wiley. p. 125-44. |

| |Page range |Minimal range. |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |p. 145–9 |

| |Volume number |Vol. X |

| | | |

| | |Example: |

| | |Smith A. Fishes of the world. Vol. 4. Philadelphia (PA): John Wiley. p. 125-44. |

| |Publisher location and name |Always include State if publisher is in United States. State should appear in parentheses |

| | |after City name. |

| | |Examples: |

| | |Malden (MA): Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |

| | |New York (NY): Wiley. |

| | | |

| | |If publisher is not in US, no State is needed. |

| | |Example: |

| | |London: MacMillan. |

|Others | | |

| |Chapter in book |Houk JC, Crago PE, Rymer WZ. 1981. Function of the spindle dynamic response in stiffness |

| | |regulation – a predictive mechanism provided by non-linear feedback. In: Taylor A, |

| | |Prochazka A, editors. Muscle receptors and movement. London: MacMillan. p. 299–309. |

| |Conference proceedings |Nelson GM, Quinn RD. 2001. A numerical solution to inverse kinematics for swing control of|

| | |a cockroach-like robot. Proceedings of Climbing and Walking Robots Conference (CLAWAR’01),|

| | |Karlsruhe, Germany. |

| |Lecture series |Nelson GM. 2000. Touching greatness: some aspects of star worship in contemporary |

| | |consumption. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the APA, New York. |

| |Unpublished material |Papers in preparation or submitted for publication should not be in the reference list. |

| | | |

| | |Query author whether these references are in press and, if not, to insert the following |

| | |text at citation point in the article: |

| | | |

| | |(A. W. Smith and H. G. Wells, submitted for publication) |

| | | |

| |Electronic source (web site/web page)|Example: |

| | |Duquette D, Wilga CD. 2007. Mechanics of suction generation during feeding in little |

| | |skates. Proceedings of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, January 3–8 in|

| | |Phoenix, AZ (). |

| |Journal article that is an article |Author name(s) Year. Title. Journal (doi: #) |

| |from Integrative and Comparative | |

| |Biology |Johnson JG, Burnett LE, Burnett KG. 2016. Uncovering hemocyanin subunit heterogeneity in |

| | |penaeid shrimp using RNA-Seq. Integr Comp Biol (doi:10.1093/icb/icw088). |

| |Journal article that has published |Van Wassenbergh S, Aerts P, Herrel A. 2006. Hydrodynamic modeling of aquatic suction |

| |online but not in an issue |performance and intra-oral pressures: limitation for comparative studies. J R Soc |

| | |Interface published online (doi:10.1098/rsif.2005.0110). |

| | | |

| |Online journal article in the same |For manuscripts in the same issue, use online journal article citation in reference |

| |issue |section. In text use standard name and date (Smith, 2016). |

| |Thesis |Koehl MAR. 1976. Mechanical design in sea anemones [dissertation]. [Durham (NC)]: Duke |

| | |University. |

| |Proceedings |Same as conference proceedings |

| |Report |Smith DW, Stahler DR, Guernsey DS. 2006. Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 2005. |

| | |Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park (WY): National Park Service. |

