Challenge Biology - Angelfire



Challenge Biology

Second Semester Study Guide

1. What is cell respiration?

2. What is the equation for cellular respiration?

3. What is respiration called in the presence of oxygen?

4. What are the three steps in aerobic respiration?

5. What is Glycolysis?

6. Where in the cell does Glycolysis occur?

7. Does Glycolysis require oxygen?

8. Name the three stages of Cellular respiration below for a,b and c.

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9. Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Respiration Part ONE

Glycolysis: Fill in the correct answers below

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10. Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Respiration Part Two-Krebs cycle

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11. Cellular Respiration: Aerobic respiration Part Three- Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in the mitochondrial membrane[pic]

12. What organelle does cell respiration occur in?

13. Label the parts of the mitochondrion below.

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14. What organelle does photosynthesis occur in?

15. Label the parts of the chlorplast below. [pic]

16. Photosynthesis overview: Fill in the blanks. [pic]

17. Photosynthesis: Noncyclic Electron Flow: The light reaction

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18. What are the important products of the light reaction above that will be used for the Calvin cycle?

19. How is oxygen produced in the light reaction?

20. Label the three phases of the Calvin cycle (a-c) and the correct molecules (d-o) below.

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21. What is the original source of all energy used by nearly all organisms on earth?

22. The sun’s energy becomes stored in ________ and ________ and then finally in _________ and starch.

23. How many ATP’s are made (net) in Glycolysis in Cellular Respiration per glucose molecule ?

24. How many ATP’s are made in the Krebs cycle in Cellular Respiration per glucose molecule?

25. How many ATP’s are made in the electron transport chain in cellular respiration per glucose molecule?

26. How many ATP’s are made totally in Glycolysis, Krebs and the electron transport chain, for one glucose molecule?

27. Explain alcohol fermentation.

28. What uses alcohol fermentation?

29. Explain lactic acid fermentation.

30. What goes through lactic acid fermentation?

31. What is chemiosmosis?

32. What is the equation for photosynthesis?

33. Explain DNA replication.

34. Explain transcription in protein synthesis.

35. Explain RNA processing in protein synthesis.

36. Explain translation in protein synthesis.

37. What is a codon?

38. What is an anti-codon?

39. Compare DNA and RNA.

40. Which contain 2 carbon rings and are larger, purines or pyrimidines?

41. Name 2 pyrimidines.

42. Name 2 purines.

43. What is meant by anti-parallel?

44. What is the bond called that is a covalent bond that links the nucleotides together?

45. How does condensation synthesis occur when building a DNA nucleotide?

46. Explain the nitrogen cycle.

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47. Why do plants and animals need nitrogen?

48. Explain the carbon cycle

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49. Explain the water cycle

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50. Explain the phosphorus cycle.

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51. What is meant by energy pyramid?

52. What are the trophic levels in an ecosystem?

53. Name 3 types of symbiosis.

54. What is mutualism?

55. What is commensalism?

56. What is parasitism?

57. What are the four biogeochemical cycles we studied?

58. According to Charles Darwin _________ or “survival of the fittest,” was the driving force of evolution.

59. What is natural selection?

60. If I place my blood on a slide and add anti-A antigen to it and it coagulates what blood type am I?

61. If I place blood on a slide that coagulates with anti-B antigen what blood type am I looking at?

62. If I place blood on a slide that coagulates with both anti-A and anti-B what blood type is it?

63. If I place blood on a slide in which no coagulation occurs what blood type is it?

64. Define evolution.

65. Explain how sexual reproduction promotes variation in a species.

66. How does natural selection lead to increased reproduction of individuals with favorable heritable variations?

67. Discuss the theory that species evolve by natural selection.

68. Explain 2 examples of evolution in response to environmental change.

69. What does the peppered moth have to do with natural selection?

70. What is species?

71. List the 7 levels in the hierarchy of taxa.

72. The beginning of digestion starts in the mouth with an enzyme called amylase. What is the source, substrate, product and necessary pH for amylase?

73. What is the difference between the sense and antisense strand in DNA.

74. What are introns?

75. What are exons?

76. What is splicing?

77. Name the four levels of protein.

78. Explain the secondary structure of protein.

79. Explain the primary structure of protein.

80. Explain the tertiary structure of protein.

81. Explain the quarternary structure of protein.

82. What is the significance of polar and non polar amino acids?

83. State six functions of proteins, giving an example of each.

84. What is an induced fit?

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