Study Guide and Reinforcement - Student Edition

[Pages:99]Study Guide

Student Edition



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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25

The Nature of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Work and Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Thermal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Magnetism and Its Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Energy Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Electromagnetic Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Mirrors and Lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Classification of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Solids, Liquids, and Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Elements and Their Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Chemical Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Acids, Bases, and Salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 New Materials Through Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

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iii

Name

Date

Class

1 SStutuddy yGuGiudiede The Methods of Science

Chapter

1

Directions: Use the word bank to fill in the blanks in the summary paragraphs.

explanations knowledge

investigation modified

observation overlap

scientia technology

Science comes from a latin word, (1)

, which means

(2)

. Scientists gather knowledge using (3)

and

(4)

. Though science is divided into categories, the things scientists study

often (5)

.

Scientific (6) new (7) (8)

are developed and modified over time. Sometimes, or observations bring new ideas to light and theories are .

Directions: List the three main categories of science and what topics each deals with.

Category 9. 10. 11.

Topics

Directions: Unscramble the words to fill in the blanks.

12. the natural world

(stinotigevains) a way that scientists learn new information about

13.

(fictiensic dothem) an organized set of investigation procedures

14. other variables

(tennddeep) a type of variable that changes according to changes in

15.

(cottanns) something that does not change when other variables in

an experiment change

16.

(siba) what happens when a scientist expects certain results and

views their experimental data with those expectations, hoping to get a certain result

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The Methods of Science 1

Name

Date

Class

2 SStutuddy yGuGiudiede Standards of Measurement

Directions: Complete the table below by supplying the missing information.

Chapter

1

Measurement 1.

mass 2.

temperature

Base unit meter

3. second

4.

Symbol 5. 6. 7. 8.

Directions: In each of the following, circle the units that would most likely be used to express each kind of measurement. You may circle more than one answer for each term.

9. volume of a solid: mL m3 cm3 L 10. volume of a liquid: mL mg cm3 L 11. density of a material: g g/cm3 kg/m3 L 12. temperature: ?K K ?C Kg 13. mass: kg K cm3 mg 14. time: kg K s mm 15. length: K km m cm

Directions: For each pair of equations, write the letter of the equation that expresses an equal value.

16.

a. 1 L = 1 dm3

b. 1 L = 1 cm3

17.

a. 1 mL = 1 cm3

b. 1 cm3 = 1 L

18.

a. 0?C = ?273 K

b. 0 K = -273?C

19.

a. 1 kg = 100 g

b. 1,000 g = 1 kg

20.

a. 400 cm = 4.0 m

b. 400 cm = 0.40 m

21.

a. 1 dm = 10 m

b. 1 dm = 0.10 m

22.

a. 100?C = 373 K

b. 373 K = 10?C

Directions: Calculate the volume of the box in the diagram.

23.

3 cm

2 cm 1 cm

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2 Standards of Measurement

Name

Date

Class

3 1 SStutuddy yGuGiudiede Communicating with Graphs Chapter

Directions: Use the graphs below to answer the following questions.

Graph A

Graph C

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Graph B

1. What type of graph is shown in A? 2. What does graph A show? 3. What is the independent variable in graph A? 4. On what axis is the independent variable plotted? 5. On what axis is the dependent variable plotted? 6. What type of graph is graph B? 7. What information is shown in graph B? 8. What element makes up the largest part of living things? 9. What type of graph is graph C? 10. What information is shown on graph C? 11. What is the most common height for students in Sarah's class?

Communicating with Graphs 3

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