| | |p. 1–18. |

STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS

1,25(OH)2D3: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

25(OH)D3: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3

α1m: α1-microglobulin

α2M: α2-macroglobulin

α2PI: α2-plasmin inhibitor

AC: Alternating current

ACA: Anti-centromere antibody

aCL: Anti-cardiolipin antibody

ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme

acLE: Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

ACh: Acetylcholine

ACPA: Anti-citrullinated protein antibody

ACR: American College of Rheumatology

AECA: Anti-endothelial cell antibody

AF: Arthritis Foundation

AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

AIMS: Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibody

ANA: Anti-nuclear antibody

ANCA: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

aPL: Anti-phospholipid antibody

APL: IgA anti-phospholipid antibody

aPTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time

APS: Anti-phospholipid syndrome

aPS-PT: Anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin antibody

aPT: Anti-prothrombin antibody

aPTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time

ARA: American Rheumatism Association

ARAMIS: Arthritis, Rheumatism and Aging Medical Information System

ARDS: Adult respiratory distress syndrome

ARF: Acute rheumatic fever

ARF: Acute renal failure

AS: Ankylosing spondylitis

ASA: Acetylsalicylic acid

ASI: Addiction Severity Index

ASMA: Anti-smooth muscle antibody

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase

ATP: Adenosine triphosphate

ATPase: Adenosine triphosphatase

A-V: Arteriovenous

AVP: Arginine vasopressin

AZA: Azathioprine

BASDAI: BathAnkylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index

BASFI: BathAnkylosing Spondylitis Functional Index

BAS-G: BathAnkylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score

BASMI: BathAnkylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index

BASRI: BathAnkylosing Radiology Index

BILAG: British Isles Lupus Assessment Group

BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

BMA: British Medical Association

BMC: Bone mineral content

BMD: Bone mineral density

BMI: Body mass index

BMP: Bone morphogenic protein

BMJ: British Medical Journal

BP: Blood pressure

BPM: Beats per minute

BRS: Brain reward system

BSA: Bovine serum albumin

BVAS: BirminghamVasculitis activity score

CAA: Crystalline amino acids

cANCA: Cytoplasmic ANCA

CCP: Cyclic citrullinated peptide

cdcLE: Chronic diffuse cutaneous lupus erythematosus

cDNA: Complementary DNA

CI: Confidence interval

CIA: Collagen-induced arthritis

CIC: Circulating immune complex

CIE: Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

CMC joint: Carpometacarpal joint

CMV: Cytomegalovirus

CNS: Central nervous system

COMP: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CPDD: Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease

cpm: counts per minute

CPPD: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

CREST: Calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias

cRNA: Chromosomal RNA

CRP: C-reactive protein

CRT: Cardiac resynchronization therapy

ChSu: Chondroitin sulfate

CKD: Chronic kidney disease

CS: Corticosteroid

CSA: Cyclosporin A

CSSRD: Cooperative Systematic Studies of the Rheumatic Diseases (group)

CT: Computed tomography

CTD: Connective tissue disease

CTG: Cathepsin G

CTS: Carpal tunnel syndrome

CVB: Coxsackievirus B

CVI: Cross validation index

CX: Circumflex artery

CYC: Cyclophosphamide

D-Pen: D-penicillamine

dcSSc: Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis

dDNA: Denatured DNA

DAS: Disease activity score

DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone

DHEAS: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate

DIF: Direct immunofluorescence

DIF: Differential item functioning

DIP joint: Distal interphalangeal joint

DISH: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

DLE: Discoid lupus erythematosus

DM: Dermatomyositis

DMARD: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug

DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid

DPA: Dual-photon absorptiometry

DRM: Detergent-resistant membrane

DRVVT: Dilute Russell Viper Venom Time

DSE: Dobutamine stress echocardiography

dsDNA: Double-stranded DNA

DXA: Dual X-ray absorptiometry

EBNA: Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen

EBV: Epstein–Barr virus

ECG: Electrocardiogram

ECLAM: European Consensus Lupus Activity Measure

EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EF: Eosinophilic fasciitis

EF: Ejection fraction

eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate

GFR: Glomerular filtration rate

EIA: Enzyme immunoassay

ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EM: Electron microscopy

EMA: Ecological momentary assessment

EMG: Electromyography

ENA: Extractable nuclear antigen

ENT: Ear, nose, throat

ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

ESSG: European Spondylarthropathy Study Group

ESRD: End-stage renal disease

ET-1: Endothelin 1

FACS: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

FANA: Fluorescent anti-nuclear antibodies

FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization

FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate

FM: Fibromyalgia

FMF: Familial Mediterranean fever

FPLC: Fast protein (or fast performance) liquid chromatography

FS: Felty's syndrome

FTA-ABS: Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption

G-CSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

GAG: Glycosaminoglycan

GBM: Glomerular basement membrane

GCA: Giant cell arteritis

GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

GN: Glomerulonephritis

GP: General Practitioner

GPL: IgG phospholipid units

HA: Hyaluronic acid

HAGG: Heat-aggregated IgG

HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire

HAV: Hepatitis A virus

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen

HBV: Hepatitis B virus

HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine

HCV: Hepatitis C virus

HDL: High density lipoprotein

HDV: Hepatitis delta virus

Hep: Hepatoma cell line

HEp-2: Human epithelial cell line 2

HEV: Hepatitis E virus

HHV: Human herpesvirus

his-tRNA: Histidyl-transfer RNA

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus

HLA: Human leucocyte antigens

hnRNA: Heterogeneous nuclear RNA

hnRNP: Heterogeneous nuclear RNP

HOA: Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

HPLC: High pressure (or high performance) liquid chromatography

HPV: Human papilloma virus

HR: Hazard ratio

HRP: Horseradish peroxidase

HRT: Hormone replacement therapy

HScP: Henoch-Schönleinpurpura

HSP: Heat shock protein

HSV: Herpes simplex virus type 1

HTLV: Human T cell lymphotrophic virus

HV: Hypersensitivity vasculitis

IA: Intra-articular

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease

IBM: Inclusion body myositis

IC: Immune complex

iCa: Ionized calcium

ICP: Intracranial pressure

ID: Immunodiffusion

IEF: Isoelectric focusing

IF: Immunofluorescence

IFN: Interferon

Ig: Immunoglobulin

IgA: immunoglobulin A

IgG: immunoglobulin G

IgM: immunoglobulin M

IHD: Ischaemic heart disease

IIF: Indirect immunofluorescence

IL: Interleukin

ILAR: International League of Associations for Rheumatology

i.m.: intramuscular

IP joint: Interphalangeal joint

IR: Infrared

IRV: Infarct-related vessel

ITP: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

i.v.: intravenous

IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulin

JCA: Juvenile chronic arthritis

JDM: Juvenile dermatomyositis

JIA: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

JRA: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

JSLE: Juvenile SLE

KCS: Keratoconjunctivitissicca

KCT: Kaolin clotting time

kDNA: Kinetoplast DNA

La/SSB: La/SSB antigen

LA: Lupus anticoagulant

LACC: Lupus Activity Criteria Count

LAD: Left anterior descending artery

LBBB: Left bundle branch abnormality

lcSSc: Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis

LE cells: Lupus erythematosus cells

LEF: Leflunomide

LET: Linear energy transfer

LDL: Low density lipoprotein

LN: Lupus nephritis

LV: Left ventricular

LVt: LV twist

mAb: Monoclonal antibody

MCP joint: Metacarpophalangeal joint

MCV: Mean corpuscular volume

M-CSF: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

MCTD: Mixed connective tissue disease

MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease

MeSH: Medical subject headings

MHC: Major histocompatibility complex

miRNA: microRNA

MIT: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MMF: Mycophenolatemofetil

MMP: Matrix metalloprotease (or matrix metalloproteinase)

MMR: Measles, mumps and rubella

MPL: IgM phospholipid units

MPO: Myeloperoxidase

mRF: Monoclonal rheumatoid factor

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging

mRNA: Messenger RNA

MSU: Monosodium urate monohydrate

MSU: Midstream urine

MTD: Maximum tolerated dose

mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA

MTP joint: Metatarsophalangeal joint

MTV: Mammary tumour virus

MTX: Methotrexate

NAD(H): Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADP(H): Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

nDNA: Native DNA

NHS: Normal human serum

NHS: National Health Service

NIAMS: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

NIH: National Institutes of Health

NK: Natural killer

NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance

NOS: Not otherwise specified

NPSLE: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus

NS: Not specified / not specific

NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

OA: Osteoarthritis

OC: Osteocalcin

OCP: Oral contraceptive pill

OMERACT: Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials

OR: Odds ratio

PAGE: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PAN: Polyarteritisnodosa

pANCA: Perinuclear ANCA

PAS: Periodic acid-Schiff

PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

PBS: Phosphate buffered saline

PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention

PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PCR: Polymerase chain reaction

PCT: Primary Care Trust

PD: Paget's disease

PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor

PET: Positron emission tomography

PG: Prostaglandin

PIP joint: Proximal interphalangeal joint

PKC: Protein kinase C

PM: Polymyositis

PM/DM: Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

PMN: Polymorphonuclear leucocyte

PMR: Polymyalgia rheumatica

p.o.: per orum

PR3: Proteinase 3

PRINTO: Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization

PsA: Psoriatic arthritis

PT: Prothrombin time

PTCA: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

PTH: Parathyroid hormone

PTT: Partial thromboplastin time

PUVA: Psoralen ultraviolet A

QCT: Quantitative computed tomography

RA: Rheumatoid arthritis

RAM: Random access memory

RANA: Rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen

RANK: Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB

RCA: Right coronary artery

RDA: Recommended daily allowance

RDU: Rheumatic disease unit

ReA: Reactive arthritis

RER: Respiratory exchange ratio

RF: Rheumatoid factor

RhD: Rhesus factor

RIA: Radioimmunoassay

RID: Radial immunodiffusion

RNA: Ribonucleicacid

RNP: Ribonucleoprotein

Ro/SSA: Ro/SSA antigen

ROC curves: Receiver operating characteristic curves

ROM: Range of motion

RP: Raynaud’s phenomenon

rRNA: Ribosomal RNA

RNase: Ribonuclease

RNP: Ribonucleoprotein

rpm: Revolutions per minute

RS3PE: Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema

RSD: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (syndrome)

RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus

RT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

SAARD(s): Slow-acting anti-rheumatic drug(s)

SAPHO: Synovitis, Acne, Pustolosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis (syndrome)

SAR: Specific absorption rate

s.c.: subcutaneous

Scl-70: Sclero-70

scLE: Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

scRNP: Small cytoplasmic RNP

SCT: Salmon calcitonin

SD: Standard deviation

SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulphate

SDS PAGE: Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SEA: Seronegativeenthesopathy and arthropathy (syndrome)

S.E.M.: Standard error of the mean

SF: Synovial fluid

SFI: Spondylitis Functional Index

SHBG: Sex hormone binding globulin

SI joint: Sacroiliac joint

SLAM: Systemic Lupus Activity Measure

SLCC: Systemic Lupus Criteria Count

SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index

SLICC: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics

SM: Synovial membrane

snRNP: Small nuclear RNP

SpA: Spondylarthropathy

SPECT: Single-photon-emission computed tomography

sRNA: Soluble RNA

SS: Sjögren's syndrome

SSA: SS A antigen

SSB: SS B antigen

SSc: Systemic sclerosis

ssDNA: Single-stranded DNA

STD: Sexually transmitted disease

STI: Sexually transmitted infection

SSZ: Sulfasalazine

SV40: Simian vacuolating virus 40

TA: Temporal arteritis

TB: Tuberculosis

TBBMD: Total body bone mineral density

TCA: Trichloroacetic acid

TCR: T cell receptor

TEA: Tetraethylammonium

TFT: Thyroid function tests

TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta

Th: T helper

TLC: Thin-layer chromatography

TLI: Total lymphoid irradiation

TLR: Target lesson revascularization

TM joint: Temporomandibular joint

TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor alpha

TNF-β:Tumor necrosis factor beta

topo I: Topoisomerase I

tPA: Tissue plasminogen activator

Treg: Regulatory T cells

tRNA: Transfer RNA

TSTA: Tumour-specific transplantation antigen

type II CIA: Type II collagen-induced arthritis

UCTD: Undifferentiated connective tissue disease

uPA: Urokinase plasminogen activator

US: Ultrasound

uSpA: Undifferentiated spondylarthropathy

UTI: Urinary tract infection

UV: Ultraviolet

VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (test)

VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor

VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (test)

VSD: Ventriculoseptal defect

VT: Ventricular tachycardia

WCC: White cell count

WMA: Wall motion abnormality

WMSI: Wall motion score index

WHO: World Health Organization

WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index

XML: Extensible mark-up language

Z-DNA: Left-handed DNA

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download